
Gamma-ray bursts in the swift-Fermi era
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most violent occurrences in the universe. They are powerful explosions, visible to high redshift, and thought to be the signature of black hole birth. They are highly luminous events and provide excellent probes of the distant universe. GRB research has greatly advanced over the past 10 years with the results from Swift, Fermi and an active follow-up community. In this review we survey the interplay between these recent observations and the theoretical models of the prompt GRB emission and the subsequent afterglows.
gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) / Swift / Fermi
[1] |
R. W. Klebesadel, I. B. Strong, and R. A. Olson, Astrophys. J., 1973, 182: L85
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[2] |
C. A. Meegan, G. J. Fishman, R. B. Wilson, W. S. Paciesas, G. N. Pendleton, J. M. Horack, M. N. Brock, and C. Kouveliotou, Nature, 1992, 355(6356): 143
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[3] |
C. Kouveliotou, C. A. Meegan, G. J. Fishman, N. P. Bhat, M. S. Briggs, T. M. Koshut, W. S. Paciesas, and G. N. Pendleton, Astrophys. J., 1993, 413: 101
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[4] |
E. Costa, F. Frontera, J. Heise, M. Feroci,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[5] |
J. van Paradijs, P. J. Groot, T. Galama, C. Kouveliotou,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[6] |
F. A. Harrison, J. S. Bloom, D. A. Frail, R. Sari,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[7] |
N. Gehrels, G. Chincarini, P. Giommi, K. O. Mason,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[8] |
S. D. Barthelmy, L. M. Barbier, J. R. Cummings, E. E. Fenimore,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[9] |
D. N. Burrows, J. E. Hill, J. A. Nousek, J. A. Kennea,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[10] |
P. W. A. Roming, T. E. Kennedy, K. O. Mason, J. A. Nousek,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[11] |
P. T. O’Brien, R. Willingale, J. Osborne, M. R. Goad,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[12] |
N. Gehrels, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, and D. B. Fox, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 2009, 47(1): 567
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[13] |
J. A. Nousek, C. Kouveliotou, D. Grupe, K. L. Page,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[14] |
B. Zhang, Y. Z. Fan, J. Dyks, S. Kobayashi, P. Meszaros, D. N. Burrows, J. A. Nousek, and N. Gehrels, Astrophys. J., 2006, 642(1): 354
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[15] |
D. N. Burrows, P. Romano, A. Falcone, S. Kobayashi,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[16] |
A. S. Fruchter, A. J. Levan, L. Strolger, P. M. Vreeswijk,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[17] |
A. I. MacFayden and S. E. Woosley, Astrophys. J., 1999, 524: 262
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[18] |
V. V. Usov, Nature, 1992, 357: 472
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[19] |
A. M. Soderberg, S. R. Kulkarni, E. Nakar, E. Berger,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[20] |
C. Meegan, G. Lichti, P. N. Bhat, E. Bissaldi,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[21] |
W. B. Atwood, A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, W. Althouse,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[22] |
A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Arimoto, K. Asano,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[23] |
A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, K. Asano,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[24] |
M. Ackermann, K. Asano, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[25] |
A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, K. Asano,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[26] |
M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, K. Asano, M. Axelsson,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[27] |
A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, K. Asano,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[28] |
M. De Pasquale, P. Schady, N. P. M. Kuin, M. J. Page,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[29] |
S. Razzaque, Astrophys. J. Lett., 2010, 724(1): L109
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[30] |
H. N. He, X. F. Wu, K. Toma, X.Y. Wang, and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2011, 733(1): 22
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[31] |
N. Kawai, G. Kosugi, K. Aoki, T. Yamada,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[32] |
J. Greiner, T. Krühler, J. P. U. Fynbo, A. Rossi,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[33] |
N. R. Tanvir, D. B. Fox, A. J. Levan, E. Berger,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[34] |
R. Salvaterra, M. D. Valle, S. Campana, G. Chincarini,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[35] |
A. Cucchiara,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[36] |
S. Savaglio, New J. Phys., 2006, 8(9): 195
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[37] |
E. M. Levesque, A. M. Soderberg, L. J. Kewley, and E. Berger, Astrophys. J., 2010, 725(1): 1337
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[38] |
M. D. Kistler, H. Yüksel, J. F. Beacom, A. M. Hopkins, and J. S. B. Wyithe, Astrophys. J., 2009, 705(2): L104
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[39] |
B. E. Robertson and R. S. Ellis, Astrophys. J., 2012, 744(2): 95
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[40] |
A. M. Hopkins and J. F. Beacom, Astrophys. J., 2006, 651(1): 142
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[41] |
K. Ota, M. Iye, N. Kashikawa, K. Shimasaku,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[42] |
R. J. Bouwens, G. D. Illingworth, M. Franx, and H. Ford, Astrophys. J., 2008, 686(1): 230
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[43] |
P. Madau, F. Haardt, and M. J. Rees, Astrophys. J., 1999, 514(2): 648
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[44] |
D. N. Burrows, J. A. Kennea, G. Ghisellini, V. Mangano,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[45] |
E. Pian, P. A. Mazzali, N. Masetti, P. Ferrero,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[46] |
P. A. Mazzali, J. Deng, K. Nomoto, D. N. Sauer, E. Pian, N. Tominaga, M. Tanaka, K. Maeda, and A. V. Filippenko, Nature, 2006, 442(7106): 1018
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[47] |
A. M. Soderberg, E. Berger, K. L. Page, P. Schady,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[48] |
E. Liang, B. Zhang, and Z. G. Dai, Astrophys. J., 2007, 662(2): 1111
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[49] |
N. Gehrels, C. L. Sarazin, P. T. O’Brien, B. Zhang,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[50] |
J. S. Bloom, J. X. Prochaska, D. Pooley, C. H. Blake,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[51] |
S. D. Barthelmy, G. Chincarini, D. N. Burrows, N. Gehrels,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[52] |
E. Berger, P. A. Price, S. B. Cenko, A. Gal-Yam,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[53] |
D. B. Fox, D. A. Frail, P. A. Price, S. R. Kulkarni,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[54] |
J. Hjorth, D. Watson, J. P. Fynbo, P. A. Price, B. L. Jensen, U. G. Jøgensen, D. Kubas, J. Gorosabel, P. Jakobsson, J. Sollerman, K. Pedersen, and C. Kouveliotou, Nature, 2005, 437(7060): 859
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[55] |
J. S. Villasenor, D. Q. Lamb, G. R. Ricker, J. L. Atteia,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[56] |
C. N. Leibler and E. Berger, Astrophys. J., 2010, 725(1): 1202
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[57] |
W. Fong, E. Berger, and D. B. Fox, Astrophys. J., 2010, 708(1): 9
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[58] |
E. Nakar, Phys. Rep., 2007, 442(1-6): 166
|
[59] |
D. Eichler, M. Livio, T. Piran, and D. N. Schramm, Nature, 1989, 340(6229): 126
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[60] |
B. Paczynski, Acta Astronomica, 1991, 41: 257
|
[61] |
B. Zhang, B. B. Zhang, F. J. Virgili, E. W. Liang, D. A. Kann, X. F. Wu, D. Proga, H. J. Lv, K. Toma, P. Mészáros, D. N. Burrows, P. W. A. Roming, and N. Gehrels, Astrophys. J., 2009, 703(2): 1696
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[62] |
O. Bromberg, E. Nakar, T. Piran, and R. ’e. Sari, arXiv: 1210.0068 [astro-ph.HE], 2012
|
[63] |
N. Gehrels and P. Mészáros, Science, 2012, 337(6097): 932
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[64] |
P. Mészáros and N. Gehrels, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2012, 12(8): 1139
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[65] |
D. N. Burrows, D. Grupe, M. Capalbi, A. Panaitescu, S. K. Patel, C. Kouveliotou, B. Zhang, P. Meszaros, G. Chincarini, N. Gehrels, and R. A. M. Wijers, Astrophys. J., 2006, 653(1): 468
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[66] |
W. Fong, E. Berger, R. Margutti, B. A. Zauderer, E. Troja, I. Czekala, R. Chornock, N. Gehrels, T. Sakamoto, D. B. Fox, and P. Podsiadlowski, Astrophys. J., 2012, 756(2): 189
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[67] |
J. P. Norris and J. T. Bonnell, Astrophys. J., 2006, 643(1): 266
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[68] |
N. Gehrels, J. P. Norris, S. D. Barthelmy, J. Granot,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[69] |
L. S. Finn, S. Mohanty, and J. Romano, Phys. Rev. D, 1999, 60(12): 121101
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[70] |
N. Gehrels and J. K. Cannizzo, Philosophical Trans. A, 2012 (accepted)
|
[71] |
S. T. Holland,
|
[72] |
C. B. Markwardt,
|
[73] |
J. P. U. Fynbo, D. Watson, C. C. Thöne, J. Sollerman,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[74] |
A. Gal-Yam, D. B. Fox, P. A. Price, E. O. Ofek,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[75] |
M. Della Valle, G. Chincarini, N. Panagia, G. Tagliaferri,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[76] |
S. B. Cenko, N. R. Butler, E. O. Ofek, D. A. Perley,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[77] |
P. Chandra, S. B. Cenko, D. A. Frail, R. A. Chevalier,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[78] |
K. Onda, M. S. Tashiro, Y. E. Nakagawa, K. Yamaoka,
|
[79] |
M. M. Kasliwal, S. B. Cenko, S. R. Kulkarni, P. B. Cameron,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[80] |
J. J. in’t Zand, E. Kuulkers, A. Bazzano, R. Cornelisse, M. Cocchi, J. Heise, J. M. Muller, L. Natalucci, M. J. S. Smith, and P. Ubertini, Astron. Astrophys., 357, 520 (2000)
|
[81] |
J. A. Orosz, E. Kuulkers, M. van der Klis, J. E. McClintock, M. R. Garcia, P. J. Callanan, C. D. Bailyn, R. K. Jain, and R. A. Remillard, Astrophys. J., 2001, 555(1): 489
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[82] |
Y. Tanaka and N. Shibazaki, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 1996, 34(1): 607
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[83] |
R. A. Remillard and J. E. McClintock, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 2006, 44(1): 49
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[84] |
J. K. Cannizzo, W. Chen, and M. Livio, Astrophys. J., 1995, 454: 880
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[85] |
J. K. Cannizzo, Astrophys. J., 1998, 494(1): 366
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[86] |
S. Nayakshin, D. Kazanas, and T. R. Kallman, Astrophys. J., 2000, 535(2): 833
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[87] |
J. C. McKinney and R. D. Blandford, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2009, 394(1): L126
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[88] |
N. Rea, P. G. Jonker, G. Nelemans, J. A. Pons, M. M. Kasliwal, S. R. Kulkarni, and R. Wijnands, Astrophys. J. Lett., 2011, 729(2): L21
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[89] |
V. Simon, R. Hudec, A. J. Castro-Tirado, A. de Ugarte Postigo,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[90] |
G. Dubus, J.-M. Hameury, and J.-P. Lasota, Astron. Astrophys., 2001, 373: 251
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[91] |
J. E. McClintock and R. A. Remillard, Astrophys. J., 1986, 308: 110
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[92] |
C. C. Thöne, A. de Ugarte Postigo, C. L. Fryer, K. L. Page,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[93] |
S. Campana, G. Lodato, P. D’Avanzo, N. Panagia,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[94] |
R. Narayan, B. Paczynski, and T. Piran, Astrophys. J., 1992, 395: L83
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[95] |
M. Vietri and L. Stella, Astrophys. J. Lett., 1999, 527(1): L43
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[96] |
D. A. Frail, S. R. Kulkarni, R. Sari, S. G. Djorgovski, J. S. Bloom, T. J. Galama, D. E. Reichart, E. Berger, F. A. Harrison, P. A. Price, S. A. Yost, A. Diercks, R. W. Goodrich, and F. Chaffee, Astrophys. J., 2001, 562(1): L55
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[97] |
S. B. Cenko, D. A. Frail, F. A. Harrison, S. R. Kulkarni,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[98] |
A. Shemi and T. Piran, Astrophys. J., 1990, 365: L55
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[99] |
P. Mészáros, P. Laguna, and M. J. Rees, Astrophys. J., 1993, 415: 181
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[100] |
P. Mészáros and M. J. Rees, Astrophys. J., 2000, 530(1): 292
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[101] |
E. M. Rossi, A. M. Beloborodov, and M. J. Rees, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2006, 369(4): 1797
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[102] |
M. J. Rees and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 1994, 430: L93
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[103] |
P. Veres and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2012, 755(1): 12
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[104] |
C. D. Dermer, Astrophys. J., 2004, 614(1): 284
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[105] |
S. Kobayashi, T. Piran, and R. ’e. Sari, Astrophys. J., 1997, 490(1): 92
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[106] |
M. V. Medvedev and A. Loeb, Astrophys. J., 1999, 526(2): 697
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[107] |
T. Inoue, K. Asano, and K. Ioka, Astrophys. J., 2011, 734(2): 77
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[108] |
S. Razzaque, P. Mészáros, and B. Zhang, Astrophys. J., 2004, 613(2): 1072
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[109] |
R. D. Preece, M. S. Briggs, R. S. Mallozzi, G. N. Pendleton, W. S. Paciesas, and D. L. Band, Astrophys. J. Lett., 1998, 506(1): L23
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[110] |
Y. Kaneko, R. D. Preece, M. S. Briggs, W. S. Paciesas, C. A. Meegan, and D. L. Band, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 2006, 166(1): 298
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[111] |
A. Goldstein, J. M. Burgess, R. D. Preece, M. S. Briggs,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[112] |
J. Granot, T. Piran, and R. Sari, Astrophys. J. Lett., 2000, 534(2): L163
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[113] |
A. Panaitescu and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2000, 544(1): L17
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[114] |
M. V. Medvedev, Astrophys. J., 2000, 540(2): 704
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[115] |
M. V. Medvedev, Astrophys. J., 2006, 637(2): 869
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[116] |
N. M. Lloyd-Ronning and V. Petrosian, Astrophys. J., 2002, 565(1): 182
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[117] |
O. Mena, S. Razzaque, and F. Villaescusa-Navarro, JCAP, 2012, 02: 030
|
[118] |
E. V. Derishev, V. V. Kocharovsky, and V. V. Kocharovsky, Astrophys. J., 1999, 521(2): 640
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[119] |
S. Razzaque and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2006, 650(2): 998
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[120] |
A. M. Beloborodov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2010, 407(2): 1033
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[121] |
M. J. Rees and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2005, 628(2): 847
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[122] |
A. Pe’er, P. Mészáros, and M. J. Rees, Astrophys. J., 2006, 642(2): 995
|
[123] |
L. Amati, F. Frontera, M. Tavani, J. J. M. in ’t Zand, A. Antonelli, E. Costa, M. Feroci, C. Guidorzi, J. Heise, N. Masetti, E. Montanari, L. Nicastro, E. Palazzi, E. Pian, L. Piro, and P. Soffitta, Astron. Astrophys., 2002, 390(1): 81
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[124] |
G. Ghirlanda, G. Ghisellini, and D. Lazzati, Astrophys. J., 2004, 616(1): 331
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[125] |
C. Thompson, P. Mészáros, and M. J. Rees, Astrophys. J., 2007, 666(2): 1012
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[126] |
A. Pe’er, B. B. Zhang, F. Ryde, S. McGlynn, B. Zhang, R. D. Preece, and C. Kouveliotou, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2012, 420(1): 468
|
[127] |
S. Guiriec, M. S. Briggs, V. Connaugthon, E. Kara,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[128] |
S. Guiriec, V. Connaughton, M. S. Briggs, M. Burgess,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[129] |
B. Zhang and A. Pe’er, Astrophys. J., 2009, 700(2): L65
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[130] |
V. V. Usov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 1994, 267: 1035
|
[131] |
P. Mészáros and M. J. Rees, Astrophys. J. Lett., 1997, 482: L29
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[132] |
M. Lyutikov and R. D. Blandford, arXiv: astro-ph/0312347, 2003
|
[133] |
C. Thompson, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 1994, 270: 480
|
[134] |
G. Drenkhahn, Astron. Astrophys., 2002, 387(2): 714
|
[135] |
G. Drenkhahn and H. C. Spruit, Astron. Astrophys., 2002, 391(3): 1141
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[136] |
C. Thompson, Astrophys. J., 2006, 651(1): 333
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[137] |
B. Zhang and H. Yan, Astrophys. J., 2011, 726(2): 90
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[138] |
M. Ackermann,
|
[139] |
X. Y. Wang, Z. Li, Z. G. Dai, and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2009, 698(2): L98
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[140] |
Z. Bosnjak, F. Daigne, and G. Dubus, Astron. Astrophys., 2009, 498(3): 677
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[141] |
K. Toma, X.-F. Wu, and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2009, 707(2): 1404
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[142] |
K. Toma, X.-F. Wu, and P. Mészáros, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2011, 415(2): 1663
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[143] |
S. Razzaque, C. D. Dermer, and J. D. Finke, Open. Astron. J., 2010, 3: 150
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[144] |
K. Asano, S. Guiriec, and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2009, 705(2): L191
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[145] |
K. Murase, K. Asano, T. Terasawa, and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2012, 746(2): 164
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[146] |
K. Asano, S. Inoue, and P. Mészáros, Astrophys. J., 2010, 725(2): L121
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[147] |
P. Crumley and P. Kumar, arXiv: 1210.7802 [astro-ph.HE], 2012; Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. (in press)
|
[148] |
Z. Li, Astrophys. J., 2010, 709(1): 525
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[149] |
Y.-C. Zou, Y.-Z. Fan, and T. Piran, Astrophys. J. Lett., 2011, 726: L2; arXiv: 1008.2253 [astro-ph.HE], 2010
|
[150] |
P. Kumar and R. B. Duran, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2010, 409(1): 226
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[151] |
G. Ghisellini, G. Ghirlanda, L. Nava, and A. Celotti, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2010, 403(2): 926
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[152] |
A. Corsi, D. Guetta, and L. Piro, Astrophys. J., 2010, 720(2): 1008
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[153] |
B.-B. Zhang, B. Zhang, E.-W. Liang, Y.-Z. Fan, X.-F. Wu, A. Pe’er, A. Maxham, H. Gao, and Y.-M. Dong, Astrophys. J., 2011, 730(2): 141
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[154] |
R.-Y. Liu and X.-Y. Wang, Astrophys. J., 2011, 730(1): 1
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[155] |
A. Maxham, B. B. Zhang, and B. Zhang, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2011, 415(1): 77
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[156] |
J. H. Krolik and E. A. Pier, Astrophys. J., 1991, 373: 277
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[157] |
Y. Lithwick and R. Sari, Astrophys. J., 2001, 555(1): 540
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[158] |
M. G. Baring and A. K. Harding, Astrophys. J., 1997, 491(2): 663
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[159] |
J. Granot, J. Cohen-Tanugi, and E. do Couto, Astrophys. J., 2008, 677(1): 92
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[160] |
R. Hasco et, F. Daigne, R. Mochkovitch, and V. Vennin, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2012, 421: 525
|
[161] |
R. D. Blandford and C. F. McKee, Phys. Fluids, 1976, 19(8): 1130
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[162] |
R. Sari, T. Piran, and R. Narayan, Astrophys. J. Lett., 1998, 497(1): L17
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[163] |
P. Mészáros and M. J. Rees, Astrophys. J., 1997, 476(1): 232
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[164] |
R. A. M. J. Wijers, M. J. Rees, and P. Mészáros, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 1997, 288: L51
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[165] |
R. A. Chevalier and Z. Y. Li, Astrophys. J., 2000, 536(1): 195
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[166] |
A. Panaitescu and P. Kumar, Astrophys. J., 2000, 543(1): 66
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[167] |
J. Granot and R. Sari, Astrophys. J., 2002, 568(2): 820
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[168] |
E. Waxman and J. N. Bahcall, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1997, 78(12): 2292
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[169] |
J. P. Rachen and P. Mészáros, Phys. Rev. D, 1998, 58(12): 123005
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[170] |
C. D. Dermer and A. Atoyan, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91(7): 071102
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[171] |
D. Guetta, D. Hooper, J. Alvarez-Muniz, F. Halzen, and E. Reuveni, Astropart. Phys., 2004, 20(4): 429
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[172] |
T. Kashti and E. Waxman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 95(18): 181101
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[173] |
P. Lipari, M. Lusignoli, and D. Meloni, Phys. Rev. D, 2007, 75(12): 123005
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[174] |
M. Vietri, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1998, 80(17): 3690
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[175] |
E. Waxman and J. N. Bahcall, Astrophys. J., 2000, 541(2): 707
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[176] |
Z. G. Dai and T. Lu, Astrophys. J., 2001, 551(1): 249
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[177] |
P. Mészáros and E. Waxman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 87(17): 171102
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[178] |
S. Razzaque, P. Mészáros, and E. Waxman, Phys. Rev. D, 2003, 68(8): 083001
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[179] |
S. Razzaque, P. Mészáros, and E. Waxman, Phys. Rev. D, 2004, 69(2): 023001
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[180] |
R. Abbasi,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[181] |
M. Ahlers, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and F. Halzen, Astropart. Phys., 2011, 35(2): 87
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[182] |
R. Abbasi,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[183] |
S. Razzaque, C. D. Dermer, J. D. Finke, A. Atoyan, C. Meegan, C. Kouveliotou, and N. Gehrels, AIP Conf. Proc., 2009, 1133: 328
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[184] |
S. Hummer, P. Baerwald, and W. Winter, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012, 108: 231101; arXiv: 1112.1076 [astroph. HE], 2011
|
[185] |
H.-N. He, R.-Y. Liu, X.-Y. Wang, S. Nagataki, K. Murase, and Z.-G. Dai, Astrophys. J., 2012, 752(1): 29
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[186] |
B. Zhang and P. Kumar, arXiv: 1210.0647 [astro-ph.HE], 2012
|
[187] |
C. S. Kochanek and T. Piran, Astrophys. J., 1993, 417: L17
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[188] |
M. Ruffert and H. T. Janka, Astron. Astrophys., 1999, 344: 573
|
[189] |
C. L. Fryer, S. E. Woosley, and A. Heger, Astrophys. J., 2001, 550(1): 372
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[190] |
C. D. Ott, C. Reisswig, E. Schnetter, E. O’Connor, U. Sperhake, F. Löffler, P. Diener, E. Abdikamalov, I. Hawke, and A. Burrows, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2011, 106(16): 161103
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[191] |
K. Kiuchi, M. Shibata, P. J. Montero, and J. A. Font, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2011, 106(25): 251102
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[192] |
J. Abadie,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[193] |
M. W. E. Smith, D. B. Fox, D. F. Cowen, P. Mészáros, G. Tesic, J. Fixelle, I. Bartos, P. Sommers,
|
[194] |
J. Warell, O. Karlsson, and E. Skoglöv, Astron. Astrophys., 2003, 411(2): 291
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[195] |
M. Serino,
|
[196] |
K. Hurley,
|
[197] |
J. Paul,
|
[198] |
A. Jung,
|
[199] |
G. W. Fraser,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[200] |
N. Gehrels,
|
[201] |
J. Camp,
|
[202] |
M. Feroci,
CrossRef
ADS
Google scholar
|
[203] |
R. K. Manchanda, Proc. 29th Astron. Soc. India, 2011, 3: 53
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |