Recent advances in organic broad-spectrum photodetection materials and devices

Abstract

Driven by advances in artificial intelligence, flexible electronics, and intelligent sensing, modern optoelectronics are moving from static single-band detection to dynamic broad-spectrum perception. This demands photodetectors with stable, continuous ultraviolet (UV)–short-wave infrared (SWIR) response for multimodal fusion and high-fidelity recognition in complex environments. Compared with conventional inorganic semiconductors, perovskites, and low-dimensional materials, organic semiconductors are promising owing to tunable molecular structures, solution processability, and intrinsic flexibility. Given rapid progress in materials and devices, a systematic review is vital for guiding future research. Molecular engineering (donor-acceptor (D-A) structures, quinoidal units, end-group functionalization) extends organic photodetector spectral response beyond 1.5 μm. Device innovations (optical microcavities, thick active layers, floating-gate designs) enhance specific detectivity, response speed, and spectral tunability, with performance comparable to inorganic counterparts. This review summarizes recent advances in organic broad-spectrum photodetectors, from materials to device physics, highlighting synergies of molecular design, intermolecular interactions, and device architecture. It also covers emerging applications (health monitoring, broad spectrum imaging, optical communication, organic spectroscopy), showing their progression to practicality. Prospects lie in neuromorphic devices and integrated “sensing-memory-computing” systems, key to adaptive, intelligent vision.

Keywords

broad-spectrum detection / molecular engineering / non-fullerene acceptors / organic photodetectors

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