In the realm of malignant tumor treatment, particularly regarding hematologic malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years. This approach involves genetically modifying and engineering a patient's T-cells ex vivo to express a specific CAR, known as CAR-T cells.When these modified cells are reintroduced into the patient, they can specifically recognize target antigens and exhibit highly efficient cytotoxicity against cells expressing these antigens, making them suitable for the treatment of malignant tumors. CD19, which is expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes at different stages of differentiation, has been identified as a suitable target for the treatment of most B-cell lymphomas. CAR-T cells targeting CD19 have demonstrated excellent specificity, cytotoxicity, and persistence in both in vitro and clinical trials, showing tremendous potential for application. However, identifying appropriate targets for CAR-T therapy in solid tumors remains a challenge, leading to limited advancements in this area. This review discusses the mechanisms, applications, limitations, and prospects of CAR-T therapy in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, aiming to provide directions for future research in this field.
Severe trauma is a critical aspect of medical practice, profoundly impacting patient care and outcomes. Over the past 20 years, advancements in trauma care concepts and the utilization of advanced technologies have led to substantial growth in severe trauma research, evidenced by a notable increase in research activity and subsequent publications. To understand the publication landscape in severe trauma, identify prevailing research trends, and highlight areas requiring further development for future insights, we conducted a bibliometric analysis. Our analysis indicates that there are 16,939 severe trauma-related publications from the past 20 years, with a continuous increase in publication volume, particularly showing a rapid growth trend from 2018 to 2021. The United States leads in both volume and citation frequency. Moreover, we synthesized data on productive countries/regions and research institutions, showcasing extensive collaboration across diverse geographic locations and institutional affiliations. Substantial progress has been achieved in severe trauma research, particularly in clinical diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention, and pathogenesis. However, there is still a gap in adopting cutting-edge interdisciplinary methodologies. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of severe trauma research and suggests pathways for future advancement.
The rising psychological issues among cancer patients call for timely treatment. Psychological issues such as anxiety, depression, and distress are particularly common among cancer patients and have a significant impact on their treatment and prognostic outcomes. Distraction has been proven to mitigate mental disorders as a strategy of intervention. Digital tools like social short video platforms offer cost-effective mental healthcare potential, but there is a lack of longitudinal studies demonstrating their intervention effectiveness. This study aimed to assess the impact of social short video platforms on the psychological well-being of cancer patients, focusing on anxiety, depression, and distress. We studied 455 digestive system cancer patients using mixed methods. The effect on psychological symptoms was evaluated via cross-sectional analysis of 392 patients and pre-post intervention analysis of 63 patients, employing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Distress Thermometer. The findings showed lower anxiety, depression, and distress scores among regular users of social short video platforms. The intervention led to reduced anxiety and depression scores. As a prevalent app of social short video platforms, these platforms might be a safe and convenient nonpharmacological assisted tool for enhancing mental health care during cancer treatment.
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer significantly impacts immune responses within the tumor microenvironment, but its influence on cancer immunotherapy effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic significance of metabolic genes in cancer immunotherapy through a comprehensive analytical approach. Utilizing data from the IMvigor210 trial (n = 348) and validated by retrospective datasets, we performed patient clustering using non-negative matrix factorization based on metabolismrelated genes. A metabiotic score was developed using a “DeepSurv” neural network to assess correlations with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, and immunotherapy response. Validation of the metabolic score and key genes was achieved via comparative gene expression analysis using qPCR. Our analysis identified four distinct metabolic classes with significant variations in OS. Notably, the metabolism-inactive and hypoxia-low class demonstrated the most pronounced benefit in terms of OS. The metabolic score predicted immunotherapeutic benefits with high accuracy (AUC: 0.93 at 12 months). SETD3 emerged as a crucial gene, showing strong correlations with improved OS outcomes. This study underscores the importance of metabolic profiling in predicting cancer immunotherapy success. Specifically, patients classified as metabolism-inactive and hypoxia-low appear to derive substantial benefits. SETD3 is established as a promising prognostic marker, linking metabolic activity with patient outcomes, advocating for the integration of metabolic profiling into immunotherapy strategies to enhance treatment precision and efficacy.
The end of second decade in the 21st century witnessed a prominent disease outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (including most diverse omicron subvariants), where the death toll crossed the boundary of 6.9 million across the globe by December 19, 2023. All spheres of central dogma of molecular biology and host‒pathogen interaction was explored to find ways in diagnostics, isolation, curtailment, and therapy. Above all, diagnostics and therapeutics against COVID-19 took an enormous jump, which needs to be evaluated for accuracy and feasibility and requires serious compilation for current and future generations. With the same objective, this review encompasses the diverse ways including prevention practiced and proposed during the handling of this pandemic across the globe. It involves the role of mutations in viruses and subsequent epitope mapping with potential immune escape mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 variants including the conservancy of T-cell epitopes has also been highlighted. The efficacy in antigen/antibody-based diagnostics, RT‒PCR- and NGS-based confirmation of pathogen presence, and imaging (X-ray/CT-scan) for symptoms and damage assessment has been thoroughly filtered. The possibility of errors in diagnostics and their cause and consequences have also been presented for the ease of readers and further improvisers.