Salinity drives the divergence of nitrogen-cycling microbial communities across land-use types in the Qaidam Basin

Abstract

Changes in the use of land have a profound effect on the nitrogen cycle (N-cycle) in terrestrial ecosystems. Related research in fragile ecological environments needs to be promoted in the context of increasing human activities. In this study, four soil types were sampled in the Qaidam Basin (northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), ordered by increasing management intensity as follows: grassland (GL), irrigated land (IL), orchard land (OL) and facility agricultural land (FAL). Our results indicate that: Intensive management reduces spatial differentiation of N-cycling microbial communities (P < 0.05), while soil salinity dominated the spatial differentiation in this taxa; From GL to FAL, the abundance of nitrogen fixation (nifK: 0.08‰‒1.48‰, nifD: 0.07‰‒1.79‰, nifH: 0.04‰-1.11‰) and nitrification function genes decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while the abundance of ammonification (aomA:1.13‰‒0.28‰, aomB: 2.20‰‒0.98‰, aomC: 2.76‰‒0.76‰) genes increased significantly (P < 0.05); Meanwhile, the complexity of the nitrogen cycle microbial co-occurrence network decreased from GL to FAL (average degree 0.17‒17.03), and halophilic microorganisms (Halophiles) was replaced by abundant biosphere with the turnover process. In summary, in the Qaidam Basin, different land use types regulate salinity rather than nutrients, shaping the spatial pattern of N-cycling microbial communities and thereby dominating the transformation of Halophiles niches.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

land use change / Qinghai-Tibet Plateau / nitrogen cycle / co-occurrence network / Halophiles

Highlight

	● Soil salinity dominated the spatial differentiation in soil N-cycling in the Qaidam Basin.
	● Increased management intensity weakens the complexity of nitrogen cycle microbial networks.
	● Halophilic transition from core taxa to redundant from GL to FAL.

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