This paper studies the lithofacies, sedimentary facies, depositional models and reservoir architecture of the rudist-bearing Sar-3 zone of Cretaceous Sarvak in the Southwest of Iran by utilizing coring, thin section, XRD data of five coring wells and 3D seismic data. Research results include the following: According to lithofacies features and their association, the rudist-mound and tidal flat are the main microfacies in the Sar-3 depositional time. By investigating the regional tectonic setting and seismic interpretation, a depositional model was built for the Sar-3 zone, which highlights four key points: 1) The distribution of the rudist-buildup is controlled by the paleo-high. 2) The build-up outside of the wide colonize stage but reached the wave-base level in a short time by regression and formation uplift, and was destroyed by the high energy current, then forming the moundy allochthonous deposition after being dispersed and redeposited. 3) The tidal flat develops widely in the upper Sar-3, and the deposition thickness depends on the paleo-structure. The tidal channel develops in the valley and fringe of the Paleo-structure. 4) The exposure within the leaching effect by the meteoric water of the top of Sar-3 is the main controlling factor of the reservoir vertical architecture. The Sar-3 zone featured as the dualistic architecture consists of two regions: the lower is the rudist reef limestone reservoir and the upper is the tidal condense limestone interlayer. The thickness of each is controlled by the paleo-structure. The Paleo-high zone is the preferential development zone. Based on reservoir characteristics of the different zones, a targeted development strategy has been proposed. Keeping the trajectory in the middle of the oil-layer in the paleo-high, and in the paleo-low, make the trajectory crossing the oil-zone and then keep it in the lower.
Acknowledgements
This paper is sponsored by the “The optimization deployment and enhance the oil recovery of the Carbonate reservoir in the MiddleEast oilfields” of China National Oil Company(11.2011E-2501.X.01), and the Authors would like to express their sincere appreciation to Xu Zhongjun and Huang Hexiong from the Oil Reservoir Department of PetroChina International (Iran) for assistance and guidance in preparing this paper. Special thanks are also given to N. Abdi, B. Henderi and A. Derisi from the Oil Reservoir Department of PetroChina International (Iran) for their recommendations and references used in this paper.
This research was carried out as part of the South Azadegan Development Program which was prepared by colleagues from the Department of Near Eastern Studies, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development. The Authors are extremely grateful to all of them.
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