Presenting decision tree for best mixing rules and Z-factor correlations and introducing novel correlation for binary mixtures

Abstract

The significance of gas compressibility factor in petroleum engineering encourages the researchers to employ the most accurate and precise methods for estimation of this factor. Commonly, empirical correlations due to their simplicity have been referred more than other approaches for prediction of Z-factor. There is no clear and reliable report to address an appropriate combination of correlation and mixing rule for each type of gas. In the present study, combination of several empirical correlations and mixing rules is examined and a decision tree is constructed to suggest best combination for each gas system. For this reason, 2329 experimental data were used for analysis. According to the results, Leland-Mueller mixing rule/Sanjari and Lay correlation is the best combination for sour and natural gas. Also, Van Ness-Abbot mixing rule/Hall-Yarborough correlation, Stewart-Burkhardt-Voo mixing rule/Heidarian correlation and Satter-Campbell mixing rule/Papay correlation are the most appropriate combination for gas condensate, binary and ternary mixtures respectively.

For binary mixtures, a robust and novel empirical correlation was developed based on Kay mixing rule to estimate Z-factor. The results employed how good the new correlation is in agreement with the experimental data with significant R-squared 0.9843.

Keywords

Z-factor / Mixing rules / Empirical correlations / Binary and ternary mixtures

References

[1] N. Kumar, Compressibility Factors for Natural and Sour Reservoir Gases by Correlations and Cubic Equations of State, 2004.

[2] M. MohamadiBaghmolaei, M. Mahmoudy, D. Jafari, R. MohamadiBaghmolaei, F. Tabkhi, Assessing and optimization of pipeline system performance using intelligent systems, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 18 (2014) 64-76.

[3] M. Mohamadi-Baghmolaei, F. Tabkhi, J. Sargolzaei, Exergetic approach to investigate the arrangement of compressors of a pipeline boosting station, Energy Technol. 2 (2014) 732-741.

[4] A. Danesh, PVT and Phase Behaviour of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids, Elsevier, 1998.

[5] D.H. Beggs, J.P. Brill, A study of two-phase flow in inclined pipes, J. Pet. Technol. 25 (1973) 607-617.

[6] M.B. Standing,A PressureeVolumeeTemperature Correlations, May 1980.

[7] P. Dranchuk, H. Kassem, Calculation of Z Factors for Natural Gases Using Equations of State, 1975.

[8] K. Hall, L. Yarborough, A new EOS for z-factor calculations, Oil Gas J. 82 (1973).

[9] E. Heidaryan, J. Moghadasi, M. Rahimi, New correlations to predict natural gas viscosity and compressibility factor, J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 73 (2010) 67-72.

[10] E. Sanjari, E.N. Lay, An accurate empirical correlation for predicting natural gas compressibility factors, J. Nat. Gas Chem. 21 (2012) 184-188.

[11] J. Papay, A Termelestechnologiai Parameterek Valtozasa a gazlelepk muvelese Soran. OGIL MUSZ, Tud, Kuzl, 1968, pp. 267-273. Budapest.

[12] N. Azizi, R. Behbahani, M. Isazadeh, An efficient correlation for calculating compressibility factor of natural gases, J. Nat. Gas Chem. 19 (2010) 642-645.

[13] D.G. Rayes, L. Piper, W. McCain Jr., S. Poston, Two-phase compressibility factors for retrograde gases, SPE Form. Eval. 7 (1992) 87-92.

[14] A. Satter, J.M. Campbell, Non-ideal behavior of gases and their mixtures, Soc. Pet. Eng. J. 3 (1963) 333-347.

[15] A.M. Elsharkawy, Y.S.K.S. Hashem, A.A. Alikhan, Compressibility factor for gas condensates, Energy Fuels 15 (2001) 807-816.

[16] J. Joffe, D. Zudkevitch, Prediction of Critical Properties of Mixtures. In Rigorous Procedures for Binary Mixtures, Chem. Eng. Progr. Symp. Series. 63 (81) (1967) 43.

[17] J. Prausnitz, R. Gunn, Volumetric properties of nonpolar gaseous mixtures, AIChE J. 4 (1958) 430-435.

[18] M.M. Abbott, in: Cubic Equations of State: An Interpretive Review, 1979.

[19] D.S. Wong, S.I. Sandler, A.S. Teja,Vaporeliquid equilibrium calculations by use of generalized corresponding states principle. 1. New mixing rules, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 23 (1984) 38-44.

[20] M. Mohamadi-Baghmolaei, R. Azin, S. Osfuri, R. Mohamadi-Baghmolaei, Z. Zarei, Prediction of gas compressibility factor using intelligent models, Nat. Gas. Ind. B 2 (4) (2015) 283-294.

[21] M. Atilhan, S. Ejaz, J. Zhou, D. Cristancho, I. Mantilla, J. Holste, et al., Characterization of deepwater natural gas samples. Part 1: 78% methane mixture with heavy components, J. Chem. Eng. Data 55 (2010) 4907-4911.

[22] M. Assael, N. Dalaouti, V. Vesovic, Viscosity of natural-gas mixtures: measurements and prediction, Int. J. Thermophys. 22 (2001) 61-71.

[23] T.S. Buxton, J.M. Campbell, Compressibility factors for lean natural gasecarbon dioxide mixtures at high pressure, Soc. Pet. Eng. J. 7 (1967) 80-86.

[24] L. Čapla, P. Buryan, J. Jedelský, M. Rottner, J. Linek, Isothermal pVT measurements on gas hydrocarbon mixtures using a vibrating-tube apparatus, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 34 (2002) 657-667.

[25] P. McElroy, J. Fang, C. Williamson, Second and third virial coefficients for (methane + ethane + carbon dioxide), J. Chem. Thermodyn. 33 (2001) 155-163.

[26] J.C. Seitz, J.G. Blencoe, R.J. Bodnar, Volumetric properties for {(1-x) CO₂ + xCH4}{(1-x)CO₂ + xN 2} and {(1-x)CH4 + xN2} at the pressures (9.94, 19.94, 29.94, 39.94, 59.93, 79.93, and 99.93) MPa and temperatures (323.15, 373.15, 473.15, and 573.15) K, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 28 (1996) 521-538.

[27] J.C. Seitz, J.G. Blencoe, Volumetric properties for {(1-x) CO₂ + xCH4}{(1-x)CO₂ + xN2} and {(1-x)CH4 + xN2} at the pressures (19.94, 29.94, 39.94, 59.93, 79.93, and 99.93) MPa and the temperature 673.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 28 (1996) 1207-1213.

[28] C. Chamorro, J. Segovia, M. Martín, M. Villama-nán, J. Estela-Uribe, J. Trusler, Measurement of the (pressure, density, temperature) relation of two (methane + nitrogen) gas mixtures at temperatures between 240 and 400 K and pressures up to 20 MPa using an accurate single-sinker densimeter, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 38 (2006) 916-922.

[29] B. Ababio, P. McElroy, C. Williamson, Second and third virial coefficients for (methane + nitrogen), J. Chem. Thermodyn. 33 (2001) 413-421.

[30] J.C. Seitz, J.G. Blencoe,The CO₂-H₂O system. I. Experimental determination of volumetric properties at 400 °C, 10-100 MPa, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 (1999) 1559-1569.

[31] S. Mihara, H. Sagara, Y. Arai, S. Saito, The compressibility factors of hydrogenemethane, hydrogeneethane and hydrogenepropane gaseous mixtures, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 10 (1977) 395-399.

[32] A. Fenghour, W. Wakeham, J. Watson, Densities of (water + methane) in the temperature range 430 K to 699 K and at pressures up to 30 MPa, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 28 (1996) 447-458.

[33] S.-Y. Chuang, P.S. Chappelear, R. Kobayashi, Viscosity of methane, hydrogen, and four mixtures of methane and hydrogen from -100 °C to 0 °C at high pressures, J. Chem. Eng. Data 21 (1976) 403-411.

[34] W. Kay, Density of hydrocarbon gases and vapors at high temperature and pressure, Ind. Eng. Chem. 28 (1936) 1014-1019.