The Forest Department in the State of Uttar Pradesh, India developed Forest Management Information System (FMIS) for achieving organizational goals of improved financial and human resource management, improvement in the management of forests and wildlife, and for achieving responsive administration. This paper, based on field research, presents an assessment of the dynamics of FMIS in organizational context for a better understanding of such systems in forestry organizations. The paper also investigates the success of FMIS in assisting decision makers in achieving organizational goals. Based on the knowledge developed during the course of the study, key learning elements have been highlighted for the benefit of the stakeholders in information systems in forest sector.

This paper presents a case study on structure design and establishment of database application system for alien species in Shandong Province, integrating with Geographic Information System, computer network, and database technology to the research of alien species. The modules of alien species database, including classified data input, statistics and analysis, species pictures and distribution maps, and out date input, were approached by Visual Studio.net 2003 and Microsoft SQL server 2000. The alien species information contains the information of classification, species distinction characteristics, biological characteristics, original area, distribution area, the entering fashion and route, invasion time, invasion reason, interaction with the endemic species, growth state, danger state and spatial information, i.e. distribution map. Based on the above bases, several models including application, checking, modifying, printing, adding and returning models were developed. Furthermore, through the establishment of index tables and index maps, we can also spatially query the data like picture, text and GIS map data. This research established the technological platform of sharing information about scientific resource of alien species in Shandong Province, offering the basis for the dynamic inquiry of alien species, the warning technology of prevention and the fast reaction system. The database application system possessed the principles of good practicability, friendly user interface and convenient usage. It can supply full and accurate information inquiry services of alien species for the users and provide functions of dynamically managing the database for the administrator.

The forest resource of Heilongjiang province has important position in china. On the basis of the six times of national forest inventory data (1973–1976, 1977–1981, 1985–1988, 1989–1993, 1994–1998, 1999–2003) surveyed by the Forestry Ministry of P. R. China from 1973 to 2003, the carbon storage of forests in Heilongjiang Province are estimated by using the method of linear relationship of each tree species between biomass and volume. The results show that the carbon storage of Heilongjiang forests in the six periods (1973–1976, 1977–1981, 1985–1988, 1989–1993, 1994–1998, 1999–2003) are 7.164×10⁸t, 4.871×10⁸t, 5.094×10⁸t, 5.292×10⁸t, 5.594×10⁸ t and 5.410×10⁸t, respectively., which showed a trend of decreasing in early time and then increasing. It indicated that Heilongjiang forests play an important role as a sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide during past 30 years. Based on the data of forest fires from 1980 to 1999 and ground biomass estimation for some forest types in Heilongjiang Province, it is estimated that the amount of mean annual consumed biomass of forests is 391758.65t–522344.95t, accounting for 6.4%–8.4% of total national consummation from forest fires, and the amount of carbon emission is 176 291.39t–235 055.23t, about 8% of total national emission from forest fires. The emission of CO₂, CO, CH₄ and NMHC from forest fires in Heilongjiang Province are estimated at 581761.6–775682.25 t, 34892.275–46523.04 t, 14091.11–18788.15 t and 6500–9000 t, respectively, every year.

The structural diversity of different tree-crop associations were studied at Gachabari Sal forest area of Madhupur Garh on Buffer and Peripheral Zone during 2006. The total density, basal area of trees in the Buffer and Peripheral Zone were 155.5 trees·hm⁻², 795.4 trees·hm⁻² and 3.9 m²·hm⁻², 5.8 m²·hm⁻², respectively. No regeneration and natural trees were found in Peripheral Zone and the Zone is totally occupied by exotic species where the Buffer Zone comprised of both natural and exotic trees. The Peripheral Zone belonged to younger and smaller trees whereas the Buffer Zone belonged to mixture of smaller, taller, younger and mature trees simultaneously. For the practicing of different agroforestry systems both Zones have lost their original characters of Sal forest.

Status of organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), available potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in three different depths (0–5 cm, 5–15 cm and 15–30 cm) on two hill slopes of 35% and 55% in orange orchard cultivated by the Mro tribe of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) were evaluated and compared with those in degraded bush forests, through digging three profiles in each land use. The content of all the five nutrients was found to be higher in the soil of orange orchard than in the soil of forest. But the variation was not consistent for both the slopes. The content varied depth wise also, having the highest value in surface soil in case of both the land uses on both the slopes. A mean available K content was significantly higher in orange orchard than in forest on 55% slope, while it was lower on 35% slope. Surface soil contained the nutrients of K and Ca with the amount of 0.2905-mg·g⁻¹ soil and 3.025-mg·g⁻¹ soil respectively in the orchard, while 0.1934-mg·g⁻¹ soil and 1.6083-mg·g⁻¹ soil were respectively in the forest. Organic carbon and total nitrogen were found more or less similar in surface soil on both the land uses showing a slight difference. Available P was found only in orange orchard, and in forest it was too little in amount to detect by the spectrophotometer. The degraded forests were poor in nutrient content due to high rate of soil erosion, which would be possible to be improved by bringing it under tree cover as proved by the adaptation of orange orchard there.

An orthogonal design was used to optimize SSR-PCR amplification system using Panax ginseng genomic DNA as template. Four levels of five factors (DNA template, Taq DNA polymerase, Mg²⁺, primer, and dNTP) and annealing temperature have been tested separately in this system. The results demonstrated the reaction efficiency was affected by these factors. Based on the results, a stable, productive and reproducible PCR system and cycling program for amplifying a ginseng SSR locus were obtained: 20 µL system containing 1.0 U Taq DNA polymerase, 2.0 mmol·L⁻¹ Mg²⁺, 0.2 mmol·L⁻¹ dNTPs, 0.3 µmol·L⁻¹ SSR primer, 60 ng·µL⁻¹ DNA template, performed with a program of 94°C for 5 min, 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 56.3°C for 30 s, 72°C for 1 min, 37 cycles, finishing at 72°C for 7 min, and storing at 4°C.

The dynamic changes of protein polypeptide in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba seeds during seed germination were studied by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The results showed that 80 kinds of protein spots in endosperms of Gingkgo biloba were clear observed in the 2-DE spectrum. Protein molecular weights were in the range of 26–52kD, and their isoelectric points were in the range of 5.8–7.8. In the course of seed germination, 13 kinds of proteins were degraded, and 13 kinds of proteins were synthesized; 7 kinds of proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points of 35kD/pI6.8, 31kD/pI6.8, 29kD/pI6.8, 33kD/pI6.6, 33kD/pI 6.4, 34kD/ pI7.7 and 31kD/pI7.7 were identified primarily as vegetative storage proteins (VSPs).

In Yunnan, 8 major aspects of biodiversity and fragility in landforms, ecosystems, distribution populations, alien invasion, segregation, pollution and maladministration with various menace factors causing biodiversity loss have been described. It is revealed that the facts that the biodiversity and fragility coexists in this paper. Accordingly, 6 major countermeasures for effective conservation and rational utilization of the provincial biodiversity were suggested on the basis of the scientific development concepts, principles of nature protection, conservation biology, resource management and ethnobotany and present status in Yunnan with rich intangible resources such as climatic, ethnical and cultural diversity, etc.

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important and particular component of forest ecosystems and is extremely important to forest health. This review describes the decomposition process, decomposition model and influence factors. CWD decomposition is a complex and continuous process and characterizes many biological and physical processes, including biological respiration, leaching, and fragmentation. All these processes have closed relationships between each other and work synergistically. During decomposition, there are many controlling factors mainly including site conditions (temperature, humidity, and O₂/CO₂ concentration), woody substrate quality (diameter, species and compound) and organism in CWD. The decomposition rate is generally expresses through a constant k which indicate the percent mass, volume or density loss over time, and can be determined by long-term monitoring, chronosequence approach and the radio between input and the total mass. Now using mathematical models to simulate decomposition patterns and estimate the decomposition rate is widely applied, especially the exponential model. We brought forward that managing and utilizing for the CWD in forest was a primary objective on all forest lands. And it is should be intensified to integrate many related research subjects and to carry a comprehensive, long-term and multi-scale research which mainly focus on seven sections.

Interactions of fire cycle and plant species’ reproductive characteristics could determine vegetation distribution pattern of a landscape. In Canada’s boreal region, fire cycles before the Little Ice Age (c. 1850s) ranged from 30–130 years and 25–234 years afterwards until the settlement period (c. 1930s) when longer fire cycles occurred in response to climatic change and human interference. Analysis indicated that fire cycles were correlated with growing season (April–October) temperature and precipitation departure from the 1961–1990 normal, varying by regions. Assuming that wildfires will respond to future warming similar to the manner during the past century, an assessment using climatic change scenarios CGCM1, CGCM2 and HadCM2 indicates fire cycles would divert to a range of 80–140 years in the west taiga shield, more than 700 years for the east boreal shield and east taiga shield, and 300–400 years for the boreal plains in 2050.

The extract of green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim was extracted by common method for studying its insecticidal activities and analyzing the active components. Results showed that the alcohol extract and the chloroform part of extract (separated with chloroform from alcohol extract) form green peel of J. mandshurica have insecticidal activities in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity against larvae of Lymantria dispar L. After application of the extracts for five days, the corrected mortality of larvae of Lymantria dispar for both extracts was more than 50% in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity at the concentration of ≥ 5 g·L⁻¹. The insecticidal activity for both alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract is more effect in contact toxicity than in stomach toxicity, but no significant difference in the insecticidal activities was found between alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract. The active components in the chloroform part of extract from green peel of J. mandshurica were analyzed by GC-MS. The analyzed results showed that the active components in the chloroform part of extract are: (1) juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthaoquinone), the relative content 27.11%, (2) 1,5-Naphthalenediol, the relative content 9.52%, (3) 7-Methoxy-1-tetralone, the relative content 6.81%, (4) Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-, the relative content 6.76%, (5) 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, the relative content 3.99%, (6) 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, the relative content 3.05%.

Thirty-six species and 1 subspecies belonging to 12 genera, 3 subfamilies of the family Eumolpidae collected from Mao’ershan region (Heilongjiang Province) of China are listed in this paper, including one new record species, Cryptocephalus yamadai Chûjô, 1940, from China. Description and photos of the new record species are also provided.

Solanesol is an important secondary metabolite in Nicotiana tabacum. Distribution of solanesol in Nicotiana tabacum was investigated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The quantitative distribution of solanesol in various organs and tissues of N. tabacum showed that solanesol content, obviously different in all organs, was 6.8, 18.3, 27.5, 45.8, and 68.0 times higher in leaves than that in the stalks, flowers, seeds, fruits and roots, respectively. The contents of solanesol in various parts of leaf, stalk and flower were determined. The content of solanesol in top leaf, middle leaf and bottom leaf gradually decreased (6.124, 5.813 and 5.687 mg·g⁻¹, respectively) and the content of solanesol in various leaf-parts (leaf apex, leaf middle and leaf base) also gradually decreased. The content of solanesol in top stalk was 1.19 times and 1.92 times higher than that in the middle stalk and the bottom stalk, respectively. The content of solanesol in various tissues of stalk (epidermis, cortex and stele) dramatically decreased. The sepal contained higher concentration of solanesol (1.192 mg·g⁻¹) compared to any other parts in flower. The study will provide the base data for the regulation and control of solanesol, moreover, it will provide the scientific evidences for the rational development and utilization of N. tabacum resources.

The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distinguished with Tullgren and Baermann methods under three Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. plantations in Zhanggutai sandy land, China. In addition, soil N mineralization rate was also measured with PVC closed-top tube in situ incubation method. The soil animals collected during growing season belonged to 13 orders, 5 groups, 4 phyla, whose average density was 86 249.17 individuals·m⁻². There were significant differences in soil animal species, densities, diversities and evenness among three plantations. Permanent grazing resulted in decrease of soil animal species and diversity. The average ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates were 0.48 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹, 3.68 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹ and 4.16 g·m⁻²·a⁻¹, respectively. The ammonification rate in near-mature forest was higher than that in middle-age forests, while the order of nitrification and net mineralization rates was: middle-age forest without grazing < middle-age forest with grazing < near-mature forest with grazing (P<0.05). Soil N mineralization rate increased with soil animal amounts, but no significant relationship with diversity. The contribution of soil animals to N mineralization was different for different ecosystems due to influences of complex factors including grazing, soil characteristics, the quality and amount of litter on N mineralization.

By testing soil organic matter (SOM) contents, soil water contents (SWC) within low suctions, and saturated infiltration rates of samples taken from east slope of Gongga Mountain of China, the enhancive effects of SOM contents on SWC within low suctions and saturated infiltration rates were quantified. The simulated functions might be applied on regional experience forest-hydrology model. The improving function of protecting forest floor and increasing SOM contents on forest ecosystem hydrological effects were also embodied.

Arabinogalactan (AG) obtained from Larix gmelinii R. was purified with the method of macroporous resin adsorption. Effects of various parameters on the adsorption, including adsorption time and temperature, the concentration and the dosage of raw AG, the reused numbers of resin, were investigated. The effect of purification was tested through the removal rate of impurity and the contents of AG and impurity. The optimal condition was determined as follows: adsorbed at 30°C for 2 h with the concentration of raw AG <0.1 g·mL⁻¹ and its dosage < 7 mL, the dose of resin was 3 g and reused for 4 times. On the basis of these, macroporous resin column was used for AG purification. The result showed that the AG yield could reach 68.28% with sugar content of 95.02%. The analysis of IR and UV showed that the effect of macroporous resin characteristics on the purification of AG was significant. The obtained product had the same functional groups with standard sample.