The surface treatment of silica fume with silane coupling agent prior to incorporation in a cement mortar resulted in composites exhibiting increases in loss tangent by 5%–200% and storage modulus by 10%–20%, relative to the value obtained by using as-received silica fune. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicate that there is a morphological difference in the cement paste with treated and as-received silica fume. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectrum analyses and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) have provided evidence to understand the reaction mechanism between treated silica fume and the hydrate product of cement. This has led to the establishment of an initial microscopic model describing the damping behavior of cement matrix.

A group of liquid catalysts composed of nicotinic amide functioning on the anode of DMFC were investigated at a Pt electrode, which were nicotinic amide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) and its phosphate (NAD(P)⁺). The kinetics of methanol anode oxidation in the three reaction systems was compared by measuring potentiodynamic current-potential curves and AC impedances. The experimental results show that the dynamic behavior of methanol oxidation at a Pt electrode has been changed with adding the three substances. The influence of temperature on the catalysis of these coenzymes and nicotinic amide was discussed by comparing the AC impedances spectra of methanol oxidation at different temperatures.

By means of different checks and measures, we observed and analysed the microstructure of Fe−Al/Al₂O₃ composite material. We found that not only intragranular nanostructure grains and rod-like crystals but also fine-grained structure of the composite material as well as the bridging of the Fe−Al intermetallics compound contribute to the material's strength and toughness. It is shown that the strengthening and toughening of the Fe−Al/Al₂O₃ composite is the joint effect of a multiplicate strengthening and toughening mechanism.

TiAl/Ti₂ AlC composites were prepared by in-situ hot pressing of Ti/Al/C powders mixtures and sintered at different temperatures were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of samples. The reaction procedure of Ti-Al-C system could be divided into three stages. Below 900°C, Ti reacts with Al to form TiAl intermetallics; above 900°C, C reacts with remain Ti to form TiC triggered by the exothermal reaction of Ti and Al; TiAl reacts with TiC to produce dense TiAl/Ti₂ AlC composites. In the holding stage, ternary Ti₂AlC develops to layered polycrystal and composites pyknosis in the meanwhile. The mechanism of synthesis and microstructure was especially discussed.

The clayish crushed stone was used for making aerated concrete. Through studying hydro-thermal synthesis reaction, mix ratio, gas-forming and performance analysis, Grade-B05 and Grade-B06 aerated concrete were prepared successfully. The proper mix ratio and key processing parameters were achieved. The microstructure of aerated concrete with crush stone was analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. The experimental results indicate that the hydration products are poorly crystalline C-S-H (B), tobermorite and hydrogarnet. No component of clay was found. Unreacted SiO₂ can be in existence, and the structure system of aerated concrete is homogeneous and dense.

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and property of Ti₃SiC₂ and Al-doped was studied by density function and discrete variation (DFT-DVM) method. When Al element is added into Ti₃SiC₂, there is a less difference of ionic bond, which does not play a leading role to influent the properties. After adding Al, the covalent bond of Al and the near Ti becomes somewhat weaker, but the covalent bond of Al and the Si in the same layer is obviously stronger than that of Si and Si before adding. Therefore, in preparation of Ti₃SiC₂, adding a proper quantity of Al can promote the formation of Ti₃SiC₂. The density of state shows that there is a mixed conductor character in both of Ti₃SiC₂ and adding Al element. Ti₃SiC₂ is with more tendencies to form a semiconductor. The total density of state near Fermi lever after adding Al is larger than that before adding, so the electric conductivity may increase after adding Al.

The forming limit diagrams (FLD) of AZ31 B magnesium alloy sheet were tested by means of the electro etching grid method based on the forming experiment of magnesium alloy sheet carried out with a BCS-30 D sheet forming testing machine and the strain testing analysis made with an advanced ASAME automatic strain measuring system. Experiments show that, at room temperature, the mechanical properties and deep drawing performance of AZ31 B cold-rolled magnesium alloy sheet were so poor that it failed to test the forming limit diagrams without an ideal forming and processing capacity, while the hot-rolled magnesium alloy sheet was of a little better plasticity and forming performance after testing its forming limit diagrams. It can be concluded that the testing of the forming limit curves (FLC) offers the theoretical foundation for the drawing of the deep drawing and forming process of magnesium alloy sheet.

The determination of trace impurities in high purity zinc oxide by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) was investigated. To overcome some potentially problematic spectral interference, measurements were acquired in both middle and high resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the presence of excess HCl and zinc were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the determination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits ranged from 0.02μg/g to 6 μg/g depending on the elements. The experimental results for the determination of Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, Sb and Pb in several high purity zinc oxide powders were presented.

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by PECVD, and poly-crystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin films were prepared by aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC). The effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure and morphology were investigated. The AIC poly-Si thin films were characterized by XRD, Raman and SEM. It is found that a-Si thin film has a amorphous structure after annealing at 400°C for 20 min, a-Si films begin to crystallize after annealing at 450°C for 20 min, and the crystallinity of a-Si thin films is enhanced obviously with the increment of annealing temperature.

The dried gel of SrFe₁₂O₁₉, prepared by citrate approach, was investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermograimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorinetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal instability and the thermal decomposition of low-temperature strontium M-type hexaferrite crystallized at about 600°C were confirmed for the first time by XRD method. The decomposition of the low-temperature strontium M-type hexaferrite took place at about 688.6°C determined by DSC investigation. The low-temperature strontium M-type hexaferrite nanoparticles were decomposed into SrFeO_2.5 with an orthorthombic cell and Fe₂O₃ with a tetragonal cell as well as possible α-Fe₂O₃. The agglomerated particles with sizes less than 200 nm obtained at 800°C were plesiomorphous to strontium M-type hexaferrite. The thermally stable strontium M-type hexaferrite nanoparticles with size less than 100 nm could take place at 900°C. Up to 1000°C, the phase transformation to form strontium M-type hexaferrite was ended, the calcinations with the sizes more than 1 μm were composed of α-Fe₂O₃ and strontium M-type hexaferrite. The method of distinguishing γ-Fe₂O₃ with a spinel structure from Fe₂O₃ with tetragonal cells by using powder XRD method was proposed. Fe₂O₃ with tetragonal cells to be crystallized before the crystallization of thermally stable strontium M-type hexaferrite was confirmed for the first time. The reason why α-Fe₂O₃ as an additional phase appears in the calcinations is the cationic vacancy of strontium M-type hexaferrite,SrFe _l2-x▭_x O ₁₉(0⩽x⩽0.5). 3

LiMn_1.8Co_0.2O_3.95F_0.05 powder was prepared by heating the ignited LiMn_1.8 Co_0.2 O_3.95 F_0.05 precursor gel using lithium acetate, magnesium acetate, cobalt acetate, lithium fluoride, citric acid and glycol as raw materials. The influence of the calcination temperature on the structural and electrochemical properties of LiMn_1.8 Co_0.2 O_3.95 F_0.05 was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments. The powders prepared under different conditions are of good crystallinity. The discharge capacity of LiMn_1.8 Co_0.2 O_3.95 F_0.05 powder increased from 92 mAh/g to 105 mAh/g as the calcination temperature increased from 750 °C to 850 °C. The capacity of LiMn_1.8 Co_0.2 O_3.95 F_0.05 heated at 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C for 4 hours remained at 95.2%, 97%, 94.2%, respectively, after being cycled 20 times, suggesting that the multiple substitution of Co and F for Mn and O results in a good cycling behavior.

The constitution and furing-technology of Ni paste were experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the contact resistance could be lowered by adding glass powder and Boron powder, respectively used as adhesive and antioxidant when the content of Ni powder is higher than 65 wt%. By firing at 810 °C, Ni paste obtained could form a good ohmic contact to PTC ceramics, as shown by SEM iamges. In addition, we compared the electrical properties of PTCR ceramics measured with various electrodes and found that fired-Ni contact is superior to contacts made by fired-Al and sputtered-Ni.

Polydimethylsiloxane/polymethylacrylate (PDMS/PMA) interpenetratrating polymer networks (IPNs) was fabricated by simultaneous synthesis and characterized by thermogravimetry (TG). The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of polysiloxane/polymethylacrylate IPNs in N₂ and air was studied at different heating rates. It was observed that there were two decomposition peaks both in N₂ and air, which showed that thermal decomposition process obeyed two-step pyrolysis mechanism and accorded with the two compositions of IPN. Kinetic parameters were determined during simultaneous integration of the Doyle equation and the IPN/s kinetics equation was one-order equation in N₂ and Air. The decomposition activation energy in N₂ and air were 147.405 kJ·monl⁻¹ and 192.656 kJ·monl⁻¹ respectively.

Mononuclear carbon bridged cyclopentadienyl chromium complexes of the type [(C₅H₄) C (C₅H₁₀)CH₂(C₅H₄N)]CrCl₂(1), [(C₅H₄)C(CH₃)₂CH₂(C₅H₄N)]CrCl₂(2) and homodinuclear chromium complex of the type (CH₃)₂{[(C₅H₃)C(CH₃)₂CH₂(C₅H₄N)]CrCl₂}₂(3) were prepared by treatment of the lithium salts of cyclopentadiene ligands with pyridyl group with CrCl₃(THF)₃ in THF solution. All complexes were structurally characterized by mass spectra and elemental analysis. The structure of complex 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Activated by MAO, complexes 1 and 2 are efficient catalysts in the polymerization of ethylene yielding polyethylene (BE) with a high molecular weight (M_v ranging from 225800 to 637800 g·mol⁻¹, 30≤T_p≤70°C under 0.9 MPa monomer pressure). High activities of polymerization are related to the unique electronic and steric structure of complexes 1 and 2. The melting points of the polymers determined by DSC and characterization data of¹³C NMR all show the synthesis of linear polyethylene (LPE) with a low branching extent.

Poly (4-methylphenoxyphosphazene)-graft-poly (ethylene oxide) (PPZ-g-PEO), a novel amphiphilic grafting polymer was prepared via the Decker-Forster reaction. It is found that the graft efficiency increased with extension of reaction time. Low molecular weight of poly (ethylene oxide) favored the grafting reaction. The grafted polymer has two different glass transition temperatures (Tg) with those of pure poly (4-methyl-phenoxy-phosphazene) and PEO. The emulsifying ability of grafted polymer was studied with benzene-water mixture. The emulsifying volumes increased with the decreasing of PEO's molecular weight. The contact angle of film forming from grafted polymer decreased after introduction of PEO grafting chain.

Rare earths were used to modify the surface of glass fiber in order to enhance the interfacial adhesion and improve the tribological properties of GF/PTFE composites. Three surface modifiers, a coupling agent, rare earths, and a mixture of coupling agent and rare earths, were investigated. It is found that the tensile properties of rare earths modified GF/PTFE composites were improved considerably under the same experimental conditions. The PTFE composites, filled with rare earths modified glass fibers, exhibited the lowest friction coefficient and the highest wear resistance under both dry friction and oil-dropped lubrication conditions. In addition, rare earths modified GF/PTFE composites showed the highest wear resistance under reciprocating impact load. The worn surfaces observation shows that rare earth elements modifier are superior to coupling agent modifier and the mixture of coupling agent and rare earths in promoting interfacial adhesion between the glass fiber and PTFE, accordingly improve tribological properties of GF/TFE composites due to their outstanding chemical activity.

Ordered iron fiber arrays were electrodeposited on the surface of zinc foils using “FeSO₄ solution-sodium caprylate-Decanol” 3-component reverse hexagonal liquid crystal as soft templates. The structure of the soft templates and the synthesized iron fibers were characterized by polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis etc. The experimental results show that the synthesized iron fibers with a crystal phase grew up in the form of fiber clusters of about 200 nm along the direction perpendicular to the cathode surface. Each cluster was composed of several tens of fibers. The fibers had almost the same length of more than 10 μm with a diameter of about 50 nm.

The fabrication of LPFG in single mode fiber (SMF) was fabricated using amplitude mask uriting techniques. The birefringence effect of LPFG for sensing the transverse strain was discussed in detail. The experimental results show that it exhibits a very high sensitivity and a good linearity to transverse strain, with a sensitivity some hundred times greater than what has been achieved using FBG sensor.

The TiO₂ films were prepared on slides by dc reactive magnetron sputtering, then the samples were annealed at 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C and 550°C, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to obtain the TiO₂ film crystalline structure; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the film surface stoichiometries; surface morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the contact angle was tested to indicate the TiO₂ film wettability; and the photocatalytic activity testing was conducted to evaluate the photocatalysis properties. The photocatalytic activity and contact angle testing results were correlated with the crystallinity, surface morphologies and surface ·OH concentration of TiO₂ films. The samples with a higher polycrystalline anatase structure, rough surface and high ·OH concentration displayed a better photoinduced hydrophilicity and a stronger photocatalysis.

The effects of various InGaAs layers on the structural and optical properties of InAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) were investigated. The emission wavelength of 1317 nm was obtained by embedding InAs QDs in InGaAs/GaAs quantum well. The temperature-dependent and timed-resolved photoluminescence (TDPL and TRPL) were used to study the dynamic characteristics of carriers. InGaAs cap layer may improve the quality of quantum dots for the strain relaxation around QDs, which results in a stronger PL intensity and an increase of PL peak lifetime up to 170 K. We found that InGaAs buffer layer may reduce the PL peak lifetime of InAs QDs, which is due to the buffer layer accelerating the carrier migration. The results also show that InGaAs cap layer can increase the temperature point when the thermal reemission and nonradiative recombination contribute significantly to the carrier dynamics.

A kind of photoelectric system that is suitable to measuring and to testing the damage of the composite material intelligent structure was presented. It can measure the degree of damage of the composite intelligent structure and it also can tell us the damage position in the structure. This system consists of two parts: software and hardware. Experiments of the damage detection and the analysis of the composite material structure with the photoelectric system were performed, and a series of damage detection experiments was conducted. The results prove that the performance of the system is well and the effects of the measure and test are evident. Through all the experiments, the damage detection technology and test system are approved to be real-time, effective and reliable in the damage detection of the composite intelligent structure.

The graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AM)/acrylic acid (AA) onto starch (St-g-pAA and St-g-p (AA-co-AM) was carried out using an orthogonal test method. The combined effects of different reaction conditions on the water absorbency of the graft copolymers were optimized through mathematical statistical methods of range and square variance analysis. The maximum water absorbency was obtained when the ratio of dried starch to distilled water was 1∶8 (w/w), the ratio of starch to monomer 1∶6 (w/w), the initiator concentration 4.40×10⁻³ mol/L, the crosslinker concentration 10.86×10⁻² mol/L, and the basicity to AA 0.70 (mol/mol). Both the graft copolymers have an excellent water absorption capacity in distilled water and in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. It was also found that in distilled water the water absorbency of St-g-pAA was higher than that of St-g-p(AA-co-AM), while in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution, the situation was just the reverse. The correlation between the water absorbency and the nature of the solution and the properties of the copolymers, which is related to the properties of the monomers, was discussed. The grafting of AA and AM onto starch was confirmed by the IR spectra of St-g-pAA and St-g-p (AA-co-AM).

It was proved that MgO and MicroSilica can react at room temperature, giving a hardened product primarily comprised of Mg(OH)₂ and Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (M-S-H). The reaction ratio and process and the chemical composition of M-S-H were studied and analyzed by QXRD and DTA-TG. The experimental results indicate that much Mg(OH)₂ and less M-S-H was increased slowly. The chemical composion of M-S-H would vary with the mix proportion in the hydration process, but M_1.32SH_2.37 is finally the approximate form.

The effect of relative humidity on the corrosion-resisting property of fluorocarbon coating was investigated by water vapor transmission technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. Measurements were carried out on samples, which were tested in an accelerated corrosion environment for the same time (300, 500, 800 and 1000 h). The experimental results were obtained as follows: (i) The water absorption, coating resistance and corrosion rate of metal under the coating changed with relative humidity and aging time, the results obtained by EIS are good consistent with those by water vapor transmission technique; (ii) when the subject investigated presented two time constant, the goodness of fit by EEC R(C(R(CR))) was inferior to that by EEC R(C(R(QR))), but the error of parameters acquired from the former was smaller, by which we could analyze the experiment result quantitatively. With the appearance of diffusion layer on the metal, the difference of metal capacitance was aggravated, the error of parameters acquired from EEC R(C(R(C(RW)))) was bigger than that from EEC R(C(R(Q(RW)))).

The spark plasma sintering (SPS) was applied to prepare α-Si₃N₄ ceramics of different densities with magnesia, silicon dioxide, alumina as the sintering aids. The mechanism of liquid phase sintering (LPS) was discussed and the factors influencing the density of the prepared samples were analyzed. The dielectric constant of sintered samples was tested. The experimental results show that the density can be controlled from 2.48 g/cm³ to 3.09 g/cm³ while the content of the sintering aids and the sintering temperature alter and the dielectric constant is closely dependent on the density of obtained samples.

TiO₂ thin films were prepared with Ti₂O₃, Ti₃O₅ and TiO₂ as raw materials, by electronbeam evaporation deposition, using O²⁻ ion beam (O₂ purity up to 99.99%) as auxiliary means. The crystal structures of the samples were inspected by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, and the evaporation character of various raw materials was analyzed. Transmittance spectra were measured through a U-3310 spectrophotometer (wavelength ranging from 200 nm to 900 nm). The refractive index n and the thickness of films were determined from transmission spectra. The experimental results show that the thin films taking Ti₂O₃ as their raw material have a strong absorption, when taking Ti₃O₅ and TiO₂ as raw materials, the thin films would have good optical properties. The experiments also show that, the crystal structure of all thin films is amorphous before post-annealing and the Ti₃O₅ is a congruent evaporation phase in the Ti−O system.

The crude drug of Liuwei Dihuang was pulverized to nano particles to improve its bioavailability. The appropriate technique parameters were studied. Paeonol, typical marker of Liuwei Dihuang, was extracted with organic solvent in ultrasonic and its content was determined by HPLC. The appropriate techniques parameters are as follows: rotating speed control 1200 r/min, grinding time control 50 min and mass percent concentration control 3.8%. The experimental results show that the average particle diameter is 161.9 nm and the great majority of the plant cell wall is broken into pieces after nano pulverization. The extraction efficiency of paeonol is increased by 23.5%.

Thermo-responsive chitosan hydrogel system (TRCHS) was prepared and its microstructure was investigated by scaning electron microscope (SEM) and mercury intrusion poremaster (MIP). Based on analyzing the data, a special porosity property was reported at the first time. Its gelling mechanism was studied by a group of contrast experiments. Results may provide experimental and theoretical supports for how to apply it on tissue engineering scaffold and how to influence or control its essential properties.

Total cellular RNA was extracted from the osteoblast cells of newborn rats' calvarial bones, and the cDNA containing open-reading frame of osteonectin was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The obtained product was named On. The On fragment was inserted into pBT-T vector. Then, the On was subcloned, in-frame fused to 3′-end of the GST gene of the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-KG, and the resulting recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS competent cells. A 60 kD fusion protein was expressed after IPTG induction. The On fragment was sequenced, and the sequencing result shows that it shares 99.8% homology with the sequence published in GenBank. The On SDS-PAGE analysis exhibits and the On was expressed with the GST gene. There is 10% fused protein in the total E. coli proteins, and the fusion protein is a soluble protein. These experimental results imply that On from Wistar rats was cloned successfully and expressed efficiently.

To study the fundamental characteristics and biosafety of the compound bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and rhBMP-2/CPC, and to provide a theoretical basis for the compound biologically active artificial bone made of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and bone morphogenetic protein, simplex CPC was taken as the control group, and the compound with the blending ratio of 1g CPC to 5mg rhBMP-2 was taken as the experimentation group to determine the setting time, compressive strength, acute toxicological and sub acute toxicological properties. The osteogenic characteristic of compound rhBMP-2/CPC was measured by making animal model of radio discontinuous defect. The setting time of the two groups meets the clinical requirements, and the compressive strength of the solidified body of bone cement increases along with increasing the immersion time. Compound rh-BMP-2/CPC has a favorable osteogenic characteristic for animal model of radio discontinuous defect. The fundamental characteristics of the compound rhBMP-2 phosphate bone cement are basically the same as that of CPC, and also have a favorable biosafety and osteogenesis.

Cerium phosphate powders were synthesized by direct solid liquid reaction of cerium dioxide and phosphate acid at the Ce: P ratio of 1∶1. Phase-pure and fine grain size CePO₄ powers could be obtained by calcining the as received powders at the temperature higher than 600°C. It is demonstrated that the grain size and morphology of the CePO₄ powders were calcined at various temperatures. An interesting layered crystal structure and a series of microcracks that cross and occur along the extrusion stress direction on the extruded surface inside CePO₄ were observed. The ductility and machinability of CePO₄ ceramic are attributed to the layered structure. Continuous machining debris was observed on the turned surface.

The deicing experiment of carbon fiber reinforced electrically conductive concrete (CFRC) slab was conducted in laboratory at first, then the deicing process of CFRC pavement was analyzed by means of finite element method (FEM). At last, based on the energy conservation law and the computing results of finite element method, the influential factors including the setting of electric heating layer, environmental temperature, the thickness of ice, material parameters, and deicing power on deicing performance and energy consumption were discussed.

By means of reducing the ratio of water to cement (w/c), incorporating a proper amount of fly ash and superplasticizer, and processing the surface of recycled aggregate (RA), this paper aims at improving the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) submicro-structure of the regenerated concrete (RC). The experimental results of mercury intrusion pressure (MIP) show that RA pretreated by PVA polymer solution and lyophobic active agent can jam its surface pore and hole, thus the porosity of RA is decreased. When reducing w/c ratio, incorporating 20% of fly ash (FA) and 2.5% of superplasticizer (to cement) in the RC, the width of ITZ is effectively narrowed, the structure of ITZ is combined much more compact and the compressive strength of RC is enhanced. Under the same conditions, using RA pretreated by 1% PVA polymer solution, the fluidity of fresh RC can be enhanced and the compressive strength of hardened RC can also be enhanced lightly. Whereas using RA pretreated by lyophobic active agent, the fluidity of fresh RC can be enhanced, but it impairs the adhesion of fresh cement paste and the surface of old concrete, and hinders the strength development of RC. In the ITZ structure of ordinary concrete (prepared with natural coarse and fine aggregate) there are much Ca(OH)₂, in plank-and sheet-like, distributing with priority tropism, whereas in the RC structure, Ca(OH)₂ with a coarse size is not found in ITZ; the main reason is that the surface of coarse aggregate does not have a layer of water film.

PbTiO₃/PVDF nanocomposites were prepared via in-situ growth of nanosized PbTiO₃ particles in PVDF matrix by sol-gel method. Nanosized PbTiO₃ grown in the composites film was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy, and the dielectric properties of the composite films prepared were measured. The distribution of PbTiO₃ nanoparticles in-situ grown in the PVDF matrix was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The relative dielectric constant increases with increasing the weight fraction of PbTiO₃ in-situ grown. In particular, the dielectric loss monotonically decreases with the increase of PbTiO₃ content at 1MHz.

Poly (glycidyl methacrylate)/silica (PGMA/silica) composite nanoparticles, containing epoxy functional groups on the surface, were synthesized via emulsion polymerization. With batch process, high yield and binding efficiency (both around 90%) were achieved. The amount of crosslinked GMA was approximately 8wt%–14wt% to the polymerized monomer. It was found that both the encapsulating ratio and the number of the original silica beads per composite particles altered with the amount of silica added. The obtained particles, with their average particle size of about 60–70 nm, had a spherical shape and a clear core-shell structure.

To find materials with larger second-order nonlinearity, the Ge−P−S chalcogenide glasses with various ratios of GeS₂:P₂S₅ were prepared by the melt-quenching method. The microstructure and optical properties of these glasses were characterized by XRD, Raman, Vis-NIR spectroscopy and Maker fringe technique. The second harmonic generation (SHG) was observed in the as-prepared chalcogenide glasses which was ascribed to the thermal stress gradient and/or the microanisotropic defects (such as the lone-pair orbital or the valence alternative pairs) prefer-orientation of the as-prepared glasses.

Effects of the pressure direction on the thermal expansion and slag corrosion resistance were investigated and anisotropic microstructures of flaky graphite in spinel carbon bricks were examined. The experimental results show that slag corrosion velocities in the direction parallel to the pressure direction display a decrease of 34% compared to those in the vertical direction. Meantime, the linear expansion coefficient in the direction parallel to the pressure direction is 2.45 times as large as that in the vertical pressure direction. Slag corrosion velocities of spinel carbon bricks soaked in the AOD melting slag display a 46%–47% decrease compared to those of magnesia carbon bricks. The microstructure observation shows that spinel carbon bricks have a high degree of preferred orientation.

A medical stone manifanshi were researched by using polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) methods. The XRD pattern of the raw Manifanshi indicates that it is daminantly composed of plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, and that of the calcined Manifanshi at 1000°C shows that the distortion of crystal structure in both plagioclase and orthoclase takes place at the calcined temperature. The polarized light microscopy observation suggests that the Manifanshi is naturally weathered monzo-granite porphyry. Chemical analyses reveal that the Manifanshi contains a number of healthful trace elements and rare toxic trace elements, therefore, it is a high quality Manifanshi. The solubility of trace elements was determined by measuring the concentration of trace elements from Manifanshi calcined under varying temperature conditions by ICP method, the results suggest that the calcined product at 1000°C shows the ideal result in ionic concentrations and dissolution rate of trace elements in water, which is contributed to the distortion of the crystal structure of feldspar at the calcined temperature.

Based on an essential assumption of meso-heterogeneity of material, the macro characteristic of composite reinforced with particles, the crack initiation, propagation and the failure process in composite were studied by using a numerical code. The composite is subjected to a uniaxial tension, and stiff or soft particles are distributed at random manner but without overlapping or contacting. The effect of reinforcement particle properties on the fracture process and mechanism of composite with brittle matrix, furthermore, the influence of the particle volumetric fraction is also investigated. Numerical results present the different failure mode and re-produce the crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in brittle and heterogeneous matrix. The mechanism of such failure was also elucidated.

We developed a large deformation model for predicting the elastic moduli of two-dimensional cellular materials. This large deformation model was based on the large deflection of the inclined members of the cells of cellular materials. The deflection of the inclined member, the strain of the representative structure and the elastic moduli of two-dimensional cellular materials were expressed using incomplete elliptic integrals. The experimental results show that these elastic moduli are no langer constant at large deformation, but vary significantly with the strain. A comparison was made between this large deformation model and the small deformation model proposed by Gibson and Ashby.