Development status of integrated CO₂ fracturing-enhanced recovery-storage technology

Abstract

Driven by the dual objectives of the global energy industry-substantially enhancing hydrocarbon recovery and achieving long-term CO₂ geological sequestration-this paper systematically reviews the development history and research status of integrated CO₂ fracturing-enhanced recovery-storage technology, with a focus on the experimental investigations of CO₂-water-rock interactions and the associated numerical simulations. Dynamic and static experiments collectively reveal the coupled dissolution-precipitation effects of CO₂-water-rock reactions on reservoir properties under different temperature, pressure and time scales. Nevertheless, several limitations persist, including a scarcity of dynamic reaction equipment and corresponding data, insufficient investigation into micromechanical behaviors, and significant scale-dependent variations in mineral reaction rates. These limitations hinder the accurate prediction of porosity and permeability evolution over geological timescales. Regarding numerical simulation, existing studies have preliminarily modeled CO₂ fracture propagation, multiphase flow, and storage behavior, with increasing use of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling models and microscale approaches such as molecular dynamics. Nevertheless, current models exhibit notable shortcomings, particularly in coupling chemical mechanisms, characterizing microscale transport-reaction processes, and simulating the integrated fracturing-enhanced recovery-storage process. These shortcomings limit the ability to accurately predict how these reactions influence fracture growth and storage efficiency. Finally, this paper identifies persistent challenges, including the complex coupling of multiple physicochemical processes and the difficulty associated with achieving integrated full-process simulation. Future research should strengthen the integration of experimental and simulation studies, develop full-process, multi-field coupled numerical models, and optimize collaborative design and real-time monitoring systems. These advancements are essential to propel this technology toward large-scale industrial application.

Keywords

CO₂ fracturing-enhanced recovery-storage / Integrated technology / Technological advances / CO₂-water-rock system / Simulation

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Jinzhou Zhao: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Conceptualization. Xin Ma: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Validation, Investigation. Yongming Li: Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Investigation, Conceptualization. Hualin Liu: Writing – review & editing, Investigation. Yu Peng: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Validation, Conceptualization.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52304046) and Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2026NSFSC0336).

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