Nadal and Weinstock derailment criteria are applied in maintenance standards to assess the risk of flange climbing derailment. However, they are overly conservative, while modified versions have limited field usage due to the large number of required variables and the need for nonlinear iterative calculations. This study aims to derive accurate and simplified single wheel and wheelset derailment criteria to assess the risk of flange climbing derailment on curved tracks. First, complete single wheel and wheelset derailment criteria were derived to analyse the risk of flange climbing in a wheelset negotiating a curved track. Second, the critical derailment limits were calculated based on creep force theories and validated using published TLV, NUCARS and JNR data. Finally, as a case study, simplified single wheel and wheelset derailment criteria were developed through curve fitting for a nominal UIC60 rail and S1002 wheel profile. The simplified single wheel and wheelset derailment criteria agree well with the complete criteria with the maximum relative error of 1.9% and 11.7%, respectively, when the distribution of vertical force is similar. Furthermore, the simplified single wheel derailment criterion has the lowest maximum relative error compared with published derailment criteria. However, the simplified wheelset derailment criterion is only valid when the wheelset limit is higher than 0.1. Additionally, the study found that, to prevent flange climbing, the maximum allowable negative vertical force difference between the non-flanging and flanging wheels to be −9%, −18%, and -25.8% when the maximum contact angles are 60°, 65°, and 70°, respectively.
| [1] |
Liu X, Saat MR, Barkan CPL. Analysis of causes of major train derailment and their effect on accident rates. Transp Res Rec. 2012, 2289(1): 154-163.
|
| [2] |
Zhang W. Dynamics of coupled systems in high-speed railways: theory and practice. 2020, Amsterdam, Elsevier
|
| [3] |
Guan Q, Zeng J, Jin X. An angle of attack-based derailment criterion for wheel flange climbing. Proc Instit Mech Eng, Part F J Rail Rapid Transit. 2013, 228(7): 719-729.
|
| [4] |
Zeng J, Guan Q. Study on flange climb derailment criteria of a railway wheelset. Veh Syste Dyn. 2008, 46(3): 239-251.
|
| [5] |
Iwnicki S. Handbook of railway vehicle dynamics. 20061Boca Raton, CRC Press.
|
| [6] |
Nadal MJ (1896) Theore de la stabilite des locomotives, part 2. Vve C. Dunod et P. Vicq, Paris
|
| [7] |
Weinstock H (1984) Wheel climb derailment criteria for evaluation of rail vehicle safety. In: Proceedings of ASME winter annual meeting, New Orleans, Report No. 84-WA/RT-1
|
| [8] |
Kuo CM, Lin CC. Analysis of derailment criteria. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part F. 2016, 230(4): 1158-1163.
|
| [9] |
Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board (2017) Rolling stock—dynamic behaviour. AS7509:2017
|
| [10] |
CEN Brussels (2016) Railway applications—testing and simulation for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles—running behaviour and stationary tests. EN 14363
|
| [11] |
Ivorra SM, Julia IR, Hernández Cet al. . Derailment risk and dynamics of railway vehicles in curved tracks: analysis of the effect of failed fasteners. J Mod Transp. 2016, 24(1): 38-47.
|
| [12] |
Ye Y, Vuitton J, Sun Yet al. . Railway wheel profile fine-tuning system for profile recommendation. Rail Eng Sci. 2021, 29(1): 74-93.
|
| [13] |
Zhang N, Zhou Z, Wu Z. Safety evaluation of a vehicle–bridge interaction system using the pseudo-excitation method. Rail Eng Sci. 2022, 30(1): 41-56.
|
| [14] |
Gao Y, Wang P, Wang Ket al. . Damage tolerance of fractured rails on continuous welded rail track for high-speed railways. Rail Eng Sci. 2021, 29(1): 59-73.
|
| [15] |
Bosso N, Magelli M, Trinchero Ret al. . Application of machine learning techniques to build digital twins for long train dynamics simulations. Veh Syst Dyn. 2024, 62(1): 21-40.
|
| [16] |
Bernal E, Wu Q, Spiryagin Met al. . Augmented digital twin for railway systems. Veh Syst Dyn. 2024, 62(1): 67-83.
|
| [17] |
Matsumoto A, Sato Y, Ohno Het al. . Actual states of wheel/rail contact forces and friction on sharp curves—continuous monitoring from in-service trains and numerical simulations. Wear. 2014, 314(1–2): 189-197.
|
| [18] |
Yokose K. A theory of the derailment of wheelset. Railway technical research institute. Railw Tech Res Inst Q Rep. 1966, 7(3): 30-34
|
| [19] |
Wang P, Wang J, Ma Xet al. . Theoretical 3D model for quasistatic critical derailment coefficient of railway vehicles and a simplified formula. Math Probl Eng. 2018, 2018: 7910753
|
| [20] |
U.K. Rail Accident Investigation Branch (2019) Freight train derailment at Willesden High Level Junction, north-west London. R072020_200825
|
| [21] |
U.S. National Transpotation Safety Board (2023) Derailment of Amtrak Passenger Train on BNSF railway track. RIR-3-08
|
| [22] |
Australian Transport Safety Bureau (2024) Derailment of coal train 9QJ5. RO-2021-013
|
| [23] |
Gilchrist AO, Brickle BV. A re-examination of the proneness to derailment of a railway wheel-set. J Mech Eng Sci. 1976, 18(3): 131-141.
|
| [24] |
Karmel A, Sweet LM. Evaluation of time-duration dependent wheel load criteria for wheelclimb derailment. J Dyn Syst Meas Control. 1981, 1033219-227.
|
| [25] |
Elkins J, Wu H (1998) New criteria for flange climb derailment. In: ASME/IEEE joint railroad conference, New York, pp 1–7
|
| [26] |
Spinola BR. A 3D contact force safety criterion for flange climb derailment of a railway wheel. Veh Syst Dyn. 2004, 42(5): 289-300.
|
| [27] |
Francesco B, Stefano B, Giorgio D. Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Veh Syst Dyn. 2006, 44(4): 305-325.
|
| [28] |
Durali M, Jalili MM. A new criterion for assessment of train derailment risk. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part F. 2010, 224(1): 83-101
|
| [29] |
Karmel A, Sweet LM. Wheelset mechanics during wheelclimb derailment. J Appl Mech. 1984, 51(3): 680-686.
|
| [30] |
Elkins J, Shust WC (1997) Wheel forces during flange climb II. NUCARS simulations. In: Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE/ASME joint railroad conference, Boston, pp 149–156
|
| [31] |
Shust WC, Elkins J (1997) Wheel forces during flange climb I. Track loading vehicle tests. In: Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE/ASME Joint Railroad Conference, Boston, pp. 137–147
|
| [32] |
Zeng J, Wu P. Study on the wheel/rail interaction and derailment safety. Wear. 2008, 265(9–10): 1452-1459.
|
| [33] |
Guan Q, Zeng J, Jin X. An angle of attack-based derailment criterion for wheel flange climbing. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part F. 2013, 228(7): 719-729.
|
| [34] |
Santamaria J, Vadillo EG, Gomez J. Influence of creep forces on the risk of derailment of railway vehicles. Veh Syst Dyn. 2009, 47(6): 721-752.
|
| [35] |
Kalker JJ. Three-dimensional elastic bodies in rolling contact. 1990, Netherlands, Amsterdam, Springer.
|
| [36] |
Shen ZY, Hedrick JK, Elkins JA. A comparison of alternative creep force models for rail vehicle dynamic analysis. Veh Syst Dyn. 1983, 12(1–3): 79-83.
|
| [37] |
Vollebregt E, Voltr P. Improved accuracy for FASTSIM using one or three flexibility values. Veh Syst Dyn. 2023, 61(1): 309-317.
|
| [38] |
APTA PRESS Task Force (2007) Standard for wheel flange angle for passenger equipment, APTA PR-M-S-015-06, Washington
|
| [39] |
Santamaria J, Vadillo EG, Oyarzabal O (2009) Risk of derailment criteria based on the saturation of the lateral creep force. In: 21st IAVSD 2009, Stockholm
|
| [40] |
Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board (2019) Wheel and rail profile development. Brisbane
|
| [41] |
Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board (2019) Track forces and stresses. Brisbane
|
Funding
Australian Research Council(LP200100110)
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
The Author(s)
PDF
