Photonic spin Hall effect in PT symmetric metamaterials

Abstract

We proposed and demonstrated that PT symmetric metamaterials could be used to achieve enhanced spin Hall effect (SHE) of light. We find that when laser mode is excited in PT symmetric system, the enhanced SHE could be obtained in both transmitted and reflected beams. In addition, as exceptional points (EPs) of PT symmetric system can happen for both p- and s-polarizations, the enhanced SHE of reflected light can function for both horizontally and vertically polarized incident beams. Particularly, these EPs can lead to unidirectional reflectionlessness, asymmetric SHE with maximum contrast ratio of 48 is obtained by launching light beams near EPs. Our work opens up a new path to obtain enhanced transverse displacement for both reflected and transmitted light and enables more opportunities in manipulating photonic SHE.

Keywords

PT symmetry / exceptional points / laser mode / spin Hall effect

References

[1] M. Onoda, S. Murakami, and N. Nagaosa, Hall effect of light, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(8), 083901 (2004)

[2] O. Hosten and P. Kwiat, Observation of the spin Hall effect of light via weak measurements, Science 319(5864), 787 (2008)

[3] Y. Qin, Y. Li, H. Y. He, and Q. H. Gong, Measurement of spin Hall effect of reflected light, Opt. Lett. 34(17), 2551 (2009)

[4] X. Zhou, X. Ling, Z. Zhang, H. Luo, and S. Wen, Observation of spin Hall effect in photon tunneling via weak measurements, Sci. Rep. 4(1), 7388 (2015)

[5] O. Takayama and G. Puentes, Enhanced spin Hall effect of light by transmission in a polymer, Opt. Lett. 43(6), 1343 (2018)

[6] K. Y. Bliokh and A. Aiello, Goos–Hänchen and Imbert– Fedorov beam shifts: An overview, J. Opt. 15(1), 014001 (2013)

[7] H. Luo, X. Zhou, W. Shu, S. Wen, and D. Fan, Enhanced and switchable spin Hall effect of light near the Brewster angle on reflection, Phys. Rev. A 84(4), 043806 (2011)

[8] L. Kong, X. Wang, S. Li, Y. Li, J. Chen, B. Gu, and H. Wang, Spin Hall effect of reflected light from an air-glass interface around the Brewster’s angle, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100(7), 071109 (2012)

[9] M. Pan, Y. Li, J. Ren, B. Wang, Y. Xiao, H. Yang, and Q. Gong, Impact of in-plane spread of wave vectors on spin Hall effect of light around Brewster’s angle, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(7), 071106 (2013)

[10] Y. Xu, Y. Fu, and H. Chen, Planar gradient metamaterials, Nat. Rev. Mater. 1(12), 16067 (2016)

[11] T. Tang, C. Li, and L. Luo, Enhanced spin Hall effect of tunneling light in hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide, Sci. Rep. 6(1), 30762 (2016)

[12] O. Takayama, J. Sukham, R. Malureanu, A. V. Lavrinenko, and G. Puentes, Photonic spin Hall effect in hyperbolic metamaterials at visible wavelengths, Opt. Lett. 43(19), 4602 (2018)

[13] H. Wang and X. Zhang, Unusual spin Hall effect of a light beam in chiral metamaterials, Phys. Rev. A 83(5), 053820 (2011)

[14] X. Yin, Z. Ye, J. Rho, Y. Wang, and X. Zhang, Photonic spin Hall effect at metasurfaces, Science 339(6126), 1405 (2013)

[15] Y. Fu, L. Xu, Z. Hang, and H. Chen, Unidirectional transmission using array of zero-refractive-index metamaterials, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(19), 193509 (2014)

[16] Y. Fu, Y. Xu, and H. Chen, Additional modes in a waveguide system of zero-index-metamaterials with defects, Sci. Rep. 4(1), 6428 (2015)

[17] Y. Fu, Y. Xu, and H. Chen, Inhomogeneous field in cavities of zero index metamaterials, Sci. Rep. 5(1), 11217 (2015)

[18] W. Zhu and W. She, Enhanced spin Hall effect of transmitted light through a thin epsilon-near-zero slab, Opt. Lett. 40(13), 2961 (2015)

[19] T. Tang, J. Li, L. Luo, P. Sun, and Y. Zhang, Loss enhanced spin Hall effect of transmitted light through anisotropic epsilon-and mu-near-zero metamaterial slab, Opt. Express 25(3), 2347 (2017)

[20] T. Tang, J. Li, Y. Zhang, C. Li, and L. Luo, Spin Hall effect of transmitted light in a three-layer waveguide with lossy epsilon-near-zero metamaterial, Opt. Express 24(24), 28113 (2016)

[21] W. Zhu, J. Yu, H. Guan, H. Lu, J. Tang, Y. Luo, and Z. Chen, Large spatial and angular spin splitting in a thin anisotropic e-near-zero metamaterial, Opt. Express 25(5), 5196 (2017)

[22] L. Feng, R. El-Ganainy, and L. Ge, Non-Hermitian photonics based on parity–time symmetry, Nat. Photonics 11(12), 752 (2017)

[23] Z. Lin, H. Ramezani, T. Eichelkraut, T. Kottos, H. Cao, and D. N. Christodoulides, Unidirectional invisibility induced by PT-symmetric periodic structures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(21), 213901 (2011)

[24] L. Feng, Y. L. Xu, W. S. Fegadolli, M. H. Lu, J. E. B. Oliveira, V. R. Almeida, Y. F. Chen, and A. Scherer, Experimental demonstration of a unidirectional reflectionless parity–time metamaterial at optical frequencies, Nat. Mater. 12(2), 108 (2013)

[25] S. Longhi, PT-symmetric laser absorber, Phys. Rev. A 82(3), 031801 (2010)

[26] Y. D. Chong, L. Ge, and A. D. Stone, PT-symmetry breaking and laser-absorber modes in optical scattering systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(9), 093902 (2011)

[27] M. Tang, X. Zhou, H. Luo, and S. Wen, Spin Hall effect of a light beam in anisotropic metamaterials, Chin. Phys. B 21(12), 124201 (2012)

[28] Y. Cao, Y. Fu, Q. Zhou, Y. Xu, L. Gao, and H. Chen, Giant Goos-Hänchen shift induced by bounded states in optical PT-symmetric bilayer structures, Opt. Express 27(6), 7857 (2019)

[29] Y. Fu, Y. Xu, and H. Chen, Zero index metamaterials with PT symmetry in a waveguide system, Opt. Express 24(2), 1648 (2016)

[30] Y. Fu, X. Zhang, Y. Xu, and H. Chen, Design of zero index metamaterials with PT symmetry using epsilon-nearzero media with defects, J. Appl. Phys. 121(9), 094503 (2017)

[31] X. Zhou and X. Ling, Unveiling the photonic spin Hall effect with asymmetric spin-dependent splitting, Opt. Express 24(3), 3025 (2016)

[32] X. Zhou, X. Lin, Z. Xiao, T. Low, A. Alù,B. Zhang, and H. Sun, Controlling photonic spin Hall effect via exceptional points, Phys. Rev. B 100(1), 013813 (2019)

[33] R. Bai, C. Zhang, X. Gu, X. Jin, Y. Zhao, and Y. Lee, Switching the unidirectional reflectionlessness by polarization in non-ideal PT metamaterial based on the phase coupling, Sci. Rep. 7(1), 10742 (2017)

[34] Z. Wong, Y. Xu, J. Kim, K. O’Brien, Y. Wang, L. Feng, and X. Zhang, Lasing and anti-lasing in a single cavity, Nat. Photonics 10(12), 796 (2016)

[35] L. Ge and L. Feng, Contrasting eigenvalue and singularvalue spectra for lasing and antilasing in a PT-symmetric periodic structure, Phys. Rev. A 95(1), 013813 (2017)

[36] Y. Xu, Y. Fu, and H. Chen, Electromagnetic wave propagations in conjugate metamaterials,Opt. Express 25(5), 4952(2017)

[37] Y. Fu, Y. Cao, S. A. Cummer, Y. Xu, and H. Chen, Coherent perfect absorber and laser modes in purely imaginary metamaterials, Phys. Rev. A 96(4), 043838 (2017)

[38] P. Bai, K. Ding, G. Wang, J. Luo, Z. Zhang, C. T. Chan, Y. Wu, and Y. Lai, Simultaneous realization of a coherent perfect absorber and laser by zero-index media with both gain and loss, Phys. Rev. A 94(6), 063841 (2016)

[39] Y. Fu, Y. Xu, and H. Chen, Negative refraction based on purely imaginary metamaterials, Front. Phys. 13(4), 134206 (2018)

[40] Y. Fu, Y. Xu, H. Chen, and S. A. Cummer, Coherent perfect absorption and laser modes in a cylindrical structure of conjugate metamaterials, New J. Phys. 20, 013015 (2018)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2019 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature