Optimal design of the gas storage surface pipeline system with injection and withdrawal conditions

Abstract

Underground natural gas storage (UNGS) is an important part of the natural gas supply system to ensure a balanced energy supply. The surface system, as an important part of the gas storage, undertakes the functions of gas injection and gas production of the gas storage, and its investment economy is of vital importance. In fact, the UNGS surface pipeline network has two-way injection and production characteristics, which is different from the one-way production characteristics of conventional oil&gas gathering and transportation systems. This paper takes the minimum investment of the pipeline network as the objective function, considers the gas injection and gas withdrawal flow conditions and esablishes a mixed integer non-linear programming model (MINLP) for the surface pipeline network of the UNGS to optimize its pipeline layout and diameter parameters. Constraints including the well affiliation, the number of stations, the gathering radius, the processing capacity and the flow/pressure equilibrium equations, are also taken into consideration. Taking an UNGS in China as an example, the results of the optimal structure and diameter of the pipeline network, as well as the pipe flow, node pressure, and maximum/minimum flowrate during gas injection and gas withdrawal are obtained. Finally, the effects of constraints such as processing capacity and radius on the structure layout and investment of the UNGS are analyzed, verifying the reliability and effectiveness of the model.

Keywords

Optimal design / Pipeline network / Natural gas storage / Injection and withdrawal

Declaration of competing interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgements

This work was part of the program “Study on the optimization method and architecture of oil and gas pipeline network design in discrete space and network space”, funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 51704253. The authors are grateful to all study participants.

References

[1] L. Zhao, Y. Yan, P. Wang, X.Z. Yan,A risk analysis model for underground gas storage well integrity failure, J. Loss. Prevent. Proc. 62 (2019) 103951.

[2] F. Verga, What’s conventional and what’s special in a reservoir study for underground gas storage, Energies 11 (5) (2018) 1245.

[3] W. Liu, D.Y. Jiang, J. Chen, J.J.K. Daemen, K. Tang, F. Wu, Comprehensive feasibility study of two-well-horizontal caverns for natural gas storage in thinly-bedded salt rocks in China, Energy 143 (2018) 1006-1009.

[4] P. Jelusic, S. Kravanja, B. Zlender, Optimal cost and design of an underground gas storage by ANFIS, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 61 (2019) 142-157.

[5] G.X. Zhang, B. Li, D.W. Zheng, G.S. Ding, H. Wei, P.S. Qian, C. Li, Challenges to and proposals for underground gas storage (UNGS) business, Nat. Gas. Ind. 37 (1) (2017) 153-159.

[6] International Gas Union,2015 triennium work report. http://UNGS.igu.org/, June 2015.

[7] G.S. Ding, C. Li, J.M. Wang, H.C. Xu, Y.L. Zheng, Y.Q.Q. Wan, Y.J. Zhao, The status quo and technical development direction of underground gas storages in China, Nat. Gas. Ind. 35 (11) (2017) 107-112.

[8] J. Zhou, G.C. Liang, T. Deng, Optimal design of star-tree oil-gas pipeline network in discrete space, J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. 9 (1) (2018), 04017034.

[9] J. Zhou, J.H. Peng, G.C. Liang, T. Deng, Layout optimization of tree-tree gas pipeline network, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 9 (1) (2019) 666-680.

[10] N.C. Demirel, T. Demirel, M. Devec, G. Vardar, Location selection for underground natural gas storage using Choquet integral, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 45 (2017) 368-379.

[11] C.H. Yang, T.T. Wang, Y.P. Li, H.J. Yang, J.J. Li, Feasibility analysis of using abandoned salt caverns for large-scale underground energy storage in China, Appl. Energy 137 (2014) 467-481.

[12] E. Baranes, F. Mirabel, J.C. Poudou, Access to natural gas storage facilities: strategic and regulation issues, Energy Econ. 41 (2014) 19-32.

[13] B. Modjtahedi, N. Movassagh, Natural-gas futures: bias, predictive performance, and the theory of storage, Energy Econ. 27 (4) (2005) 617-637.

[14] X.Y. Mu, Weather, storage, and natural gas price dynamics: fundamentals and volatility, Energy Econ. 29 (1) (2007) 46-63.

[15] C. Budny, R. Madlener, C. Hilgers, Economic feasibility of pipe storage and underground reservoir storage options for power-to-gas load balancing, Energy Convers. Manag. 102 (15) (2015) 258-266.

[16] S.M. Lavasani, Z. Yang, J. Finlay, J. Wang, Fuzzy risk assessment of oil and gas offshore wells, Process Saf. Environ. 89 (5) (2011) 277-294.

[17] S.M. Lavasani, N. Ramzali, B. Sabzalipour, E. AkyuZ, Utilisation of Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA) for quantified risk analysis of leakage in abandoned oil and natural-gas wells, Ocean. Eng. 108 (2015) 729-737.

[18] M.X. Bai, A.Q. Shen, L. Meng, J. Zhu, K. Song, Well completion issues for underground gas storage in oil and gas reservoirs in China, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 171 (2018) 584-591.

[19] N. Moroni, N. Panciera, A. Zanchi, C.R. Johnson, S. LeRoy-Delage, H. Bulte- Loyer, S. Cantini, E. Belleggia, R. Illuminati, Overcoming the weak link in cemented hydraulic isolation, in: Presented at SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE), Anaheim, CA(US), 2007.

[20] A. Shahvali, R. Azin, A. Zamani, Cement design for underground gas storage well completion, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 18 (2014) 149-154.

[21] D. Tananykhin, S. Liliya, Sand control methods for the development of oil & gas fields with hard to recover reserves, Espacios 38 (48) (2017) 31-41, k.

[22] H. Yan, Y.F. Yan, X.Z. Yan, Nonlinear vibration analysis of tubing strings in underground gas storage using multiscale wavelet transform, Shock Vib. 6 (2019) 1-15.

[23] T.T. Wang, X.Z. Yan, H.L. Yang, X.J. Yang, T.T. Jiang, S. Zhao, A new shape design method of salt cavern used as underground gas storag, Appl. Energy 12 (2013) 56-61.

[24] S.B. Peng, E.B. Liu, W.W. Xian, D. Wang, H. Zhang, Dynamic simulation of an underground gas storage injection-production network, J. Environ. Biol. 36 (2015) 799-806.

[25] W.C. Yu, Y. Min, W.H. Huang, K. Wen, Y. Zhang, J. Gong, An integration method for assessing the operational reliability of underground gas storage in a depleted reservoir, J. Press. Vess-T. Asme. 140 (3) (2018), 031701.

[26] L.X. Wei, H. Dong, J. Zhao, G. Zhou, Optimization model establishment and optimization software development of gas field gathering and transmission pipeline network system, J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 31 (4) (2016) 2375-2382.

[27] T.C. Zheng, Y.T. Liang, H. Sun, B.H. Wang, H.R. Zhang, A two-stage improved genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization algorithm for optimizing the pressurization scheme of coal bed methane gathering networks, J. Clean. Prod. 229 (2019) 941-955.

[28] H.R. Zhang, Y.T. Liang, J. Ma, C. Qian, X.H. Yan, An MILP method for optimal offshore oilfield gathering system, Ocean. Eng. 141 (2017) 25-34.

[29] H.R. Zhang, Y.T. Liang, W. Zhang, B.H. Wang, X.H. Yan, Q. Liao, A unified MILP model for topological structure of production well gathering pipeline network, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 152 (2017) 284-293.

[30] Q. Liu, L. Mao, F.F. Li, An intelligent optimization method for oil-gas gathering and transportation pipeline network layout, in: Presented at the 28th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2016 CCDC), Ningxia, China, 2007.

[31] L.X. Wei, Y. Liu, Z.Z. Ju, J.H. Feng, Obstacle location-allocation optimization designof looped oil/gas gathering and transportation pipe network, in: Presented at 3rd Workshopof the International-Society-for-Scientific-Inventions, Beingjing, China, 2009.

[32] O.F.M. El-Mahdy, M.E.H. Ahmed, S. Metwalli, Computer aided optimization of natural gas pipeline networks using genetic algorithm, Appl. Soft Comput. 10 (4) (2010) 1141-1150.

[33] Y. Liu, S.Q. Chen, B. Guan, P. Xu, Layout optimization of large-scale oil-gas gathering system based on combined optimization strategy, Neurocomputing 332 (2019) 2375-2382.

[34] P.M. Coelho, C. Pinho, Considerations about equations for steady state flow in natural gas pipelines, J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. 29 (3) (2007) 262-273.

[35] K.E. Starling, J.E. Powers, Enthalpy of mixtures by modified BWR equation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 9 (4) (1970) 531-537.

[36] D. Clamond, Efficient resolution of the Colebrook equation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48 (7) (2009) 3665-3671.