CdS films were prepared with chemical pyrolysis deposition (CPD) at 450°C during film grouth, and these CdS films were also annealed at different temperature from 200–500°C. The optical property of the CdS films before and after annealing was investigated at different measuring temperature from 10 K to 300 K. Optical absorption spectra show that the absorption edge is towards the shorter wavelengths, and the energy band gaps deduced from the plots of (α·hν)² vs. hv are increased when the measuring temperature is decreased. The optical behaviors of the CdS films annealed at a certain temperature seem to have the similar tendency at different measuring temperature. Based on dE_ex/dT curve dependent on annealing temperature, some phenomena related microstructure in CdS films could be found.

The stability of aqueous nano alumina powder suspensions with and without dispersant tri-ammonium citrate (TAC) was investigated by measuring zeta potential at different pH values. The isoelectric point (IEP) of alumina powder shifts towards more acidic pH range by adding TAC dispersant. The results illustrate that adsorption of TAC on alumina powder surface existed in the aqueous suspension, which leads to a high stability of the suspension.

Nafion modified Pt nano-particles with size about 4 nm were synthesized. The modified particles were absorbed on the surface of carbon nanotubes and used as electro-catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Due to the plentiful proton channels provided by the modifying Nafion ionomers, the single fuel cell with the modified Pt catalyst has a promised performance. The output was 0.282W/cm² with Pt loading of 0.1 mg/cm², better than that of unmodified one, which was 0.273 W/cm² with Pt loading of 0.11 mg/cm².

The manufacture process of 8 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) from nano powders, including the forming and sintering stages, was studied. During the forming process of YSZ powders, the relative density of YSZ increases lineally with the forming press, and the sintering linear shrinkage of YSZ to the forming press compiles to the parabola trend. When the forming press exceeding 500 MPa, the samples with lower shrinkage and high density were obtained. The sintering temperature of YSZ decreases greatly because of the small size and high active surface of YSZ powders. As a result, the beginning sintering temperature of YSZ made in the experiment is as low as 825°C, and the end sintering temperature is 1300–1350°C. The relative density of YSZ ceramic by solid sintering at 1300–1350°C is more than 97%, with little and small pores in the uniform microstructure.

To study the new bone formation in the bone defect area after implantation, the tetracycline tracing method was used. The results show that new bone formed in 1 month, and the formation rate of new bone was very high (8. 164 μm/day), considerably faster than that of control groups (3.219 μm/day). The new bone grew up quickly and β_TCP particles were surrounded by double fluorescence bands which became more obvious. The new bone formation rate was maximal at 2 months, and then gradually reduced. The rate was steady at 4 months, and then reduced to resembling as the normal physiologic metabolism of bone, which indicated the implanted materials were completely replaced by bone. Calcium phosphate materials had the ability of osteoconduction.

An effective processing method for biomedical images and the Fuzzy C-mean (FCM) algorithm based on the wavelet transform are investigated. By using hierarchical wavelet decomposition, an original image could be decomposed into one lower image and several detail images. The segmentation started at the lowest resolution with the FCM clustering algorithm and the texture feature extracted from various sub-bands. With the improvement of the FCM algorithm, FCM alternation frequency was decreased and the accuracy of segmentation was advanced.

The raw carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were used in electrochemical lithiation. To remove the impurity the mild oxidation was done on the samples. The electrochemical characteristics of the two samples are investigated by the galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The structural and interfacial changes of the CNTs electrode were analyzed by XRD and FT-IR. The samples show a reversibility of lithium intercalation and de-intercalation. The reversible capacities of the first five cycles are larger than 300 mAh/g and the irreversible capacity of the first cycle was much larger than that mentioned in literatures. There is no identical change in the structure during the charge and discharge. The reactions at the interface between electrode and the electrolyte are similar to those of other carbonaceous materials.

Al electrodes are well known as ohmic contact electrodes for the PTC component, the influence of their thickness on final component properties was investigated by comparing their ohmic characteristics with the ones of InGa electrodes. After observing the Al paste physical and chemical behaviors during rising temperature by thermal analysis (DTA), the firing operation of Al electrodes could be divided into three main subsections: the temperature rising time (t_r), the peak firing temperature (T_p) and the hold time at peak firing temperature (t_h). The effects of these three parameters on final component properties were discussed in detail.

A novel solid phase organic synthesis resin was synthesized for combinatorial high-throughput screening, which based on FTIR spectra self-encoding functional resin technology. A new deconvolution strategy termed position encoding deconvolution had illustrated and was compared with some popular combinatorial deconvolution strategies in efficiency and information content. The mimic high throughput screening of hexapeptide library successfully, proved the applying of the self-encoding functional resin technology and the position encoding deconvolution strategy.

The experiment of injection molding, Dais-simulating test, morphological structure investigation (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed on mini-automobile spherical seat which was made of thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) and oiled polyoxymethylene (POM), respectively. The friction-wear properties between the frictionl pair of polymer spherical seat and metallic (iron) spherical pin were studied. The test results, indicate that the antifriction property of TPEE is superior to that of POM, while its surface chemical effect is inferior to that of POM.

The effect of pH values on synthesizing single-phase CoTi-substituted barium M-type ferrite ultrafine powders, and BaCoTiFe ₁₀O ₁₉, was investigated employing corrosion versus pH plot (E-pH plot) for metal element, thermodynamic calculation, and co-dump coprecipitation. The pH values of complete coprecipitation of all Fe ³⁺, Ti ⁴⁺, Co ²⁺ and Ba ²⁺ and Ba ²⁺ cations are9–12 and higher than7.9 on the basis of E-pH plot analysis and thermodynamic calculation, respectively. The miniumum pH value necessary to the formation of single-phase BaCoTiFe ₁₀O ₁₉ is8.5 in the light of the co-dump coprecipitation. These results indicate that the coprecipitation process for synthesizing CoTi-substituted barium M-type ferrite ultrafine powders is simultaneously influenced by synergetic coprecipation effect of cations and coordination effect of Cl⁻ anions. The test time of the minimum pH value corresponding to forming a series of single-phase CoTi-substituted barium M-type ferrite ultrafine powders, and Ba-Co_xTi_xFe _12−2xO ₁₉. may be significantly reduced by using the effects of two new factors on the coprecipitation process.

In order to obtain the standard molar enthalpies of formation of Rare-Earth amino acid coordination compounds, precise isothermal solution-reaction calorimetric method was used. The value of Δ_rH_m ^Θ of two coordination reactions was determined at T=298.2 K. From the experimental results and other auxiliary values, the standard molar enthalpies of formation of Ln(Gly)_5/2(Ala)_3/2(ClO₄)₃·H₂O(s) [Ln=La, Yb] at T=298.2 K were obtained. The values of them is to be Δ_rH_m ^Θ[La(Gly)_5/2(Ala)_3/2(ClO₄)₃·H₂O(s)]=−3545.45 kJ/mol and Δ_rH_m ^Θ[Yb(Gly)_5/2(Ala)_3/2)(ClO₄)₃·H₂O(s)]=−3793.81 kJ/mol, respectively.

The composition, microstructures and properties of SiC/Al₂O₃/Al−Si composites formed by reactive penetration of the molten aluminum into the preforms of SiO₂ and SiC were investigated. The composition of the composites was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures of the composites were also measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. In addition, the factors affecting the properties of the composites were discussed. The experiments show that the mechanical properties of the composites depend on their relative densities and the sizes of the fillers “SiC grains”. The denser the SiC/Al₂O₃/Al−Si composites, the higher their bending strength. As the filler “SiC grains” become fine, the bending strength of the composites increases.

Sr₅LaTi₃Nb₁O₃₀ ceramic was prepared by the conventional high temperature solid-state reaction route. The sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric measurements. The results show Sr₅LaTi₃Nb₇O₃₀ belongs to paraelectric phase of filled tetragonal TB structure at room temperature, and undergoes a diffuse phase transition in the temperature range of−54-34°C. And Sr₅LaTi₃Nb₇O₃₀ ceramic shows a high dielectric constant of 479 with a low dielectric loss of 0.005 at 1 MHz. In comparison with Ba-based ceramics with TB structure, the temperature coefficients of the dielectric constant (τ_ε) is significantly reduced.

The erosion resistance tests were used to research the erosion wear behavior of CaO−Al₂O₃−SiO₂ system glass-ceramic. With the orthogonal test method, the factors that affect the erosion wear of CaO−Al₂O₃−SiO₂ system glass-ceramic such as particles property, impact angle, impact time, size of particles were discussed. The results show that erosion rate rises along a straight line at the early period of erosion wear. With the impact time increased, the erosion rate deviates from original staight line, tendency of the erosion rate increases. With the size of paricle increased, it will have more kinetic energy, the erosion rate of the surface of glass-ceramics ploate rises.

The propagation characteristics of impact waves across a planar interface between a ceramic layer and a ceramic/metal (C/M), composite layer were investigated. Two interfacial boundary conditions were considered: one was a shear coupling boundary condition that simulated a perfectly bonded interface between the ceramic and composite, and the other was a slip boundary condition that only allowed a transmission of the transverse motion and normal stress at the interface. The ceramic was subjected to an incident impact wave. The ceramic and composite was assumed to be elastic during impact. The study was based on a basic method provided by Furlong, westburg and Phillips for predicting the reflection and refraction of spherical waves across a planar interface separating two elastic solids. Emphasis was put on the effect of the metal volume fraction in the composite, ceramic thickness and interfacial boundary condition on the effect of the metal volume fraction in the composite, ceramic thickness and interfacial boundary condition on the reflected waves. New and interesting results are obtained that provide a very useful guidance for design of a ceramic/composite armor and of a C/M functionally graded appliqué.

Structure and pore characteristics of the mesoporous silica, synthesized in acid medium were studied by means of XRD, HRTEM, BET, FT-IR, DSC-TGA, and the reaction mechanism was also investigated deeply. The results show that mesopores in the sample possess hexagonal arrays obviously, whereas the structure of silica matrix is amorphous. The results also show that the acting mode of silica, and CTMA⁺ inside the mesopores was chemical bonding force. The structure of mesoporous silica was mainly dependent on the aggregational condition of micelle of CTMA⁺ as well as their liquid-crystallized status. In addition, condensation and dehydration of silicate radicals were accompanied in the process of calcination, which resulted in the mesoporous structure ordered in local range and the pore sizes largening.

A new niobate crystal was synthesized for the first time in BaO−NaO−Cr₂O₃−Nb₂O₃, ystem by the solid state reaction and the flux method. The new compound was studied by X-ray diffraction, electron probe, X-ray microanalysis, chemical analysis and SEM. The result of X-ray powder diffraction show that Ba₅NaCr_0.5 Nb_9.5O₃₀ belongs to the tetragonal tungsten bronze structure, with space group P₄ bm(100) and lattice parameters a=b=12.4450(2)A, c=3.9931(2)A and Z=1. The X-ray powder diffraction lines of the compound were well indexed.

The behaviors of concrete at elevated curing temperature were studied. The test results show that when concrete is cured at elevated temperature, a harmful consequence occurs. The later strength decreses significantly compared to that under normal curing condition. Incorporating silica fume, fly ash and slag or lowering w/c ratio can effectively alleviate this harmful consequence. Comparatively, incorporation of silica fume is the most efficient means to decrease the later strength reduction. The harmful consequence is not caused by the difference in degree of hydration since the degree of hydration is similar between elevated curing temperature and normal curing condition. The SEM analysis shows that it is the uneven distribution of hydration products caused by elevated curing temperature that leads to the later strength reduction of concrete.

The compressive, shear strengths and abrasion-erosion resistance as well as flexural properties of two polypropylene fiber reinforced concretes and the comparison with a steel fiber reinforced concrete were reported. The exprimental results show that a low content of polypropylene fiber (0.91 kg/m³ of concrete) slightly decreases the compressive and shear strengths, and appreciably increased the flexural strength, but obviously enhances the toughness index and fracture energy for the concrete with the same mix proportion, consequently it plays a role of anti-cracking and improving toughness in concrete. Moreover, the polypropylene mesh fiber is better than the polypropylene monofilament fiber in improving flexural strength and toughness of concrete, but the two types of polypropylene fibers are inferior to steel fiber. All the polypropylene and steel fibers have no great beneficial effect on the abrasion-erosion resistance of concrete.

The quantitative analysis of damage position of concrete beam is established. The method of damage position free of models used in this paper is based on the variations of strain mode and test of even change point. The discrete model and the position criterion are presented. Numerical example is conducted, the result demonstrates that the method of damage position is correct and effective.

The overall aim was to investigate the effect of highly active rice husk ash (RHA) produced by an industrial furnace on some properties of concrete. The strength, pore volume and pore distribution of concrete and the Ca(OH)₂ content in concrete were investigated by JIS A 1108 (Method of test for compressive strength of concrete), a mercury instrument porosimeter, and the thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results show that, with RHA replacement of cement, the compressive strength of concrete is increased evidently; the average pore radius of concrete is greatly decreased, especially the portion of the pores greater than 20 nm in radius is decreased while the amount of smaller pores is increased, and the more the RHA replacement, the less the amount of Ca (OH)₂ in concrete. The latter two results are the main reasons for the strength enhancement of concrete.

Worldwide construction and demolition waste (CDW) is currently dumped. To close the building cycle and the building materials cycle by recycling CDW in high technical applications, the technical quality of stony materials must be improved. For this purpose, concrete rubbles and brick rubbles, the two major stony constituents of CDW, should be separated from each other. Based on the differences in density and content of Fe₂O₃ between the two materials, a wet method of jigging and a dry method of magnetic separation are effective, tested.

The microstructure of semi-solid slurry of AZ91D alloy, which was produced by twin-screw stirring mixer under the different parameters, was investigated. Rheoforming by cold chamber die casting process was performed thereafter. The results indicate that with decreasing of the barrel temperature of the mixer and the pouring temperature of molten Mg alloy, the solid fraction of semi-solid slurry increases and the size of non-dendritic grains becomes smaller. While the shear rate increases, the solid fraction of semi-solid slurry decreases. The tensile strength and elongation of metal rheoformed by die casting are higher by about 37% and 44% respectively than those produced by conventional liquid die casting.

The deformation behavior of Ti-50.9 at % Ni shape memory alloy under axial compression dynamic loads was investigated by an MTS 858 Mini Bionix test machine. The alloy were aged at 500°C for an hour before being machined into specimens. The compression experiments were conducted at 20°C and the variety of dynamic loads were controlled by the strain rate, which was 3 mm/min, 15 mm/min, 30mm/min and 50 mm/min, respectively. The experimental results indicate that in the case of 3 mm/min, stress-induced martensitic transformation occurs at about 350 MPa when loading and reverse transformation at about 200 MPa when unloading, during which the aged Ti-50.9 at % Ni alloy shows the recoverable nonlinear pseudoelastic strain of 4.3% with the residual strain of 1.2% reserved. With the strain rate increasing, the area encloses by loading-curve and unloading-curve, i.e stress (strain) hysteresis becomes smaller and smaller and the residual strain also decreases, while critical stress for inducing martensitic transformation rises. At a higher strain rate the alloy exhibits linear-like pseudoelasticity, which is up to 4.5%.

A commercial styrene-acrylic latex binder has been investigated as a good binder for aqueous Al₂O₃ suspensions tape-casting process. This paper focuses on the forming film mechanism of latex binder, the rheological behaviors of the suspensions, physical properties of green tapes and drying process of aqueous slurries with latex binder system. The drying process of the alumina suspensions is shown to follow a two-stage mechanism (the first stage: evoporation controlled process; and the second stage: diffusion controlled process). During the drying stage of the suspensions, the compressive force presses the latex particles and makes them be distorted, which results in cross-linking structure in contacted latex particles of the solidified tapes. A smooth-surface and high-strength green tape was fabricated by aqueous tape casting with latex binder system. The results from the SEM images of the crossing section microstructure of green tapes show that the latex is a very suitable binder for aqueous tape casting.

The exposed and transformed groups of fibrous brucite, wollastonite, chrysotile asbestos, sepiolite, palygorskite, clinoptilolite, crocidolite and diatomaceous earth mineral materials are analyzed by IR spectra after acid and alikali etching, strong mechanical and polarity molecular interaction. The results show the active sites concentrate on the ends in stick mineral materials and on the defect or hole edge in pipe mineral materials. The inside active site of mineral materials plays a main role in small molecular substance. The shape of minerals influence their distribution and density of active site. The strong mechanical impulsion and weak chemical force change the active site feature of minerals, the powder process enables minerals exposed more surface group and more combined types. The surface processing with the small polarity molecular or the brand of middle molecular may produce ionation and new coordinate bond, and change the active properties and level of original mineral materials.