PDF
(2516KB)
Abstract
Phagraphene is a very attractive two-dimensional (2D) full carbon allotrope with very interesting mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermal properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of this new graphene like 2D material. In this work, mechanical properties of phagraphene have been studied not only in the defect-free form, but also with the critical defect of line cracks, using the classical molecular dynamics simulations. Our study shows that the pristine phagraphene in zigzag direction experience a ductile behavior under uniaxial tensile loading and the nanosheet in this direction are less sensitive to temperature changes as compared to the armchair direction. We studied different crack lengths to explore the influence of defects on the mechanical properties of phagraphene. We also investigated the temperature effect on the mechanical properties of pristine and defective phagraphene. Our classical atomistic simulation results confirm that larger cracks can reduce the strength of the phagraphene. Moreover, it was shown the temperature has a considerable weakening effect on the tensile strength of phagraphene. The results of this study may be useful for the design of nano-devices using the phagraphene.
Keywords
phaqraphene
/
mechanical properties
/
crack propaqation
/
molecular dynamics
/
thermal effects
Cite this article
Download citation ▾
Ali Hossein Nezhad SHIRAZI.
Molecular dynamics investigation of mechanical properties of single-layer phagraphene.
Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2019, 13(2): 495-503 DOI:10.1007/s11709-018-0492-4
| [1] |
Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306(5696): 666–669
|
| [2] |
Geim A K, Novoselov K S. The rise of graphene. Nature Materials, 2007, 6(3): 183–191
|
| [3] |
Stankovich S, Dikin D A, Piner R D, Kohlhaas K A, Kleinhammes A, Jia Y, Wu Y, Nguyen S B T, Ruoff R S. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon, 2007, 45(7): 1558–1565
|
| [4] |
Stankovich S, Piner R D, Chen X, Wu N, Nguyen S T, Ruoff R S. Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2006, 16(2): 155–158
|
| [5] |
Wang X, Zhi L, Müllen K. Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Letters, 2008, 8(1): 323–327
|
| [6] |
Ghosh S, Calizo I, Teweldebrhan D, Pokatilov E P, Nika D L, Balandin A A, Bao W, Miao F, Lau C N. Extremely high thermal conductivity of graphene: prospects for thermal management applications in nanoelectronic circuits. Applied Physics Letters, 2008, 92(15): 151911
|
| [7] |
Geim A K. Graphene: status and prospects. Science, 2009, 324(5934): 1530–1534
|
| [8] |
Novoselov K S. Graphene: Materials in the Flatland. Nobel Lecture, 2010, 106–131
|
| [9] |
Geim A K. Nobel Lecture: random walk to graphene. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2011, 83(3): 851–862
|
| [10] |
Mortazavi B, Pereira L F C, Jiang J W, Rabczuk T. Modelling heat conduction in polycrystalline hexagonal boron-nitride films. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5(1): 13228
|
| [11] |
Eigler S. Graphene. An Introduction to the Fundamentals and Industrial Applications. Edited by Madhuri Sharon and Maheshwar Sharon. Angewandte Chemie International Editon. Wiley-Blackwell, 2016, doi: 10.1002/anie.201602067
|
| [12] |
Sainsbury T, Gnaniah S, Spencer S J, Mignuzzi S, Belsey N A, Paton K R, Satti A. Extreme mechanical reinforcement in graphene oxide based thin-film nanocomposites via covalently tailored nanofiller matrix compatibilization. Carbon, 2017, 114: 367–376
|
| [13] |
Kim Y, Lee J, Yeom M S, Shin J W, Kim H, Cui Y, Kysar J W, Hone J, Jung Y, Jeon S, Han S M. Strengthening effect of single-atomic-layer graphene in metal–graphene nanolayered composites. Nature Communications, 2013, 4, doi: 10.1038/ncomms3114
|
| [14] |
Mortazavi B, Hassouna F, Laachachi A, Rajabpour A, Ahzi S, Chapron D, Toniazzo V, Ruch D. Experimental and multiscale modeling of thermal conductivity and elastic properties of PLA/expanded graphite polymer nanocomposites. Thermochimica Acta, 2013, 552: 106–113
|
| [15] |
Mortazavi B, Rabczuk T. Multiscale modeling of heat conduction in graphene laminates. Carbon, 2015, 85: 1–7
|
| [16] |
Malekpour H, Chang K H, Chen J C, Lu C Y, Nika D L, Novoselov K S, Balandin A A. Thermal conductivity of graphene laminate. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(9): 5155–5161
|
| [17] |
Mortazavi B, Yang H, Mohebbi F, Cuniberti G, Rabczuk T. Graphene or h-BN paraffin composite structures for the thermal management of Li-ion batteries: a multiscale investigation. Applied Energy, 2017, 202: 323–334
|
| [18] |
Msekh M A, Silani M, Jamshidian M, Areias P, Zhuang X, Zi G, He P, Rabczuk T. Predictions of J integral and tensile strength of clay/epoxy nanocomposites material using phase field model. Composites. Part B, Engineering, 2016, 93: 97–114
|
| [19] |
Almasi A, Silani M, Talebi H, Rabczuk T. Stochastic analysis of the interphase effects on the mechanical properties of clay/epoxy nanocomposites. Composite Structures, 2015, 133: 1302–1312
|
| [20] |
Vu-Bac N, Silani M, Lahmer T, Zhuang X, Rabczuk T. A unified framework for stochastic predictions of mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposites. Computational Materials Science, 2015, 96: 520–535
|
| [21] |
Silani M, Talebi H, Ziaei-Rad S, Kerfriden P, Bordas S P A, Rabczuk T. Stochastic modelling of clay/epoxy nanocomposites. Composite Structures, 2014, 118: 241–249
|
| [22] |
Hamdia K M, Msekh M A, Silani M, Vu-Bac N, Zhuang X, Nguyen-Thoi T, Rabczuk T. Uncertainty quantification of the fracture properties of polymeric nanocomposites based on phase field modeling. Composite Structures, 2015, 133: 1177–1190
|
| [23] |
Mortazavi B, Dianat A, Cuniberti G, Rabczuk, T. Application of silicene, germanene and stanene for Na or Li ion storage: a theoretical investigation. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 213: 865–870
|
| [24] |
Shirazi A H N, Abadi, R, Izadifar M, Alajlan N, Rabczuk T.Mechanical responses of pristine and defective C3N nanosheets studied by molecular dynamics simulations. Computational Materials Science, 2018, 147, 316–321
|
| [25] |
Mahmood J, Lee E K, Jung M, Shin D, Choi H J, Seo J M, Jung S M, Kim D, Li F, Lah M S, Park N, Shin H J, Oh J H, Baek J B. Two-dimensional polyaniline (C3N) from carbonized organic single crystals in solid state. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113(27): 7414–7419
|
| [26] |
Mortazavi B. Ultra high stiffness and thermal conductivity of graphene like C3N. Carbon, 2017, 118: 25–34
|
| [27] |
Mortazavi B, Rahaman O, Rabczuk T, Pereira L F C. Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of nitrogenated holey graphene. Carbon, 2016, 106: 1–8
|
| [28] |
Mortazavi B, Rémond Y, Ahzi S, Toniazzo V. Thickness and chirality effects on tensile behavior of few-layer graphene by molecular dynamics simulations. Computational Materials Science, 2012, 53(1): 298–302
|
| [29] |
Mortazavi B, Rahaman O, Dianat A, Rabczuk T. Mechanical responses of borophene sheets: a first-principles study. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016, 18(39): 27405–27413
|
| [30] |
Mortazavi B, Dianat A, Rahaman O, Cuniberti G, Rabczuk T. Borophene as an anode material for Ca, Mg, Na or Li ion storage: a first-principle study. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 329: 456–461
|
| [31] |
Liu Y, Peng X. Recent advances of supercapacitors based on two-dimensional materials. Applied Material Today, 2017, 8: 104–115
|
| [32] |
Mortazavi B, Shahrokhi M, Rabczuk T, Pereira L F C. Electronic, optical and thermal properties of highly stretchable 2D carbon Ene-yne graphyne. Carbon, 2017, 123: 344–353
|
| [33] |
Liu W R. Graphene-based energy devices. In: Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff, ed. Graphene-Based Energy Devices. Wiley-VCH, 2015, 85–122
|
| [34] |
Xia F, Farmer D B, Lin Y M, Avouris P. Graphene field-effect transistors with high on/off current ratio and large transport band gap at room temperature. Nano Letters, 2010, 10(2): 715–718
|
| [35] |
Panchakarla L S, Subrahmanyam K S, Saha S K, Govindaraj A, Krishnamurthy H R, Waghmare U V, Rao C N R. Synthesis, structure, and properties of boron- and nitrogen-doped graphene. Advanced Materials, 2009, 21: 4726–4730
|
| [36] |
Lherbier A, Blase X, Niquet Y M, Triozon F, Roche S. Charge transport in chemically doped 2D graphene. Physical Review Letters, 2008, 101(3): 036808
|
| [37] |
Liu Z, Ma L, Shi G, Zhou W, Gong Y, Lei S, Yang X, Zhang J, Yu J, Hackenberg K P, Babakhani A, Idrobo J C, Vajtai R, Lou J, Ajayan P M. In-plane heterostructures of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride with controlled domain sizes. Nature Nanotechnology, 2013, 8(2): 119–124
|
| [38] |
Van Tuan D, Kotakoski J, Louvet T, Ortmann F, Meyer J C, Roche S. Scaling properties of charge transport in polycrystalline graphene. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(4): 1730–1735
|
| [39] |
Mortazavi B, Rahaman O, Makaremi M, Dianat A, Cuniberti G, Rabczuk T. First-principles investigation of mechanical properties of silicene, germanene and stanene. Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 2017, 87: 228–232.
|
| [40] |
Cresti A, Nemec N, Biel B, Niebler G, Triozon F, Cuniberti G, Roche S. Charge transport in disordered graphene-based low dimensional materials. Nano Research, 2008, 1(5): 361–394
|
| [41] |
Mortazavi B, Lherbier A, Fan Z, Harju A, Rabczuk T, Charlier J C. Thermal and electronic transport characteristics of highly stretchable graphene kirigami. Nanoscale, 2017, 9(42): 16329–16341
|
| [42] |
Wang Z, Zhou X F, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Dong H, Zhao M, Oganov A R. Phagraphene: a low-energy graphene allotrope composed of 5-6-7 carbon rings with distorted dirac cones. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(9): 6182–6186
|
| [43] |
Liu Y, Chen Z, Hu S, Yu G, Peng Y. The influence of silicon atom doping phagraphene nanoribbons on the electronic and magnetic properties. Materials Science and Engineering B, 2017, 220: 30–36
|
| [44] |
Luo A Y, Hu R, Fan Z Q, Zhang H L, Yuan J H, Yang C H, Zhang Z H. Electronic structure, carrier mobility and device properties for mixed-edge phagraphene nanoribbon by hetero-atom doping. Organic Electronics, 2017, 51: 277–286
|
| [45] |
Yuan P F, Fan Z Q, Zhang Z H. Magneto-electronic properties and carrier mobility in phagraphene nanoribbons: a theoretical prediction. Carbon, 2017, 124: 228–237
|
| [46] |
Pereira L F C, Mortazavi B, Makaremi M, Rabczuk T. Anisotropic thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of phagraphene: a molecular dynamics study. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(63): 57773–57779
|
| [47] |
Abadi R, Uma R P, Izadifar M, Rabczuk T. The effect of temperature and topological defects on fracture strength of grain boundaries in single-layer polycrystalline boron-nitride nanosheet. Computational Materials Science, 2016, 123: 277–286
|
| [48] |
Mortazavi B, Cuniberti G. Mechanical properties of polycrystalline boron-nitride nanosheets. RSC Advances, 2014, 4(37): 19137–19143
|
| [49] |
Abadi R, Uma R P, Izadifar M, Rabczuk T. Investigation of crack propagation and existing notch on the mechanical response of polycrystalline hexagonal boron-nitride nanosheets. Computational Materials Science, 2017, 131: 86–99
|
| [50] |
Talebi H, Silani M, Bordas S P, Kerfriden P, Rabczuk T. Molecular dynamics/XFEM coupling by a three-dimensional extended bridging domain with applications to dynamic brittle fracture. International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering, 2013, 11(6): 527–541
|
| [51] |
Talebi H, Silani M, Rabczuk T. Concurrent multiscale modeling of three dimensional crack and dislocation propagation. Advances in Engineering Software, 2015, 80: 82–92
|
| [52] |
Silani M, Talebi H, Hamouda A M, Rabczuk T. Nonlocal damage modelling in clay/epoxy nanocomposites using a multiscale approach. Journal of Computational Science, 2016, 15: 18–23
|
| [53] |
Talebi H, Silani M, Bordas S P A, Kerfriden P, Rabczuk T. A computational library for multiscale modeling of material failure. Computational Mechanics, 2014, 53(5): 1047–1071
|
| [54] |
Budarapu P R, Gracie R, Bordas S P A, Rabczuk T. An adaptive multiscale method for quasi-static crack growth. Computational Mechanics, 2014, 53(6): 1129–1148
|
| [55] |
Mortazavi B, Cuniberti G, Rabczuk T. Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of graphitic carbon nitride: a molecular dynamics study. Computational Materials Science, 2015, 99: 285–289
|
| [56] |
Hamdia K M, Silani M, Zhuang X, He P, Rabczuk T. Stochastic analysis of the fracture toughness of polymeric nanoparticle composites using polynomial chaos expansions. International Journal of Fracture, 2017, 206(2): 215–227
|
| [57] |
Plimpton S. Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics. Journal of Computational Physics, 1995, 117(1): 1–19
|
| [58] |
Stukowski A. Visualization and analysis of atomistic simulation data with OVITO–the Open Visualization Tool. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 2010, 18(1): 015012
|
| [59] |
Tsai D H. The virial theorem and stress calculation in molecular dynamics. Journal of Chemical Physics, 1979, 70(3): 1375–1382
|
| [60] |
Lee C, Wei X, Kysar J W, Hone J. Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer grapheme. Science, 2008, 321(5887): 385–388
|
| [61] |
Irwin G R. Fracture . In: Flügge S, ed. Elast. Plast. / Elastizität Und Plast. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1958, 551–590
|
| [62] |
Gross D, Seelig T. Fracture Mechanics: With An Introduction to Micromechanics (2nd ed). Heidelberg: Springer, 2011
|
RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS
Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature