Vibro-acoustic performance of steel–concrete composite and prestressed concrete box girders subjected to train excitations

Abstract

Owning to good mechanical properties, steel–concrete composite (SCC) and prestressed concrete (PC) box girders are the types of elevated structures used most in urban rail transit. However, their vibro-acoustic differences are yet to be explored in depth, while structure-radiated noise is becoming a main concern in noise-sensitive environments. In this work, numerical simulation is used to investigate the vibration and noise characteristics of both types of box girders induced by running trains, and the numerical procedure is verified with data measured from a PC box girder. The mechanism of vibration transmission and vibro-acoustic comparisons between SCC and PC box girders are investigated in detail, revealing that more vibration and noise arise from SCC box girders. The vibration differences between them are around 7.7 dB(A) at the bottom plate, 19.3 dB(A) at the web, and 6.7 dB(A) at the flange, while for structure-radiated noise, the difference is around 5.9 dB(A). Then, potential vibro-acoustic control strategies for SCC box girders are discussed. As the vibro-acoustic responses of two types of girders are dominated by the force transmitted to the bridge deck, track isolation is better than structural enhancement. It is shown that using a floating track slab can make the vibration and noise of an SCC box girder lower than those of a PC box girder. However, structural enhancement for the SCC box girder is extremely limited in effects. The six proposed structural enhancement measures reduce vibration by only 1.1–3.6 dB(A) and noise by up to 1.5 dB(A).

Keywords

Urban rail transit / Vibration / Noise / Box girder / Vibro-acoustic control

References

[1.] Gao QF Zhang K Wang T Peng WK Liu CQ. Numerical investigation of the dynamic responses of steel-concrete girder bridges subjected to moving vehicular loads. Meas Control, 2021 54 3–4 465-484

[2.] Thompson DJ. Railway noise and vibration: mechanisms, modeling and means of control, 2009 Oxford Elsevier

[3.] Ghimire JP Matsumoto Y Yamaguchi H Kurahashi I. Numerical investigation of noise generation and radiation from an existing modular expansion joint between prestressed concrete bridges. J Sound Vib, 2009 328 1–2 129-147

[4.] Alten K Flesch R. Finite element simulation prior to reconstruction of a steel railway bridge to reduce structure-borne noise. Eng Struct, 2012 53 2 83-88

[5.] Lee YY Ngai KW Ng CF. The local vibration modes due to impact on the edge of a viaduct. Appl Acoust, 2004 65 11 1077-1093

[6.] Li Q Xu YL Wu DJ. Concrete bridge-borne low-frequency noise simulation based on train–track–bridge dynamic interaction. J Sound Vib, 2012 331 10 2457-2470

[7.] Zhang X Li XZ Hao H Wang DX Li YD. A case study of interior low-frequency noise from box-shaped bridge girders induced by running trains: Its mechanism, prediction and countermeasures. J Sound Vib, 2016 367 129-144

[8.] Ngai KW Ng CF. Structure-borne noise and vibration of concrete box structure and rail viaduct. J Sound Vib, 2002 255 2 281-297

[9.] Li X Zhang X Zhang Z Liu Q Li Y. Experimental research on noise emanating from concrete box-girder bridges on intercity railway lines. Pro Inst Mech Eng F-J Rail Rapid Transit, 2013 229 2 125-135

[10.] Li X Yang D Chen G Li Y Zhang X. Review of recent progress in studies on noise emanating from rail transit bridges. J Mod Transport, 2016 24 4 237-250

[11.] Zhang X Li X Liu Q Wu J Li Y. Theoretical and experimental investigation on bridge-borne noise under moving high-speed train. Sci China Technol Sc, 2013 56 4 917-924

[12.] Li Q Song X Wu D. A 2.5-dimensional method for the prediction of structure-borne low-frequency noise from concrete rail transit bridges. J Acoust Soc Am, 2014 135 5 2718-2726

[13.] Song X Wu D Li Q Botteldooren D. Structure-borne low-frequency noise from multi-span bridges: a prediction method and spatial distribution. J Sound Vib, 2016 367 114-128

[14.] Song X Li Q Wu DJ. Investigation of rail noise and bridge noise using a combined 3D dynamic model and 2.5D acoustic model. Appl Acoust, 2016 109 5-17

[15.] Li Q Thompson DJ. Prediction of rail and bridge noise arising from concrete railway viaducts by using a multilayer rail fastener model and a wavenumber domain method. Pro Inst Mech Eng F-J Rail Rapid Transit, 2018 232 5 1326-1346

[16.] Song L Li X Zheng J Guo M Wang X. Vibro-acoustic analysis of a rail transit continuous rigid frame box girder bridge based on a hybrid WFE-2D BE method. Appl Acoust, 2020 157 107028

[17.] Song L Li X Hao H Zhang X. Medium- and high-frequency vibration characteristics of a box-girder by the waveguide finite element method. Int J Struct Stab Dy, 2018 18 11 1850141

[18.] Zhong T Chen G Sheng X Zhan X Zhou LQ Kai J. Vibration and sound radiation of a rotating train wheel subject to a vertical harmonic wheel–rail force. J Mod Transport, 2018 26 2 81-95

[19.] Augusztinovicz F M F, Guly K, Nagy AB, Fiala P, Gajd P,. Derivation of train track isolation requirement for a steel road bridge based on vibro-acoustic analyses. J Sound Vib, 2006 293 3–5 953-964

[20.] Li X Liu Q Pei S Song L Zhang X. Structure-borne noise of railway composite bridge: numerical simulation and experimental validation. J Sound Vib, 2015 353 378-394

[21.] Liu Q Li X Zhang X Zhou Y Chen Y. Applying constrained layer damping to reduce vibration and noise from a steel-concrete composite bridge: an experimental and numerical investigation. J Sandw Struct Mater, 2020 22 6 1743-1769

[22.] Liang L Li X Yin J Wang D Gao W Guo Z. Vibration characteristics of damping pad floating slab on the long-span steel truss cable-stayed bridge in urban rail transit. Eng Struct, 2019 191 92-103

[23.] Liu Q Thompson DJ Xu P Feng Q Li X. Investigation of train-induced vibration and noise from a steel-concrete composite railway bridge using a hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis method. J Sound Vib, 2020 471 115197

[24.] Poisson F Margiocchi F. The use of dynamic dampers on the rail to reduce the noise of steel railway bridges. J Sound Vib, 2006 293 3–5 944-952

[25.] Zhang X Liu R Cao Z Wang X Li X. Acoustic performance of a semi-closed noise barrier installed on a high-speed railway bridge: measurement and analysis considering actual service conditions. Measurement, 2019 138 386-399

[26.] Zhang X Cao Z Ruan L Li X Li X. Reduction of vibration and noise in rail transit steel bridges using elastomer mats: numerical analysis and experimental validation. Pro Inst Mech Eng F-J Rail Rapid Transit, 2021 235 2 248-261

[27.] Zhang X Li X Wen Z Zhao Y. Numerical and experimental investigation into the mid- and high-frequency vibration behavior of a concrete box girder bridge induced by high-speed trains. J Vib Control, 2018 24 23 5597-5609

[28.] Xu L Zhai W. Train–track coupled dynamics analysis: system spatial variation on geometry, physics and mechanics. Rail Eng Science, 2020 28 1 36-53

[29.] Wu T Thompson DJ. Behaviour of the normal contact force under multiple wheel/rail interaction. Vehicle Syst Dyn, 2002 37 3 157-174

[30.] Fahy FJ Gardonio P. Sound and structural vibration: radiation, transmission and response, 2007 2 Oxford Oxford University Press

[31.] Zhai W Wang K Cai C. Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupled dynamics. Vehicle Syst Dyn, 2009 47 11 1349-1376

[32.] Li L Thompson DJ Xie Y Zhu Q Luo Y Lei Z. Influence of rail fastener stiffness on railway vehicle interior noise. Appl Acoust, 2019 145 69-81

[33.] Xiao H Yang S Wang H Wu S. Initiation and development of rail corrugation based on track vibration in metro systems. Pro Inst Mech Eng F-J Rail Rapid Transit, 2018 232 9 2228-2243

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China(51978580)