The purpose of this study was to discuss shape, scale and superimposed types of sandy gravel bodies in sandy-gravel braided distributary channel. Lithofacies analysis, hierarchy bounding surface analysis and subsurface dense well pattern combining with outcrops method were used to examine reservoir architecture patterns of sandy gravel braided distributary channel based on cores, well logging, and outcrops data, and the reservoir architecture patterns of sandy gravel braided distributary channels in different grades have been established. The study shows: (1) The main reservoir architecture elements for sandy gravel braided channel delta are distributary channel and overbank sand, while reservoir flow barrier elements are interchannel and lacustrine mudstone. (2) The compound sand bodies in the sandy gravel braided delta distributary channel take on three shapes: sheet-like distributary channel sand body, interweave strip distributary channel sand body, single strip distributary channel sand body. (3) Identification marks of single distributary channel include: elevation of sand body top, lateral overlaying, “thick-thin-thick” feature of sand bodies, interchannel mudstone and overbank sand between distributary channels and the differences in well log curve shape of sand bodies. (4) Nine lithofacies types were distinguished in distributary channel unit interior, different channel units have different lithofacies association sequence.
Acknowledgments
This project is Supported by the National Science foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 41502216); Supported by the Yangtze youth Fund(2015cqn55 ).
| [1] |
W.E. Galloway, Process framework for describing the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of deltaic depositional systems, in: M.L. Broussard (Ed.), Deltas Models for Exploration, Houston Geological Society, Houston, 1975, pp. 87-98.
|
| [2] |
M.R. Gani, J.P. Bhattacharya, Basic building blocks and process variability of a Cretaceous delta; internal facies architecture reveals a more dynamic interaction of river, wave, and tidal processes than is indicated by external shape, J. Sediment. Res. 77 (4) (2007) 284-302.
|
| [3] |
T.J. Hanebuth, U. Proske, Y. Saito, et al., Early growth stage of a large deltatransformation from estuarine-platform to deltaic-progradational conditions (the northeastern Mekong River Delta, Vietnam), Sediment. Geol. 261-262 (2012) 108-119.
|
| [4] |
S.S. Liu, Y.Q. Jiao, F.J. Lang, et al., Sedimentary system and evolution sequence of Karamay Formation in outcrop area, northwestern mardin of Junggar basin, Xinjiang Pet. Geol. 20 (6) (1999) 485e489 [in Chinese].
|
| [5] |
C. Olariu, J.P. Bhattacharya, Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of river-dominated delta systems, J. Sediment. Res. 76 (2) (2006) 212-233.
|
| [6] |
Z.L. Liu, Sedimentary Anatomy of Thick Sandstones on Braided Delta Frontfor Example:Yanchang Formation in Longdong Area in Ordos Basin, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuang Chengdu, 2004, pp. 19e 30 [in Chinese].
|
| [7] |
H.A. McKeown, P.J. Bart, J.B. Anderson, High-resolution Stratigraphy of a Sandy, Ramp-type Margin, Apalachicola, Florida, U.S.A.Special Publication 79, Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2004, pp. 25-41.
|
| [8] |
W.X. He, S.H. Wu, Y.J. Tang, et al., Detailed architecture analyses of debouch bar in Shengtuo oilfield, Jiyang depression, Petroleum Explor. Dev. 32 (5) (2005) 42e46 [in Chinese].
|
| [9] |
M.J. Pranter, N.K. Sommer, Static connectivity of fluvial sandstones in a lower coastal-plain setting : an example from the upper Cretaceous lower Williams Fork Formation, Piceance Basin, Colorado, AAPG Bull. 95 (6) (2011) 899-923.
|
| [10] |
J.H. Mcpherson, G. Shanmugam, R.J. Moiola, Fan deltas and Braid deltas: conceptural problems,in: W. Nemec, R.J. Steel (Fan Deltas:Eds.), Sedimentology and Tectonic Settings, Blackie and Son, London, 1998, pp. 14-22.
|
| [11] |
Y.Q. Jiao, S.T. Li, S.G. Yang, Delta-lacustrine depositional system and coal accumulation research, Earth sci. J. China Univ. Geosciences 17 (2) (1992) 113-120.
|
| [12] |
Z.G. Xin, Architecture analyses of debouch bar of fluvial dominated delta, Geol. Rev. 54 (4) (2008) 528e531 [in Chinese].
|
| [13] |
Y.Q. Jiao, J.X. Yan, S.T. Li, et al., Architectural units and heterogeneity of channel reservoirs in the Karamay Formation, outcrop area of Karamay oil field, Junggar basin, northwest China, AAPG Bull. 89 (4) (2005) 529-545.
|
| [14] |
B.J. Jones, C.D. Woodroffe, Tropical deltas of southeast Asia-sedimentology, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology, in: Deltas in the Gulf Carpentaria, Australia:Forms, Processes, and Products, 2003, pp. 21-43. SEPM Spcial Publication NO.76.
|
| [15] |
Y.H. Li, S.H. Wu, Y.P. Li, et al., Hierarchical boundary characterization of delta front mouth bar reservoir architecture, J. Oil Gas Technol. 29 (6) (2007) 40e52 [in Chinese].
|
| [16] |
X.H. Yu, Clastic Reservoir Sedimentology 2nd Beijing, Petroleum Industry Press, 2008, pp. 339e 341 [in Chinese].
|
| [17] |
X.M. Zhu, Y. Liu, Q. Fang, et al., Formation and sedimentary model of shallow delta in large-scale lake. Example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao Sag, Songliao Basin, Earth Sci. Front. 19 (1) (2012) 89e99 [in Chinese].
|
| [18] |
Y.B. Zhou, S.H. Wu, D.L. Yue, et al. Application of the architectural analysis method of distributary sand body in Sabei Oilfield, J. Xi’an Shiyou Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 23 (5) (2008) 6e10 [in Chinese].
|
| [19] |
Z.P. Li, C.Y. Lin, B. Dong, et al., An internal structure model of subaqueous distributary channel sands of the fluvial-dominated delta, Acta Pet. Sin. 33 (1) (2012) 101e105 [in Chinese].
|
| [20] |
A.D. Miall, Architectural elements analysis: a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits, Earth Sci. Rev. 22 (4) (1985) 261-308.
|
| [21] |
A.D. Miall, Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits: anatomy of the Kayente Formation (Lower jurassic), southwest Colorado, Sediment. Geol. 55 (1988) 233-262.
|
| [22] |
M.J. Pyrcz, O. Catuneanu, C.V. Deutsch, Stochastic surface-based modeling of turbiditelobes, AAPG Bull. 89 (2) (2005) 177-191.
|
| [23] |
D.K. Ralston, W.R. Geyer, P.A. Traykovski, et al., Effects of estuarine and fluvial processes on sediment transport over deltaic tidal flats, Cont. Shelf Res. (2012) 1-18.
|
| [24] |
C.R. Thorne, P.G. Russell, M.K. Alam, Planform Pattern and Channel Evolution of the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh 75, 1993, pp. 257e 276 (1).
|
| [25] |
N. Tyler, W.A. Ambrose, Facies architecture and production characteristics of wave-dominated deltaic reservoir, Big Wells Field, southern Texas, AAPG Bull. 69 (2) (1985) 313-323.
|
| [26] |
L.F. Wen, S.H. Wu, Y.Z. Wang, et al., An accurate method for anatomizing architecture of subsurface reservoir in mouth bar of fluvial dominated delta, J. Central South Univ. Sci. Technol. 42 (4) (2011) 1072e1078 [in Chinese].
|
| [27] |
A.D. Miall, The Geology of Fluvial Deposits, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 1996, pp. 75-178.
|
| [28] |
S.H. Wu, D.L. Yue, J.M. Liu, et al., Hierarchy modeling research of reservoir architecture of river reservoir, Sci. China Ser. D 38 (Suppl. 1) (2008) 111e121 [in Chinese].
|
| [29] |
S.H. Wu, Y.L. Ji, D.L. Yue, et al., Discussion on hierarchical scheme of architectural units in clastic deposits, Geol. J. China Univ. 19 (1) (2013) 1e12 [in Chinese].
|
| [30] |
X.H. Yu, S.L. LI, S.L. LI, Texture-genetic classifications and mapping methods for deltaic deposits, Acta Sedimentol. Sin. 31 (5) (2013) 782e797 [in Chinese].
|
| [31] |
X.Q. Zhao, Z.D. Bao, Z.F. Liu, et al., An in-depth analysis of reservoir architecture of underwater distributary channel sand bodies in a river dominated delta: a case study of T 51 block, Fuyu Oilfield, Petroleum Exploration Dev. 40 (2) (2013) 181-187 [in Chinese].
|
| [32] |
L. Moscardelli, L.J. Wood, D.B. Dunlap, Shelf-edge deltas along structurally complex margins: a case study from eastern offshore Trinidad, AAPG Bull. 96 (8) (2012) 483-1522.
|
| [33] |
S.L. Yin, S.H. Wu, C.F. Xu, et al., Percolation differences of sedimentary outcrop in sand-gravel braided river: a case study of Triassic upper Karamay Formation outcrop in the northwest edge of Junggar basin, J. China Univ. Min. Technol. 43 (2) (2014) 286e293 [in Chinese].
|
| [34] |
S.L. Yin, S.H. Wu, J.F. Li, et al., The controlling effects on high frequency sequence stratigraphic architecture and depositional filling by normal drag structure, caused by contemporaneous reverse fault, Geol. Rev. 60 (2) (2014) 310e320 [in Chinese].
|
| [35] |
O. Falivene, P. Arbués, J. Ledo, et al., Synthetic seismic models from outcrop-derived reservoir-scale three-dimensional facies models: the eocene ainsa turbidite system (southern Pyrenees), AAPG Bull. 94 (3) (2010) 317-343.
|
| [36] |
J.T. Liu, R.T. HSU, J.S. Huang, Tropical deltas of southeast Asiasedimentology, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology, in: Sediment Dispersal Pattern off an Eroding Delta on the West Coast of Taiwan, 2003, pp. 45-70. SEPM Spcial Publication NO.76.
|
| [37] |
T. Nakajima, J. Peakall, W.D. McCaffrey, et al., Outer-bank bars: a new intrachannel architectural element within sinuous submarine slope channels, J. Sediment. Res. 79 (12) (2009) 872-886.
|
| [38] |
G.J. Nichols, J.A. Fisher, Processes,facies and architecture of fluvial distributary system deposits, Sediment. Geol. 195 (2007) 75-90.
|
| [39] |
C.P. North, K.S. Taylor, Ephemeral-fluvial deposits; integrated outcrop and simulation studies reveal complexity, AAPG Bull. 80 (6) (1996) 811-830.
|
PDF
