Modulation of morphogenesis and metabolism by plant cell biomechanics: from model plants to traditional herbs

Abstract

The quality of traditional herbs depends on organ morphogenesis and the accumulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients. While recent research highlights the significance of cell mechanobiology in model plant morphogenesis, our understanding of mechanical signal initiation and transduction in traditional herbs remains incomplete. Recent studies reveal a close correlation between cell wall (CW) biosynthesis and active ingredient production, yet the role of cell mechanics in balancing morphogenesis and secondary metabolism is often overlooked. This review explores how the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and vacuole collaborate to regulate cell mechanics and respond to mechanical changes. We propose CW biosynthesis as a hub in connecting cell mechanics with secondary metabolism and emphasize that understanding the relationship between mechanical remodeling and secondary metabolism could provide new insights into plant cell mechanobiology and the breeding of high-quality herbs.

Acknowledgements

Icons of plants in Fig. 4 were acquired from BioRrender.com. We apologize to those authors whose excellent work could not be cited owing to space limitations. Preparation of this review was supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (82325049), Science and Technology Innovation Project of CACMS (CI2023D001/CI2023E002-04), and Key project at central government level (2060302).

Author contributions

Z.W. and X.Y. wrote and edited the article; L.H. and Y.Y. reviewed and edited the article; Z.W., L.H., and Y.Y. designed figures; and Y.Y. contributed the main idea.

Conflict of interest statement

No conflict of interest is declared.

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