The fundamental trade-off between high intrinsic carrier mobility and solution processability severely limits the development of organic single crystals (OSCs). For instance, while 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA) is a benchmark candidate for direct X-ray detection, its intrinsic insolubility hinders solution processing, and conventional solubilizing alkyl modifications inevitably degrade transport efficiency. Here, we report a facile surfactant-assisted near-room-temperature solution epitaxy method to overcome this bottleneck, fabricating centimeter-scale ultrathin DPA two-dimensional (2D) OSCs utilizing a common solvent at 35°C. Electrical characterization reveals that the as-fabricated DPA 2DOSCs exhibit a maximum mobility of 5.55 cm²/(V∙s), an order of magnitude higher than that of the alkylated C₆-DPA counterpart. This superior charge transport efficiency directly translates into exceptional X-ray detection performance, achieving a high sensitivity of 7.02×10³ μC/(Gy∙cm²) and a low detection limit of 24.05 nGy/s. This work not only provides a facile low-energy route to process intrinsically insoluble organic semiconductors but also establishes high-mobility DPA 2DOSCs as a premier platform for next-generation large-area organic direct X-ray detectors.

Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a feasible approach for biomarker detection owing to their high sensitivity, operational simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. However, the development of low-cost, convenient, and common substrate materials with high effectiveness remains a significant challenge. This work presents a new kind of hybrid GO/AgNPs nanostructure (Ag@HA-GO) for electrochemical detection of biotin-streptavidin (SA) interactions in biomarkers. Specifically, GO was firstly modified with hexylamine (HA) to expand the interlayer spacing, and then silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were incorporated within HA-GO sheets, affording Ag@HA-GO with good dispersibility and excellent electrical conductivity. To utilize it as a substrate material for detecting biotin-streptavidin (biotin–SA) interactions, biotin was covalently attached onto the edges of GO sheets within Ag@HA-GO. In subsequent electrochemical detection of biotin-SA interaction, it was informed that GCE/biotin-Ag@HA-GO could serve as a promising substrate for a sensitive and stable electrochemical sensor, on account of systematical cyclic voltammetry curves. Thus, the designed GO/AgNPs hybrid nanocomposite is expected to act as an effective platform for stabilizing AgNPs, while Ag@GO-HA demonstrates good stability, selectivity, and reproducibility in the electrochemical detection of biotin–SA under physiological conditions.

Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) retain magnetic information at the molecular scale, enabling their application in future information storage and processing. Employing a low-coordination environment has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing magnetic anisotropy, thereby increasing their operable temperature. Herein, three octahedral (O_h)-type Dy(III)-based SMMs [DyLCl₂(THF)₃]∙2THF (1, THF = tetrahydrofuran), [DyLCl₂(THF)₂]₂∙2Benz (2, Benz = benzene), and [DyL₂Cl (THF)₃] (3) were successfully synthesized using a bulky ligand, tris(5-m-terphenyl)methanol (HL). This series of complexes, with similar structural characteristics, offers a platform to systematically investigate the regulatory effects of local environments and weak interactions on Orbach, Raman, and quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) relaxation processes. For Orbach process, 3 achieves an ultra-high effective energy barrier (U_eff) of 1649 K, which demonstrates the importance of a strong axial crystal field for high U_eff. Raman relaxation is suggested to be suppressed by enhanced phonon energy, possibly arising from the synergy of rigid strong-field axial ligands and weak inter-/intra-molecular interactions. Increasing the geometric symmetry and charge-distribution uniformity helps to slow down the QTM rate, which also rationalizes the anomalous observation that 3 exhibits a higher U_eff yet faster QTM. This study offers insight into strategies for understanding the relaxation mechanisms and structural design principles of Dy(III)-based SMMs.

Nanobodies are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (HCAbs). They combine a small size (~12–15 kDa) with high solubility, favorable stability, and antigen-binding capability. These properties can facilitate recognition of less accessible epitopes, improve tissue penetration in selected settings, and support assay performance under conditions that may challenge conventional antibodies. In recent years, nanobodies have emerged as versatile molecular recognition tools for diagnostic applications and been integrated into diverse detection platforms—including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs), biosensors, and in vivo imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and nanobody–quantum dot conjugates. Advances such as multivalent designs, site-specific conjugation, and optimized expression systems have further enhanced the performance of nanobodies in clinical diagnostics. Here, we summarize recent progress in nanobody-based diagnostic technologies, outlining the key structural and biochemical features that contribute to their efficacy, reviewing ongoing clinical trials, and highlighting successful technological developments. Additionally, we discuss emerging strategies aimed at creating scalable, sensitive, and application-ready nanobody-enabled diagnostic platforms.

The chiral crystal structure and strong spin-orbit coupling of tellurium (Te) make it an appealing platform for exploring unconventional radial spin textures, which can be probed via bilinear magnetoelectric resistance (BMR). Recent studies have consistently reported a pronounced BMR in Te nanosheets under in-plane current and out-of-plane magnetic field, suggesting complex coexisting mechanisms. Here, to clarify this discrepancy, a systematic investigation on the second-harmonic longitudinal resistance (R_{\parallel }^{2\omega }) is performed in the circular disc device made of single-crystalline Te nanosheets. The R_{\parallel }^{2\omega } is found to be prominent under out-of-plane magnetic fields, in agreement with previous observations. Notably, the out-of-plane BMR reverses sign on opposite sides of the current path, which cannot be explained by spin texture considerations. Instead, the out-of-plane BMR is attributed to the Joule-heating-induced Nernst effect, as further supported by COMSOL thermal-distribution simulations. These results reveal the crucial role of thermoelectric effects in modulating BMR in chiral crystals, offering new insight into the long-standing discrepancy between experimental observations and theoretical predictions.

The integration of real-time and flexible imaging has significantly advanced X-ray scintillator imaging technologies. However, combining both functionalities into a single scintillator material remains a fundamental challenge. To address this, we designed a zero-dimensional cerium (III)-based organic-inorganic hybrid halide scintillator, MPH₂CeCl₅·3H₂O (MPH = morpholine), using low-cost solution processing and leveraging Ce (III)'s inherently nanosecond-scale 4f–5d transitions. La³⁺-alloying induced a dual effect, enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield to 2.75 times the original value while maintaining a short decay time of approximately 22 ns. Combined with heavy-atom effects, this nanosecond-scale decay prompted investigation of X-ray scintillation performance, revealing a respectable light yield of 10,400 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 96.73 nGy_air/s. By embedding the optimized MPH₂CeCl₅·3H₂O into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), we fabricated a high-performance flexible film that mitigates material hygroscopicity while enabling outstanding flexibility and dynamic imaging capabilities. This film achieved motion-artifact-free dynamic imaging at 100 fps, clearly resolving blades rotating at 560°/s. This work demonstrates Ce (III)-based halide hybrids as promising platforms for advanced medical and industrial imaging, offering high light yield, rapid response, and superior processability.

The precise functioning of natural systems is, to some extent, attributed to the remarkable molecular recognition capabilities of biological macromolecules. The sophisticated molecular encapsulation properties of viral capsids provide a fundamental blueprint for engineering hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polyhedra exhibiting programmable host–guest properties. For an extended period, researchers have employed macrocyclic molecules to design and synthesize a range of supramolecular polyhedra, with the goal of simulating the structural features and molecular recognition capabilities of viral capsids. This perspective briefly summarizes structural advances in hydrogen-bond-directed assembly of macrocycle-based supramolecular polyhedra. Building on these architectural foundations, we discussed their emergent molecular recognition functions toward geometrically diverse guests. These fundamental insights may offer potential implications for host–guest systems in fields such as precision drug delivery, high-contrast bioimaging, and stimulus-responsive sensing.