DNA synthesis and collagen formations on the implant material by cell culture in vitro are the most important phenotypical expression to estimate the biocompatibility. In this part, DNA synthesis and collagen formation on implant materials were quantitatively and qualitatively estimated by radioactive isotope H⁺ -thymidine to incorporate into DNA chains, H⁺ -proline to incorporate into type I collagen proteins followed by scintillation counting and antibody-antigen immunocytochemistry staining, respectively. Research results demonstrate that hydroxyapatite (HA) stimulates DNA synthesis and collagen formation on the material whereas this stimulation is restricted by adding spinel to the materials. There are statistical differences between the influences of material components on both DNA synthesis and collagen formation. It is supposed that porous materials can supply more platforms for cell anchoring, and more DNA and collagen are synthesised on the porous materials. Immersion in culture medium results in new HA crystal formation on the porous HA materials.

The electronic structures of pure Ti, Zr and Hf metals with hcp structure were determined by oneatom (OA) theory. According to the electronic structures of these metals, their potential curves, cohesive energies, lattice constants, elasticities and the temperature dependence of linear thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. The electronic structures and characteristic properties of these metals with bcc and fcc structures and liquids were also studied. The results show that the electronic structures of Ti, Zr and Hf metals are respectively [Ar] (3d_n)^{0.481 0} (3d_c)^{2.085 7} (4s_c)^{1.000 0} (4s_f)^{0.433 3}, [Kr] (4d_n)^{0.396 8} (4d_c)^{2.142 8} (5s_c)^{1.262 0} (5s_f)^{0.198 4}, [Xe](5d_n)^{0.368 0}(5d_c)^{2.041 4}(6s_c)^{1.406 6}(6s_f)^{0.184 0}. It is explained why the pure Ti, Zr and Hf metals with hcp and bcc structures can exist naturally, while those with fcc structure can not.

The oxidation behavior at 973–1 273 K and the effect of oxidation on the room-temperature tribological properties of hot-pressed boron carbide ceramic were investigated. Oxidized samples were studied by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that the oxidation results in the formation of a thin transparent B₂O₃ film, and the oxide film is severely cracked during cooling due to the thermal expansion mismatch between the oxide film and B₄C substrate. B₂O₃ reacts with moisture in air to form boric acid, which is a kind of solid lubricant. The sliding friction factors of oxidized B₄C pair are about 0.05–0.08, compared to 0.25–0.35 of the as-received B₄C pair. When the oxidation temperature is up to 1 273 K, severe unstability and increase of friction factor are observed. Visual inspection of the wear track reveals that the lubricant film is broken and some debris particles occur on and around the rubbing surfaces, because the friction interface is rough by the severe etching of grain boundaries.

In order to know the cause of cracks in cold rolling of QSn6.5-0.1 copper alloy strip, a lot of experiments and analysis were done. The microstructure changes of QSn6.5-0.1 were investigated by means of metallurgical microscope. The morphology of cracks and surface defects were examined using scanning electron microscope. Macroscopic residual stresses produced in every process during manufacturing in the QSn6.5-0.1 strip were measured by X-ray diffraction method and hole drilling method. The results show that the cracks in the QSn6.5-0.1 cold rolling strip were caused due to the derivation of metallurgical defects, such as SnO₂, S, fine-looses, the inverse segregation unable to clear up when milling, and the accumulation of all kinds of residual stresses. When the accumulation of the residual stress reaches the material’s breaking strength, the cracks will be generated. Several measures to avoid the development of these kinds of cracks were put forward, such as: controlling the casting technology, improving homogenization annealing procedure (680 °C/7 h) and milling quality (using the second milling when necessary), working out a more reasonable rolling technology to ensure intermediate annealing in time.

Büeckner-Rice weight function method was used to analyse mixed-mode fracture of center-cracked circular disk subjected to uniaxial compression. Based on Wu-Carlsson procedure semi-analytical modes I and II weight functions were derived from corresponding reference displacement fields and stress intensity factors calculated by finite element method. Normalized mode I and mode II stress intensity factors, f_I, f_II, were derived from the obtained semi-analytical weight functions. The results were then fitted into polynomials, the precision is within 0.5%. It is interesting to note that when the inclined angle ϑ of a crack is less than 15°, the f_I values are positive. when ϑ=15°, the f_I values are positive for the crack length a varying from 0.1 to 0.7, but when a=0.8, the f_I takes the negative value −0.51. When ϑ>15°, all the f_I values become negative, which denotes that the compression-shear mode is achieved at crack tips. These results are very useful in the investigation of mixed-mode fracture of brittle materials.

The interactions on gold active and migratory quantities and rates between tuffaceous slate and solutions with different compositions were experimentally studied at 200 °C, 20 MPa, in a high-pressure apparatus. After reaction, tuffaceous slate became light colored and soft, and its mass density reduced. The amount of gold extracted from tuffaceous slate ranges widely, from 0.027 to 0.234 µg/g. Chlorine solution may activate appreciable amount of gold, and the gold migratory rate is high enough, from 50.70% to 92.30%, which reveals that sulphur and chlorine work together in solutions to accelerate gold activation and migration, and to realize gold mineralization in favorable places.

For understanding the source and location mechanism of lode gold deposits hosted in metamorphic rocks in northeastern Hunan, the authors analyzed the REE (rare earth elements) in ores and their host rocks, metallogenic elements in host rocks near and distant from the ore-bodies, and characteristics of ore-controlling structures, and deduced their genetic implication. Their geochemical features of REE and metallogenic elements suggest that they are formed by mobilization of dispersed metallogenic materials in Lengjiaxi Group of Middle Proterozoic during deformation and metamorphism process, mainly in Wulingian period. From the attributes of ore-controlling structures and regularity of location of gold metallization, it is concluded that the location of gold deposits is closely related to reverse shearing. Ore-forming fluids are focused on the secondary faults and extension fractures of reverse shear zones of nearly EW strike by stress-driven diffusion and seismic pumping.

Anti-symmetric four-point bending specimens with different thickness, without and with guiding grooves, were used to conduct Mode II fracture test and study the effect of specimen thickness on Mode II fracture toughness of rock. Numerical calculations show that the occurrence of Mode II fracture in the specimens without guiding grooves (when the inner and outer loading points are moved close to the notch plane) and with guiding grooves is attributed to a favorable stress condition created for Mode II fracture, i.e. tensile stress at the notch tip is depressed to be lower than the tensile strength or to be compressive stress, and the ratio of shear stress to tensile stress at notch tip is very high. The measured value of Mode II fracture toughness K_{II C} decreases with the increase of the specimen thickness or the net thickness of specimen. This is because a thick specimen promotes a plane strain state and thus results in a relatively small fracture toughness.

The dynamical theory was utilized to probe into the law of the excited response of granular ores generated by the exciting action of exciter and the influence of wave propagation in vibrating field. The exciter with double axes was presented as an example, and the principle of exciter and its mathematical expression of the excitation force were given. The granular ores have viscidity and damping speciality, on the basis of which the motion equation of excited response of ores was established and the approximate expression of mode-displacement by harmonic excitation and the steady effect solution of coordinate response were deduced. Utilizing the step-by-step integration method, the recursion relation matrix of displacement, velocity and acceleration of the excited response of ores were obtained, and the computational flow chart and a computational example were given. The results show that the excited response can change the dynamical character and the flowing characteristic of granular ores.

The distribution behavior of the HZB collector (a kind of long chain fatty acid) in the desilication system of bauxite flotation was studied. The results show that the collector tends towards froth products in the steps of the roughing, the first cleaning and the second cleaning, while towards the tailing product in the step of the scavenging, and in each job except scavenging the collector is mainly on the surface of solids. As for the froth product in the step of the scavenging, it is mainly in solution. To the tailing products of every step, it is mainly in the respective solutions. The collector added to the flotation system is mainly taken out by the last concentrate, by which the taken one occupies 65.2% of the whole, among which, 57.8% is by solid and 7.4% by solution, respectively. And the one by the last tail occupies 34.8% of the whole, among which, 8.8% is by solid and 26.0% by solution, respectively. The sum of the collector in the solution of the last concentrate and tailing is 33.4% of the amount of addition collector, and recycling the solutions will be in favor of decreasing the dosage of collector.

The hexagonal BaNd_xFe_12−xO₁₉(x=0.1−1.0) fine powders with M-type structure were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion high-temperature synthesis method. The structure of powders, gels’ combustion and magnetic properties of powders were respectively studied by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TG) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The powders before and after combustion and calcination at 450–850 °C with different mole ratio of Nd to Ba (0.1–1.0) were compared in terms of XRD. In addition, the effects of different synthesis conditions on magnetic properties of powders were also discussed. The results show that at pH 7.0 or so, mole ratio of citrate to nitrate (1–3) and calcination temperature of 850 °C for 1 h, M-type BaNd_xFe_12−xO₁₉(x=0.1−1.0) fine powders can be obtained, and the coercive force reaches 436880 A·m⁻¹ at x=1, which is far greater than that of barium permanent ferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉).

In the Internet, a group of replicated servers is commonly used in order to improve the scalability of network service. Anycast service is a new network service that can improve network load distribution and simplify certain applications. In this paper, the authors described a simple anycast service model in the Internet without significant affecting the routing and protocol processing infrastructure that was already in place, and proposed an anycast QoS routing algorithm for this model. The algorithm used randomized method to balance network load and improve its performance. Several new techniques are proposed in the algorithm, first, theminimum hops for each node are used in the algorithm, which are used as metric for computing the probability of possible out-links. The metric is pre-computed for each node in the network, which can simplify the network complexity and provide the routing process with useful information. Second, randomness is used at the link level and depends dynamically on the routing configuration. This provides great flexibility for the routing process, prevents the routing process from overusing certain fixed routing paths, and adequately balances the delay of the routing path. the authors assess the quality of QoS algorithm in terms of the acceptance ratio on anycast QoS requests, and the simulation results on a variety of network topologies and on various parameters show that the algorithm has good performances and can balance network load effectively.

The emulsion polymerization of aniline in three-phase system of xylene-functionalized protonic acid-water was carried out using (NH₄)₂S₂O₄ as oxidant. The influences of water phase concentration on the viscosity, conductivity, transmittance of polyaniline(PAN) latex and its powders were studied. The results show that the properties of PAN prepared through the emulsion polymerization are influenced by the amount of water used in the polymerization. The morphology of PAN varies with the water phase concentration used in the polymerization, which may result in the change of properties of PAN latex and its powders. When the volume fraction of water (φ) is about 20%–30%, the prepared PAN powder has higher conductivity, and the PAN latex has appropriate viscosity and particle size. The consumption of xylene was reduced at high φ value.

The drag-reducing effect of polymer additive aqueous solution was investigated in flow boliling, and the polymer additives were two kinds of polyacrylamide (PAM) with relative molecular mass about 2.56×10⁶ and 8.55×10⁶. The frictional pressure drop was calculated according to the measured total pressure drop. The results show that the flow drag of flow boiling is reduced by adding a small amount of PAM to water when heat flux is in the range of 15.1 kW·m⁻² to 47.0 kW·m⁻², when the mass fraction of PAM is higher than 2.0×10⁻⁵, the drag-reducing effect is obvious. Drag-reducing effect of PAM, whose relative molecular mass is 8.55×10⁶, is slightly better than that of 2.56×10⁶ at the same mass fraction, and the greater the flow rate of the additive solution, the better the effect of the drag reduction.