Planar-structured amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) film-based UV photodetectors with different ITO interdigitated electrode spacings were developed on flexible PI substrates via radio frequency magnetron sputtering and non-lithographic fabrication processes. The effects of oxygen flow rate on the surface morphology, electrical transport, and chemical bonding properties of the a-IGZO films were systematically investigated to optimize the performance of the flexible detector. The average transmittance of the flexible a-IGZO photodetector is over 90% in the visible spectral range with a large photo-to-dark current ratio of 3.9×10³ under 360 nm UV illumination. The photocurrent of the detectors increases with decreasing the electrode spacing, which is attribute to formation of higher electrical field and drifting more electron-hole pairs to the electrode with shortening the electrode spacing. Under a UV illumination intensity of 9.1 mW/cm², the highest responsivity and detectivity of the photodetector with the electrode spacing of 0.4 mm reach 62.1 mA/W and 2.83 × 10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2·W⁻¹ at 11 V bias voltage, respectively. The flexible detector exhibits enhanced photoresponse performance with the rise and decay time of 2.02 and 0.94 s, respectively. These results can be used in a practical scheme to design and realize the a-IGZO based UV photodetectors with excellent transparency and flexibility for wearable UV monitoring applications.

A novel eco-friendly charring agent (L-OH) was successfully synthesized by combining pentaerythritol (PER) with lignin through a simple two-step reaction. The structure of L-OH was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS. In addition, L-OH was introduced into polypropylene (PP) together with melamine (MEL) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an intumescent flame retardant (IFRR). The flame retardancy of PP/IFRR composites were investigated using limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter (CC) test. The experimental results indicate that the PP/IFRR composites pass the V-0 grade of the UL-94 test when the addition amount of IFRR is no less than 20%, and the LOI value of the composite reaches 32.2% at 30% IFRR addition. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of the composite decrease by 72.8% and 70.4% compared with pure PP, respectively. The flame retardancy mechanism was investigated by TGA, TG-FTIR and residual carbon analysis. These analyses indicate that L-OH can form a more continuous and dense carbon layer during the combustion process, which is the main factor contributing to the improved flame retardancy of PP.

Silica fibers were modified by a specific ratio of SiB6 mixed with silica sol through vacuum impregnation method. The modified fibers were then incorporated into a phenolic resin matrix to prepare fiber-reinforced resin composites. The influences of the SiB₆/SiO₂ mixed modification on silica fiber properties were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Additionally, the influence of the SiB₆/SiO₂ mixed modification on the mechanical properties of phenolic resin matrix composites was evaluated through mechanical testing. The experimeatal results indicate that the SiB₆/SiO₂ mixed surface modification shows significant improvement in strength at room temperature and high temperatures, and crystallization temperature of silica fiber increases. The SiB₆/Silica sol co-modified silica fiber shows potential for future application in thermal protection and other high-temperature conditions.

Laser etching and laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) techniques were proposed for the rapid preparation of high-purity, strongly bonded SiC porous micro-nano-coatings on quartz substrates. The laser serves as an external driving force for the vertical growth of SiC whiskers, facilitating the formation of a porous nanostructure that resembles coral models found in the macroscopic biological world. The porous nanostructures are beneficial for reducing thermal expansion mismatch and relieving residual stress. It is capable of eliminating the cracks on the surface of SiC coatings as well as enhancing the bonding of SiC coatings with quartz substrates to avoid coating detachment.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels doped with cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarboxylic acid (CHA) were successfully prepared during drying and swelling. Structural and morphological characterizations suggest the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the material undergo esterification during the preparation of the material, which contributes to the high transparency with 90% transmittance in the 400 to 800 nm range and robust mechanical properties of the material with a tensile strength at a break of 27.55 MPa. It is noteworthy that the bending and torsion angles exhibit a strong linear correlation with electrical resistance, enabling the monitoring of the bending motion state of each human body segment.

BiVO₄ is an ideal photocatalysts for H₂O₂ generation due to its suitable band edge. In practice, however, the photocatalytic performance of BiVO₄ is substantially low owing to the slow kinetics of 2e⁻ O₂ reduction (2e⁻ ORR) and water oxidation (WOR) processes. To solve the problems, in this work, the AuPd alloy cocatalyst and the NiOOH cocatalys were modified on the electron (010) facets and the (110) hole facet of BiVO₄ by photodeposition method. The designed AuPd/BiVO₄/NiOOH(0.5%) photocatalyst showed prominent photocatalytic H₂O₂ production activity of 289.3 µmmol·L⁻¹ with an AQE value of 0.89% at 420 nm, which was increased by 40 times compared with the BiVO₄ sample (7.1 µmmolµL⁻¹). The outstanding photocatalytic activity of the AuPd/BiVO₄/NiOOH photocatalyst can be attributed to the synergistic effect of AuPd and NiOOH cocatalysts, which promoted the kinetics of oxygen reduction and water oxidation, and concurrently facilitated the charge separation. The present strategy of dual-cocatalyst rational assembly on different facets of BiVO₄ provides an insight into explore efficient BiVO₄-based materials for H₂O₂ production.

We presented the preparation and analysis of La_1−xK_xCoO₃ (x = 0.1–0.4) catalysts, supported on microwave-absorbing ceramic carriers, using the sol-gel method. We systematically investigated the effects of various reaction conditions under microwave irradiation (0–50 W). These conditions included reaction temperatures (300–600 °C), oxygen concentrations (0–6%), and varying K⁺ doping levels on the catalysts’ activity. The crystalline phase, microstructure, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst were analyzed by XRD, TEM, H₂-TPR, and O₂-TPD. The experimental results reveal that La_1−xK_xCoO₃ (x = 0.1–0.4) catalysts consistently form homogeneous perovskite nanoparticles across different doping levels. The NO decomposition efficiency on these catalysts initially increases and then decreases with variations in doping amount, temperature, and microwave power. Additionally, an increase in oxygen concentration positively influences NO conversion rates. The optimal performance is observed with La_0.7K_0.3CoO₃ catalyst under conditions of x = 0.3, 400 °C, 10 W microwave power, and 4% oxygen concentration, achieving a peak NO conversion rate of La_0.7K_0.3CoO₃ catalyst is 93.1%.

Calcium-barium sulfo-ferritealuminate (C₃BA_3−yF_y$) was synthesized by doping Ba-bearing calcium sulphoaluminate(C₃BA₃$) with Fe³⁺. The effects of calcination temperature, holding time and Fe-doping concentration on the solid-state reaction process of the C₃BA_3−yF_y$ (y=0, 0.2, 0.25, 0.4, and 0.6) were investigated by the Rietveld/XRD quantitative phase analysis. The experimental results show that Fe-doping not only significantly improvs the synthesis of C₃BA_3−yF_y$, but also reduces the solid-state reaction potential energy barrier and then promots mineral formation. Nevertheless, the mineral begins to decompose when the Fe/Al ratio exceeds 2/13 and the calcination temperature exceeds 1 300 °C. The Ginstling equation is found to be the most appropriate kinetic model for the statistical fitting of C₃BA_3−yF_y$ formation process, based on the mathematical model. It is observed that the apparent activation energy of C₃BA_3−yF_y$ decreases and then increases with increasing Fe-doping concentration.

The occurrence of tetragonal to monoclinic phase (t→m) transformation in zirconia ceramics under humid ambient conditions induces the low-temperature degradation (LTD). Such t→m transformation could be suppressed by grain size refinement or/and doping small amounts of alumina. Fine-grained dense 3mol% yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering a zirconia powder doped with 0.25wt% alumina. The LTD behaviors of as-prepared 3Y-TZP ceramics were evaluated by accelerated aging at 134 °C in water. The samples sintered at 1 300 °C for 2 h achieve the relative density higher than 99.9% with the average grain size of 147 nm. The 3Y-TZP ceramic exhibits excellent LTD resistance that no t→m transformation takes place after 125 h accelerated aging. Large amounts of defects were observed inside grains evidenced by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) analysis. It is proposed that the presence of defects enhances the sintering kinetics and favors the present low-temperature densification. Possible reasons for defects formation were discussed and the mechanical properties of the 3Y-TZP ceramic were reported as well.

Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe₂Ta(Al) eutectic composites with solidification rates of 6, 20, 30, and 80 µm/s were prepared by a modified Bridgman directional solidification technology. The coarse Fe₂Ta(Al) Laves phase was precipitated at the eutectic colony boundary during the solidification process, which can affect the stability of microstructure and properties of the composites. The coarse Laves phase was refined using different heat treatment processes in the present paper. The influences of different heat treatment parameters on the Laves phase content, lamella/rod spacing, and mechanical properties were investigated in detail. In addition, the corrosion behaviors of Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe₂Ta(Al) eutectic composites before and after being annealed heat treatment in a 3 g/L Na₂S₂O₃ solution were also studied. It is shown that both the content of Laves phase and lamella/rod spacing are gradually decreased after heat treatment. Micro-hardness is decreased, while the yield strength, compressive strength, and corrosion resistance are improved. The optimum heat treatment process is selected as well.

The adsorption of phosphate was conducted by the complex of chitosan/polyacrylamide/ferric(CS/PAM/Fe(III)) prepared. The SEM images and XPS spectra confirmed the successful adsorption of phosphate. The adsorption process was studied by varying the influencing aspects like pH, co-existing ions, contact time, and initial phosphate concentration. The experimental results indicate that the adsorptive capacity decreases with the increase of pH. However, it is commendable that there is still a adsorption capacity of more than 5 mg/g when the pH is 8–11. The adsorption kinetics can be accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model and is controlled by both chemisorption and surface diffusion. The adsorption process is a single layer adsorption. This paper proposed that the adsorption mechanism of CS/PAM/Fe(III) complex is the joint action of electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange.

We focus on a novel and economical route for the synthesis of Si fertilizer via the calcination method using lithium pyroxene acid-leaching residues as the starting materials. The molar ratio of Si/K/Ca of 1:1.4:0.8, calcination temperature of 900 °C and calcination time of 120 min were identified as the optimal conditions to maximize the available Si content of the prepared Si fertilizer. The performance of the resulting product satisfies the Chinese agricultural standard for silica fertilizers, providing a new solution for the large-scale harmless and sustainable reuse of lithium pyroxene tailings. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization elucidated the formation mechanism of silica fertilizers, and identified KAlSiO₄ and K₄CaSi₃O₉ as the primary silicates products. Observation of the surface morphology of the samples was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and compositional analysis of the micro-regions. The acceleration action of CaCO₃ in the decomposition process of lithium pyroxene acid-leaching residues was demonstrated by the thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) test. Determination of heavy metal elements in Si fertilizer was performed by ICP-OES. Potting experiments confirmed that the best growth of pakchoi was achieved when 5 g·kg⁻¹ of Si fertilizer was applied. These evidence suggests that the Si fertilizer prepared in this study is a promising candidate for a silica-supplemented soil.

This study introduced a low-temperature thermochemical method for the treatment of EMR in the presence of carbide slag (CS) to achieve an economical and efficient harmless effect. The experimental results indicate that, under suitable conditions, the NH₄⁺ and Mn²⁺ contents in EMR decrease notably with the increasing CS content, accompanied by an increase in pH value. Furthermore, the concentration of NH₄⁺ in EMR considerably decreases with the increasing liquid-to-solid ratio, eventually stabilizing. Similarly, the pH value first increases and then decreases, ultimately stabilizing. At a CS content of 12% and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7, the leaching concentrations of NH₄⁺ and Mn²⁺ in EMR (127.7 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/L, respectively) fall below the standard detection limit (2 mg/L), with the pH measuring 8.26, meeting the conditions outlined in the GB 8978. NH₄⁺ is converted to NH₃, while Mn²⁺ is transformed into solid precipitates such as Mn(OH)₂, Mn₂O₃, MnO₂, Ca₃Mn₂O₇, and Ca₂MnO₄. The majority of manganese ions exist in trivalent or tetravalent states and remain stable over time. The cost of using CS as a reagent for treating 1 ton of EMR is merely $1.01. The high OH⁻ concentration provided by CS enables the effective removal of NH₄⁺ from EMR and the solidification of Mn²⁺ during thermal reactions.

In view of the volume instability of steel slag aggregate leading to the quality problem of expansion damage in asphalt road construction, the 4.75–9.5 mm steel slag particles were treated by autoclaved carbonation technology, and the effects of the carbonation system (temperature and time) on the autoclaved pulverization rate, f-CaO content, and the relationship between them for the carbonated steel slag were investigated. In addition, the microstructure of the carbonated steel slag was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), metallographic microscope and X-ray fluorescence imaging spectrometer (XRF). The experimental results indicate that, under the initial CO₂ pressure of 1.0 MPa, increasing the carbonation temperature leads to the increase in the crystal plane spacing of Ca(OH)₂ that was generated by the hydration of minerals in steel slag, and promotes the transformation of carbonated CaCO₃ from the orthorhombic system to the hexagonal system, resulting in the increase of the crystal planes spacing of them, meantime, accelerates the decomposition of RO phases and also the outward migration of Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Mn²⁺ ions to cover and coat on the Si⁴⁺, Al³⁺ ions, and impels the formation of hydroxides such as Fe(OH)₃ and the formation of carbonates such as Ca(Mg)CO₃, FeCO₃ and MnCO₃. Carbonation at the temperature of 90 °C for 3 h can reach the center of 4.75–9.5 mm steel slag particles. Meanwhile, the increase of temperature can promote the mineral reaction in steel slag, resulting in the fuzzy interface between mineral phases, increase of burrs, dispersion, crossover, reduction of grain size, and rearrangement of mineral particles.

Microstructures and properties of mortar using ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate were tested and compared in this case. Moreover, two cementitious additions and two lightweight aggregates, including fly ash, redispersible latex powder, ceramsite sand, and rubber powder, were respectively tried to be applied in magnesium ammonium phosphate cement mortar in order to modify the microstructures and properties. The experimental results show that potassium phosphate is not suitable for magnesium phosphate cement mortar for cold region construction purpose. Although fly ash can bring positive modification in the condition of normal temperature curing, it brings negative effects in the condition of sub-zero temperature curing. Either redispersible latex powder or ceramsite sand can improve the freeze-thaw cycling resistance of magnesium phosphate cement mortar in the conditions of low temperature coupled with freeze-thaw cycling, but only the ceramsite sand can improve both mechanical properties and freeze-thaw cycling resistance. The modification caused by ceramsite sand is mainly due to the exceptional bonding strength between hardened cement paste and the porous surface of ceramsite and the porous structure of ceramsite for the release of frost heave stress.

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI) is considered as one of the hazardous wastes and requires to be well disposed to reduce the contaminant to the environment. Reference to the production of coal fly ash (FA) bricks, MSWI and FA were utilized to prepare autoclaved MSWI-FA block samples. Ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis technology was used for production to explore the effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment. Compressive strength, dry density, and water absorption tests were conducted to determine the optimal ultrasonic parameters. Ultrasonic pre-treating mechanisms were investigated by SEM, FT-IR, particle size analysis, and BET. Furthermore, the micro-analyses of block samples were conducted. The heavy metal leaching concentration was studied to assess the environmental safety. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic pre-treating time, water bath temperature, and ultrasonic power of 3 h, 30 °C, and 840 W are the optimal, under which the compressive strength, dry density, and water absorption were 8.14 MPa, 1 417.48 kg/m³, and 0.38, respectively. It is shown that ultrasound destroys the surface structure of raw materials and smaller FA particles embed into MSWI. The particle size distribution of pre-treated raw materials mixture is wider and total pore volume is decreased by 6.3%. During hydrothermal processing, more Al-substituted tobermorite crystals are generated, which is the main source of higher strength and smaller pore volume of prepared block samples. The solidification/stabilization rates of Cu, Pb, and Zn increased by 30.77%, 4.76%, and 35.29%, respectively. This study shows a feasible way to utilize MSWI as raw material for construction.

The multi-objective optimization of backfill effect based on response surface methodology and desirability function (RSM-DF) was conducted. Firstly, the test results show that the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) increases with cement sand ratio (CSR), slurry concentration (SC), and curing age (CA), while flow resistance (FR) increases with SC and backfill flow rate (BFR), and decreases with CSR. Then the regression models of UCS and FR as response values were established through RSM. Multi-factor interaction found that CSR-CA impacted UCS most, while SC-BFR impacted FR most. By introducing the desirability function, the optimal backfill parameters were obtained based on RSM-DF (CSR is 1:6.25, SC is 69%, CA is 11.5 d, and BFR is 90 m³/h), showing close results of Design Expert and high reliability for optimization. For a copper mine in China, RSM-DF optimization will reduce cement consumption by 4 758 t per year, increase tailings consumption by about 6 700 t, and reduce CO₂ emission by about 4 758 t. Thus, RSM-DF provides a new approach for backfill parameters optimization, which has important theoretical and practical values.

In order to study the effects of the contents of used mortar recycled aggregate (OMRA) and brick recycled aggregate (BRA) on the deformation properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), under uniaxial compression conditions, The RAC of OMRA (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and BRA (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) were studied. The experimental results show that, under uniaxial compression, the interfacial relationships of RAC containing OMRA and BRA between different materials are more complex, and the failure mechanism is also more complex. The content of OMRA and BRA had significant influence on the deformation behavior of RAC. When the content of OMRA and BRA is high, it is difficult for existing formulas and models to accurately represent the actual value. In this study, the influence of OMRA and BRA content is taken into account, and the existing formulas for calculating concrete deformation are modified, so that these formulas can more accurately calculate the elastic modulus, peak strain and ultimate strain of recycled concrete. The stressstrain formula of Guo concrete fits the stress-strain curve of concrete very well. We modified the formula on the basis of Guo formula to make the formula more suitable for the stress-strain curve of recycled concrete containing old mortar and brick, and the theoretical model proposed has better fitting accuracy. The study provides a valuable reference for nonlinear analysis of recycled aggregate concrete structures under different proportions of OMRA and BRA.

The degradation performance of pervious concrete containing TiO₂/LDHs-loaded recycled aggregates for NO gas was analyzed using a gas phase catalytic degradation test device, simulating different environmental conditions such as load, ambient temperature, and illumination intensity, which provides theoretical support for practical engineering. The experimental results indicate that when the ambient temperature is controlled at 25 °C and the illumination intensity is 30 W/m², the sample prepared by soaking recycled aggregates in a 0.8% TiO₂/LDHs suspension exhibits the highest photocatalytic degradation rate for NO gas, reaching 72.54%. Further investigation on the influence of environmental temperature reveals that, at 25 °C, the maximum photocatalytic degradation rate for NO gas is 72.9%. Moreover, at an illumination intensity of 40 W/m², the maximum photocatalytic degradation rate for NO gas is 87.08%. Additionally, after three repeated photocatalytic tests, the sample demonstrates good stability, with a photocatalytic degradation rate of 58%. The nitrogen content in the eluent obtained from soaking the sample was determined to be 0.0022 mol/L, with a recovery rate of 80%. The adsorption experiment demonstrates that the sample exhibits a favorable adsorption effect on nitrate ions, reaching a maximum of 56.8%.

A new type of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) was prepared based on calcined MgO powder from hydromagnesite in Tibet, China, with the addition of MgCl₂, a by-product of potassium extraction from the salt lake. The effect of MgO on the microstructure and properties of magnesium oxychloride cement was investigated under different calcination temperatures and time of hydromagnesite, and the hydration process, pore structure and hydration products of the materials were investigated by isothermal calorimeter, MIP, XRD, and SEM, and the mechanical properties of the materials were examined by compressive strength test. The compressive strength test shows that under the optimal conditions (800 °C-2 h), the compressive strength of MOC is 75.65 MPa for 7 d and 87.98 MPa for 28 d in the indoor environment. The main exothermic period of MOC is delayed by about 10 h compared with that of 500 °C-2 h and extended by about 30 h in the process of MOC preparation, which led to the alleviation of the exothermic concentration phenomenon, and the initial solidification time of the MOC specimens is 5.25 h, and the final solidification time is 11.82 h. The MOC phase maintained in indoor air for 28 d mainly consist of P5 and unreacted MgO, and the P5 in the matrix shows the slat-like shape and fills the gaps in the form of needles and rods, and the total porosity is 18.55%.

To guarantee the efficient and high-value reutilization of waste concrete from construction waste, the waste concrete was mechanically ground, and three degrees of fineness recycled concrete powder (RCP) were obtained by different grinding time. By analyzing the particle characteristics of RCP with different fineness, the filling-densification effect of cement-RCP cementitious material system was quantitatively investigated based on Andreasen, Fuller, and Aim-Goff models. In addition, the macroscopic mechanical properties of cement paste mixed with RCP were studied, and the influencing mechanisms of RCP on the microstructure of cement paste was revealed. Macroscopic research results show that the particle fineness of RCP after grinding is smaller than that of cement. When the RCP replaces 0% to 20% cement, the packing density based on the Aim-Goff model increases with the increase of RCP content, whereas the macro-mechanical properties first improve and then degrade with the increase of RCP content. Microscopic results show that at 5% RCP content, beneficial hydration products such as C-S-H and beneficial pore increase in cement-RCP paste; while at >15% content, beneficial products decrease and harmful substances such as Ca(OH)₂ and harmful pore increases. These research findings suggest that the incorporation of RCP can make the cementitious system denser, and the appropriate RCP content can improve the macro- and microscopic properties of cement-based materials.

Seven sets of concrete containing different mass ratios of nano-SiO₂ (0%–5.0%) and nano-CaCO₃ (0%–1.5%) were designed. A total of 28 concrete cube specimens cured for 7 and 28 days were tested for compressive strength (14 specimens) and split tensile strength (14 specimens), while 7 cylindrical specimens cured for 28 days were tested for impact resistance. The impact resistance of the concrete specimens was quantitatively analyzed by using impact strength (f_a) and wear rate (L_a), and the effect of dual incorporation of nano-SiO₂ and nano-CaCO₃ on the microstructure of concrete was further investigated by XRD and SEM. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of 5.0% nano-SiO₂ and 1.5% nano-CaCO₃ improves the mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete most significantly, and the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and impact resistance increase by around 37.80%, 35.31%, and 183.36%, respectively, compared with that of ordinary concrete. At the microscopic level, nano-SiO₂ reacts with C-H in a secondary hydration reaction to increase the number of C-S-H gels, which improves the pore structure in the matrix and favorably enhances the adhesion between aggregate and cement paste in the weakened layer, thus improving the abrasion resistance of concrete.

In view of the increased focus on “green” and sustainable development and compliance with the national strategy for “carbon peak and carbon neutrality,” this study investigated the effect of replacing cement (0–20%) with limestone powder (stone powder) as a mineral admixture on the micro, meso, and macro properties of mortar. First, the applicability of stone powder was examined based on the physical filling and heat of hydration of stone powder-cement. Second, micro-meso testing methods, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance, were utilized to reveal the influencing mechanisms of stone powder on the microstructure of the mortar. Furthermore, the effect of stone powder on the compressive strength and gas permeability of the mortar was analyzed. Additionally, the time-dependent variations in the gas permeability and its functional relationship with the mechanical properties were determined. Finally, the correlation between the compressive strength and gas permeability with respect to the pore size of stone powder-doped mortar was established via gray-correlation analysis. The results show that an appropriate amount of stone powder (5%) can effectively improve the particle gradation, decelerate the release of the heat of hydration, increase the amount of hydration products, and improve the pore structure, thereby increasing the compressive strength and reducing the gas permeability coefficient. The gas permeability of stone powder-doped mortar was found to exhibit good time-dependent characteristics as well as a quadratic linear correlation with the compressive strength. The gray-correlation analysis results indicate that air pores exhibit the highest influence on the compressive strength and that the gas permeability coefficient is most significantly affected by large pores.

We examined the enhancing effects of different dosages of product of Centrifugation of Bacterial Liquid (product of CBL) on the performance of slag-fGD gypsum-cement-bentonite-sludge system using MICP technology. We analyzed the multifaceted performance of the solidified sludge from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. The experimental results reveal that the increase in product of CBL dosage results in positive impacts on the solidified sludge, including higher side compressive strength, lower leachate heavy metal concentration, and improved crack repair rates. At a 0.4% product of CBL doping concentration, the strength of the solidified sludge is enhanced by 26.6% at 3 d, 61.2% at 7 d, and 13.9% at 28 d when compared to the unmodified solidified sludge. After 28 days, the concentrations of Zn and Cu ions reduce by 58% and 18%, respectively, and the crack repair rate is 58.4%. These results demonstrate that the increase in heavy metal concentration in the leachate leads to an increase in the strength of the solidified sludge. The strengthening procedure heavily relies on the mineralisation reaction of Bacillus pasteurii, which produces a substantial amount of CaCO₃ to cement the particles and fill the pores initially. The modified solidifying sludge exhibits a self-repairing effect and an enhanced multifaceted performance as a result of oxygen being restored after crack formation and reactivation of Bacillus pasteurii. Such conditions facilitate the body’s recovery.

In order to avoid the waste of iron caused by the direct use of ferronickel slag (FNS) in building materials, the effects of reduction iron extraction on the physical and chemical properties, cementitious reactivity and hydration reaction characteristics of FNS and ferrum extraction tailing of nickel slag (FETNS) were studied. The experimental results show that the reduction ferrum extraction method changes the mineral phase composition of the waste slag, breaks the Si-O-Si bond, forms the tetrahedral structure of Si-O-NBO or Si-O-2NBO, and increases the content of active components such as Ca, Si, Mg, and Al. Compared with FNS, the 28 d compressive strength of pastes prepared by FETNS increases by 16.12%, 22.57%, 33.13%, 44.26%, and 57.65%, respectively. The degree of hydration reaction of the composite cementitious systems in the FETNS group is higher than that in the FNS group at different ages, and the content of hydration products such as C-S-H gel and ettringite (AFt) is also higher than that in the FNS group. More hydration products can improve the curing ability to Cr and Mn of the composite cementitious systems in the FETNS group, and reduce the leaching value of Cr and Mn.

CGCS (coal gasification coarse slag) and desert sand composite aggregate replacing river sand for the preparation of concrete (coal gasification coarse slag and desert sand composite fine aggregate concrete, abbreviated as CDFC) were investigated to study the effect of different CGCS dosages, the sand rate of concrete, and the dosage of fly ash (FA) in cementitious material on the mechanical properties of the concrete and the excessive zone at the aggregate interface. The experimental results show that, with the increase of CGCS admixture, the CDFC water-cement ratio decreases, and the strength shows first increase and then decrease; with the increase of concrete sand rate, the CDFC strength shows first increase and then decrease, and with the increase of FA, the CDFC strength shows first increase and then decrease, when the dosage of cementitious material is 360 kg/m³, the composite fine aggregate dosage is 872 kg/m³, and the coarse aggregate dosage is 983 kg/m³, the maximum compressive strength of its CGCS is 47.4 MPa. The microstructures of CGCS and hydration products were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that the CDFC as fine aggregate can generate hydration products such as hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-S-H) in the transition zone of the concrete interface, which can greatly improve the weak zones of the concrete, and improve the strength.

New stared compounds including norfloxacin fragments were prepared via a multi-step route, which were employed as the target corrosion inhibitors (TCIs) for mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution. For comparisons, the linear compounds including a single norfloxacin part employed as the reference corrosion inhibitors (RCIs) were synthesized. The molecular structures of the stared compounds were confirmed. The material simulation calculations suggest the presence of large binding energies of the stared compounds on mild steel surface. The enhanced chemisorption of the stared compounds on mild steel surface was demonstrated, which could be resulted by the chemical complexion of the target stared molecules with iron atoms. The reinforced adsorption of the target compounds on mild steel surface was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical analyses reveal the super protection of the TCIs for mild steel in HCl solution, and the anticorrosion efficiency reaches 96.45% (TCI1, 0.050 mM) and 96.61% (TCI2, 0.010 mM) at 298 K.

High molecular weight poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-isosorbide 2,5-furandicarboxylate) copolyesters (PBSIF-x) were synthesized via melt-polycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), with varying ratios of isosorbide (ISB) and 1,4-butylene glycol (BDO) catalyzed by antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃). The PBSIF-x structures were investigated using FTIR and ¹H NMR, while the GPC analysis exhibited the copolyesters molecular weights with number average molecular mass (M_n) in the range of 11 079–15 153 g/mol. The DSC results show that PBSIF-x copolyesters have a single glass-transition temperature (T_g) (77.45–110.96 °C), increasing with the increase in ISB content, while TGA analysis demonstrates excellent thermal stability up to 320 °C. From the thermal result, properties of PBSIF-x copolyesters are found to be within the interval of their parent homologues poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) and poly(isosorbide 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PIF), which confirms the aromatic/aliphatic blending within the polymer matrix for enhanced polymer stability and performance.

The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizing the physical indexes, chemical compositions and rheological parameters. The experimental results show that the SBS pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin improve the dispersion performance of SBS in asphalt as well as the strength of SBS polymer network structures, and the synergistic effects decrease the volatilization degree of asphalt lightweight components and the degradation rate of SBS during the aging process. The anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt (SBSMA) was significantly enhanced by SBS pre-swelling/extraction process compounded with the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin, and the anti-aging effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of C9 petroleum resin content.

The multi-scale modeling combined with the cohesive zone model (CZM) and the molecular dynamics (MD) method were preformed to simulate the crack propagation in NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs). The metallographic microscope and image processing technology were employed to achieve a quantitative grain size distribution of NiTi alloys so as to provide experimental data for molecular dynamics modeling at the atomic scale. Considering the size effect of molecular dynamics model on material properties, a reasonable modeling size was provided by taking into account three characteristic dimensions from the perspective of macro, meso, and micro scales according to the Buckingham π theorem. Then, the corresponding MD simulation on deformation and fracture behavior was investigated to derive a parameterized traction-separation (T-S) law, and then it was embedded into cohesive elements of finite element software. Thus, the crack propagation behavior in NiTi alloys was reproduced by the finite element method (FEM). The experimental results show that the predicted initiation fracture toughness is in good agreement with experimental data. In addition, it is found that the dynamics initiation fracture toughness increases with decreasing grain size and increasing loading velocity.

The evolution of the microstructure and morphology of Cu55Ni45 and Cu60Ni40 alloys under varying degrees of undercooling was investigated through molten glass purification and cyclic superheating technology. By increasing the Cu content, the effect of Cu on the evolution of the microstructure and morphology of the Cu-Ni alloy during undercooling was studied. The mechanism of grain refinement at different degrees of undercooling and the effect of Cu content on its solidification behaviour were investigated. The solidification behaviour of Cu55Ni45 and Cu60Ni40 alloys was investigated using infrared thermometry and high-speed photography. The results indicate that both Cu55Ni45 and Cu60Ni40 alloy melts undergo only one recalescence during rapid solidification. The degree of recalescence increases approximately linearly with increasing undercooling. The solidification front of the alloy melts undergoes a transition process from a small-angle plane to a sharp front and then to a smooth arc. However, the growth of the subcooled melt is constrained to a narrow range, facilitating the formation of a coarse dendritic crystal morphology in the Cu-Ni alloy. At large undercooling, the stress breakdown of the directionally growing dendrites is primarily caused by thermal diffusion. The strain remaining in the dendritic fragments provides the driving force for recrystallisation of the tissue to occur, which in turn refines the tissue.