Highly efficient inorganic phosphors activated with Bi³⁺ are increasingly needed due to their fascinating multicolor luminescence and versatile applications. Nevertheless, achieving high external quantum efficiency (EQE) is challenging. Here, ordering A sites in double perovskite structure develops a highly efficient Bi³⁺-activated A₂BB'O₆ phosphor, in which the EQE is boosted by 3.9 times. The transformation from the disordered A sites in Ca₂LaNbO₆ (CLNO) to the ordered A sites in Ca₂YNbO₆ (CYNO) occurs via the full substitution of Y³⁺ for La³⁺. Bi³⁺ activators occupy the A and B sites, which is confirmed by direct aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) proof, as well as the theoretical and spectral proofs. Subsequently, a representative CYNO:1%Bi³⁺ product is practically applied, exhibiting superior fluorescence thermometer (S_r-max = 3.12% K⁻¹ at 473 K), high color rendering index lighting (R_a = 91), and accurate latent fingerprint detecting performances. This work invigorates the progress of Bi³⁺-activated phosphors with high EQE for versatile utilizations.

Inorganic halide perovskites (IHPs) have emerged as promising materials for next-generation synaptic memory, owing to their tunable bandgap, long charge-carrier diffusion lengths, fast ion migration, and environmental sustainability. Their unique properties make them particularly attractive for resistive switching memory devices (RSMDs), which are increasingly being explored as artificial synaptic devices for neuromorphic computing. Pb-free IHPs can emulate biological synapses at both electrical and optical levels, enabling low-power, multifunctional, and highly efficient neuromorphic architectures. Their versatility enables multimodal sensing, adaptive synaptic responses, and associative learning, which are crucial for advanced neuromorphic functions such as pattern recognition, in-memory logic operations, and optoelectronic sensory processing. Additionally, the chemical flexibility of IHPs allows for compositional tuning and structural engineering, which can be leveraged to enhance switching uniformity, reduce power consumption, and improve device reliability, making them strong candidates for large-scale integration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Pb-free IHP-based RSMDs, covering synthesis strategies, switching mechanisms, key performance metrics, and material-dependent behaviors. Device architectures and engineering approaches to improve stability, efficiency, and scalability have also been discussed. Current challenges are examined, and perspectives are presented for advancing high-performance, non-toxic IHP-based synaptic memory as a potential platform for next-generation neuromorphic computing.

Coupled limitations in ionic and thermal transport remain a central challenge for practical solid-state batteries (SSBs), particularly under fast-charging conditions and with high-mass-loading cathodes. Here we introduce a bicontinuous architecture in composite cathodes, achieved through controlled phase separation between an ionic liquid and a polymer matrix. Phase separation is induced by the solvent-dependent solubility difference between polymer and the ionic liquid complex, generating a bicontinuous network that offers continuous pathways for accelerated Li⁺ transport and efficient thermal dissipation simultaneously. Density functional theory calculations and finite-element simulations reveal that this structure concurrently accelerates lithium-ion transport and facilitates thermal dissipation. This dual enhancement suppresses reaction polarization in thick cathodes, markedly boosting the rate capability of SSBs. A LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ cathode containing 90 wt% active material with a practical loading of 15 mg cm⁻² delivers a specific capacity of 107.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C and room temperature, over two orders of magnitude higher than conventional homogeneous cathodes. The system further sustains >100 mAh g⁻¹ across an exceptionally wide temperature window, from −10°C (0.7 C) to 100°C (30 C). At an even higher loading of 25 mg cm⁻², the cell achieves an areal capacity of 3.2 mAh cm⁻² at 1 C (4.5 mA cm⁻²). These findings establish a generalizable design principle for multifunctional cathodes that integrate high energy and power density with robust thermal regulation, advancing the development of next-generation SSBs.

MXenes have attracted significant attention as next-generation energy storage materials owing to their excellent physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, severe self-stacking of MXene nanosheets substantially compromises their electrochemical performance and has emerged as a bottleneck issue in energy storage applications. Pore engineering is recognized as an effective approach to address this issue, including out-of-plane and in-plane pores. Contrary to out-of-plane pore creation, which commonly employs physical or chemical modulation for pore formation as interlayer gaps or channel structures between adjacent nanosheets, in-plane pore creation involves constructing nanoscale pore structures directly on MXene nanosheets, enabling simultaneous improvement of ion diffusion without compromising high packing density. However, the physicochemical properties of MXenes vary depending on their synthesis methods, thus requiring tailored in-plane pore construction strategies. This review emphasizes the relatively underexplored area of in-plane pore construction, systematically classifying and evaluating various strategies while elucidating the structure-performance relationships. Furthermore, we identify key challenges in the scalable fabrication of porous MXenes, providing insightful perspectives for future research directions toward practical energy storage applications.

The rapid expansion of the low-altitude economy has driven growing demand for carbon fiber/epoxy composites in applications including unmanned aerial vehicles and electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft. However, the characteristically low through-plane thermal conductivity (λ_⊥) of these composites poses a critical thermal conduction limitation, which adversely affects the performance and reliability of onboard electronic systems. In this work, we present an architectural design to improve the λ_⊥ of mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber (MPCF)/epoxy composites by incorporating precisely engineered spherical thermally reduced graphene (s-TRG) as a bridging filler. At a loading of 10 wt% s-TRG and 60 wt% MPCF, the MPCF/s-TRG/epoxy composite achieves a λ_⊥ of 2.73 W m^–1 K^–1, representing a 173.0% improvement over the MPCF/epoxy composite (1.00 W m^–1 K^–1) and about 1.71 times the λ_⊥ of its conventional TRG-filled analogue (1.60 W m^–1 K^–1). Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the enhancement originates from the isotropic spherical architecture of s-TRG, which facilitates efficient multi-point bridging within the three-dimensional interlaminar space, thereby overcoming the limited through-plane contact characteristic of planar graphene sheets. This work not only provides an efficient filler structural design strategy for thermal enhancement but also suggests a feasible route toward managing heat in high power density electronics for next-generation lightweight low-altitude aircraft.

Driven by advances in artificial intelligence, flexible electronics, and intelligent sensing, modern optoelectronics are moving from static single-band detection to dynamic broad-spectrum perception. This demands photodetectors with stable, continuous ultraviolet (UV)–short-wave infrared (SWIR) response for multimodal fusion and high-fidelity recognition in complex environments. Compared with conventional inorganic semiconductors, perovskites, and low-dimensional materials, organic semiconductors are promising owing to tunable molecular structures, solution processability, and intrinsic flexibility. Given rapid progress in materials and devices, a systematic review is vital for guiding future research. Molecular engineering (donor-acceptor (D-A) structures, quinoidal units, end-group functionalization) extends organic photodetector spectral response beyond 1.5 μm. Device innovations (optical microcavities, thick active layers, floating-gate designs) enhance specific detectivity, response speed, and spectral tunability, with performance comparable to inorganic counterparts. This review summarizes recent advances in organic broad-spectrum photodetectors, from materials to device physics, highlighting synergies of molecular design, intermolecular interactions, and device architecture. It also covers emerging applications (health monitoring, broad spectrum imaging, optical communication, organic spectroscopy), showing their progression to practicality. Prospects lie in neuromorphic devices and integrated “sensing-memory-computing” systems, key to adaptive, intelligent vision.

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂R) powered with renewable electricity has been considered as a promising approach for carbon emission mitigation and sustainable production of value-added chemicals. Developing active and selective electrocatalysts capable of achieving high multi-carbon product selectivity at low overpotentials remains a critical challenge. In this work, we develop a lanthanum (La) doping strategy to optimize Cu-based catalysts for enhanced CO₂R performance. As a result, the optimized La-modified CuO catalyst achieves a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of over 75% toward multi-carbon products at a modest potential of approximately −0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, achieving a practical relevant current density of over 200 mA cm⁻². This high selectivity represents a twofold enhancement over state-of-the-art CuO-based catalysts under identical conditions. Detailed kinetic assessments and mechanistic investigations reveal that La incorporation enhance *CO binding strength on Cu and facilitate CO—CO dimerization, thereby facilitating the production of multi-carbon products. Overall, this work establishes an effective approach for boosting multi-carbon production through strategic rare-earth element modification, thereby advancing the development of efficient CO₂R systems for sustainable chemical synthesis.