Exploring at nanoscale from first principles

, , ,

Front. Phys. ›› 0

PDF(951 KB)
PDF(951 KB)
Front. Phys. ›› DOI: 10.1007/s11467-009-0057-z
REVIEW ARTICLE
REVIEW ARTICLE

Exploring at nanoscale from first principles

  • 1,2
  • 1
  • 1,2
  • 1
Author information +
History +

Abstract

Systems at the nanoscale can exhibit distinctive and unexpected properties in electrical, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical aspects. Understanding these properties not only is of importance from the fundamental scientific view but also offers great opportunities for future applications. Theoretical calculations can provide important information to interpret, modify, and predict the novel properties of objects at the nanoscale and therefore play a significant role in the process of exploring the nano world. In this review, six different areas are briefly presented, namely, prediction of new stable structures, modification of properties (especially the electronic structures), design of novel devices for applications, the structures and catalytic effects of clusters, the mechanical and transport properties of gold nanowires, and improvement of materials for hydrogen storage. Based on these examples, we show what can be done and what can be found in the investigations of nanoscale systems with participation of theoretical calculations.

Keywords

first-principles calculations / nanostructures / electronic structures / design of novel devices / catalytic effects of clusters / gold nanowires / hydrogen storage

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
, , , . Exploring at nanoscale from first principles. Front. Phys., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-009-0057-z

References

[1]
R. P. Feynman, There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom: An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics. Lecture at 1959 APS Meeting. The Archives, California Institute of Technology, see http://www.its. caltech.edu/ feynman/plenty.html, 1959
[2]
Britannica online encyclopedia article on nanotechnology, see http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic /962484/nanotechnology
[3]
H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. Obrien, R. F. Curl, and R. E. Smalley, Nature, 1985, 318: 162
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[4]
S. Iijima, Nature, 1991, 354: 56
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[5]
M. J. Frisch, G.W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, J. A. Pople, , Gaussian 03, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2004
[6]
G. Kresse and J. Furthmuller, Comput. Mater. Sci., 1996, 6: 15
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[7]
G. Kresse and J. Furthmuller, Phys. Rev. B, 1996, 54: 11169
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[8]
J. M. Soler, E. Artacho, J. D. Gale, A. Garcia, J. Junquera, P. Ordejon, and D. Sanchez-Portal, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 2002, 14: 2745
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[9]
G. T. Velde, F. M. Bickelhaupt, E. J. Baerends, C. F. Guerra, S. J. A. Van Gisbergen, J. G. Snijders, and T. Ziegler, J. Comput. Chem., 2001, 22: 931
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[10]
B. L. Zhang, C. Z. Wang, K. M. Ho, C. H. Xu, and C. T. Chan, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97: 5007
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[11]
B. L. Zhang, C. Z. Wang, K. M. Ho, C. H. Xu, and C. T. Chan, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98: 3095
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[12]
L. Senapati, J. Schrier, and K. B. Whaley, Nano Lett., 2004, 4: 2073
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[13]
J. Lu, R. F. Sabirianov, W. N. Mei, Y. Gao, C. G. Duan, and X. C. Zeng, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110: 23637
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[14]
K. D. Wang, J. Zhao, S. F. Yang, L. Chen, Q. X. Li, B. Wang, S. H. Yang, J. L. Yang, J. G. Hou, and Q. S. Zhu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91: 185504
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[15]
G. L. Lu, K. M. Deng, H. P. Wu, J. L. Yang, and X. Wang, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 124: 054305
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[16]
K. Tan and X. Lu, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2006, 110: 1171
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[17]
C. M. Tang, Y. B. Yuan, K. M. Deng, Y. Z. Liu, X. Y. Li, J. L. Yang, and X. Wang, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 125: 104307
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[18]
H. J. Choi, J. Ihm, S. G. Louie, and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 84: 2917
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[19]
A. J. Lu and B. C. Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 92: 105504
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[20]
F. Ding, Phys. Rev. B, 2005, 72: 245409
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[21]
J. Kotakoski, A. V. Krasheninnikov, and K. Nordlund, Phys. Rev. B, 2006, 74: 245420
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[22]
T. M. Schmidt, R. J. Baierle, P. Piquini, and A. Fazzio, Phys. Rev. B, 2003, 67: 113407
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[23]
N. G. Szwacki, A. Sadrzadeh, and B. I. Yakobson, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 166804
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[24]
G. Gopakumar, M. T. Nguyen, and A. Ceulemans, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2008, 450: 175
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[25]
N. G. Szwacki, A. Sadrzadeh, and B. I. Yakobson, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 159901
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[26]
D. Prasad and E. D. Jemmis, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 165504
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[27]
H. Tang and S. Ismail-Beigi, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 99: 115501
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[28]
A. K. Singh, A. Sadrzadeh, and B. I. Yakobson, Nano Lett., 2008, 8: 1314
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[29]
J. Zang, M. H. Huang, and F. Liu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 146102
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[30]
Y. W. Son, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 97: 216803
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[31]
L. Pisani, J. A. Chan, B. Montanari, and N. M. Harrison, Phys. Rev. B, 2007, 75: 064418
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[32]
Y. W. Son, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Nature, 2006, 444: 347
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[33]
E. Rudberg, P. Salek, and Y. Luo, Nano Lett., 2007, 7: 2211
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[34]
E. J. Kan, Z. Y. Li, J. L. Yang, and J. G. Hou, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007, 91: 243116
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[35]
Z. H. Zhang and W. L. Guo, Phys. Rev. B, 2008, 77: 075403
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[36]
W. He, Z. Y. Li, J. L. Yang, and J. G. Hou, J. Chem. Phys., 2008, 129: 024710
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[37]
S. L. Hu, Z. Y. Li, X. C. Zeng, and J. L. Yang, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2008, 112: 8424
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[38]
Y. W. Son, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Nano Lett., 2007, 7: 3518
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[39]
E. J. Kan, Z. Y. Li, J. L. Yang, and J. G. Hou, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130: 4224
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[40]
E. J. Kan, H. J. Xiang, J. L. Yang, and J. G. Hou, J. Chem. Phys., 2007, 127: 164706
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[41]
E. Durgun, D. Cakir, N. Akman, and S. Ciraci, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 99: 256806
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[42]
O. Hod, V. Barone, J. E. Peralta, and G. E. Scuseria, Nano Lett., 2007, 7: 2295
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[43]
K. Chang, S. Berber, and D. Tomanek, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 236102
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[44]
W. He, Z. Y. Li, J. L. Yang, and J. G. Hou, J. Chem. Phys., 2008, 128: 164701
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[45]
F. Cervantes-Sodi, G. Csanyi, S. Piscanec, and A. C. Ferrari, Phys. Rev. B, 2008, 77: 165427
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[46]
F. W. Zheng, G. Zhou, Z. R. Liu, J. Wu, W. H. Duan, B. L. Gu, and S. B. Zhang, Phys. Rev. B, 2008, 78: 205415
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[47]
N. Gorjizadeh, A. A. Farajian, K. Esfarjani, and Y. Kawazoe, Phys. Rev. B, 2008, 78: 155427
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[48]
V. Barone and J. E. Peralta, Nano Lett., 2008, 8: 2210
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[49]
H. Sevincli, M. Topsakal, E. Durgun, and S. Ciraci, Phys. Rev. B, 2008, 77: 195434
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[50]
H. J. Xiang, J. L. Yang, J. G. Hou, and Q. S. Zhu, New J. Phys., 2005, 7: 39
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[51]
Z. Y. Li, H. Y. Qian, J. Wu, B. L. Gu, and W. H. Duan, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 206802
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[52]
O. Gulseren, T. Yildirim, S. Ciraci, and C. Kilic, Phys. Rev. B, 2002, 65: 155410
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[53]
Y. He, C. Zhang, C. Cao, and H. P. Cheng, Phys. Rev. B, 2007, 75: 235429
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[54]
L. Sun, Q. X. Li, H. Ren, H. B. Su, Q. W. Shi, and J. L. Yang, J. Chem. Phys., 2008, 129: 074704
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[55]
E. J. Kan, X. J. Wu, Z. Y. Li, X. C. Zeng, J. L. Yang, and J. G. Hou, J. Chem. Phys., 2008, 129: 084712
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[56]
L. Sun, Y. F. Li, Z. Y. Li, Q. X. Li, Z. Zhou, Z. F. Chen, J. L. Yang, and J. G. Hou, J. Chem. Phys., 2008, 129: 174114
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[57]
T. Ono and K. Hirose, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 026804
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[58]
J. Zhao, C. G. Zeng, X. Cheng, K. D. Wang, G. W. Wang, J. L. Yang, J. G. Hou, and Q. S. Zhu, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 95: 045502
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[59]
R. H. Xie, G. W. Bryant, J. J. Zhao, V. H. Smith, A. Di Carlo, and A. Pecchia, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 90: 206602
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[60]
A. R. Rocha, V. M. Garcia-Suarez, S. W. Bailey, C. J. Lambert, J. Ferrer, and S. Sanvito, Nature Mater., 2005, 4: 335
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[61]
V. M. Garcia-Suarez, J. Ferrer, and C. J. Lambert, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 96: 106804
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[62]
M. Koleini, M. Paulsson, and M. Brandbyge, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 197202
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[63]
H. J. Xiang, J. L. Yang, J. G. Hou, and Q. S. Zhu, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128: 2310
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[64]
L. P. Zhou, S. W. Yang, M. F. Ng, M. B. Sullivan, V. B. C. Tan, and L. Shen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130: 4023
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[65]
V. Meunier, S. V. Kalinin, and B. G. Sumpter, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 056401
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[66]
J. Huang, Q. X. Li, H. Ren, H. B. Su, and J. L. Yang, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 125: 184713
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[67]
A. R. Rocha, M. Rossi, A. Fazzio, and A. J. R. da Silva, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 176803
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[68]
H. Abou-Rachid, A. G. Hu, V. Timoshevskii, Y. F. Song, and L. S. Lussier, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 196401
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[69]
M. Khazaei, A. A. Farajian, and Y. Kawazoe, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 95: 177602
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[70]
C. C. Kaun and T. Seideman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 94: 226801
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[71]
S. W. D. Bailey, I. Amanatidis, and C. J. Lambert, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 256802
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[72]
B. Y. Wang, L. Vukovic, and P. Kral, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 101: 186808
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[73]
M. Valden, X. Lai, and D. W. Goodman, Science, 1998, 281: 1647
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[74]
S. Gilb, P. Weis, F. Furche, R. Ahlrichs, and M. M. Kappes, J. Chem. Phys., 2002, 116: 4094
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[75]
H. Hakkinen, M. Moseler, and U. Landman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, 89: 033401
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[76]
H. Hakkinen, B. Yoon, U. Landman, X. Li, H. J. Zhai, and L. S. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2003, 107: 6168
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[77]
S. Bulusu, X. Li, L. S. Wang, and X. C. Zeng, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103: 8326
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[78]
J. Li, X. Li, H. J. Zhai, and L. S. Wang, Science, 2003, 299: 864
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[79]
P. Gruene, D. M. Rayner, B. Redlich, A. F. G. van der Meer, J. T. Lyon, G. Meijer, and A. Fielicke, Science, 2008, 321: 674
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[80]
M. P. Johansson, D. Sundholm, and J. Vaara, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 2004, 43: 2678
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[81]
A. Lechtken, D. Schooss, J. R. Stairs, M. N. Blom, F. Furche, N. Morgner, O. Kostko, B. von Issendorff, and M. M. Kappes, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 2007, 46: 2944
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[82]
Y. Gao and X. C. Zeng, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127: 3698
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[83]
L. M. Wang, S. Bulusu, H. J. Zhai, X. C. Zeng, and L. S. Wang, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 2007, 46: 2915
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[84]
L. M. Wang, S. Bulusu, W. Huang, R. Pal, L. S. Wang, and X. C. Zeng, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129: 15136
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[85]
J. L. Wang, J. L. Bai, J. Jellinek, and X. C. Zeng, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129: 4110
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[86]
S. N. Khanna and P. Jena, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992, 69: 1664
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[87]
P. Pyykkö and N. Runeberg, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 2002, 41, 2174
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[88]
X. Li, B. Kiran, J. Li, H. J. Zhai, and L. S. Wang, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 2002, 41: 4786
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[89]
J. P. Dognon, C. Clavaguera, and P. Pyykko, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 2007, 46: 1427
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[90]
Z. F. Chen, S. Neukermans, X. Wang, E. Janssens, Z. Zhou, R. E. Silverans, R. B. King, P. V. Schleyer, and P. Lievens, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128: 12829
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[91]
M. Haruta, T. Kobayashi, H. Sano, and N. Yamada, Chem. Lett., 1987, 2: 405
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[92]
X. L. Ding, Z. Y. Li, J. L. Yang, J. G. Hou, and Q. S. Zhu, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 120: 9594
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[93]
X. L. Ding, Z. Y. Li, J. L. Yang, J. G. Hou, and Q. S. Zhu, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 121: 2558
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[94]
B. Yoon, H. Hakkinen, U. Landman, A. S. Worz, J. M. Antonietti, S. Abbet, K. Judai, and U. Heiz, Science, 2005, 307: 403
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[95]
L. D. Socaciu, J. Hagen, T. M. Bernhardt, L. Woste, U. Heiz, H. Hakkinen, and U. Landman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125: 10437
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[96]
W. An, Y. Pei, and X. C. Zeng, Nano Lett., 2008, 8: 195
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[97]
H. Hakkinen, W. Abbet, A. Sanchez, U. Heiz, and U. Landman, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 2003, 42: 1297
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[98]
U. Landman, B. Yoon, C. Zhang, U. Heiz, and M. Arenz, Topics in Catal., 2007, 44: 145
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[99]
D. Ricci, A. Bongiorno, G. Pacchioni, and U. Landman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 97: 036106
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[100]
M. Sterrer, T. Risse, M. Heyde, H. P. Rust, and H. J. Freund, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 206103
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[101]
B. Yoon and U. Landman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 056102
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[102]
R. L. Whetten and R. C. Price, Science, 2007, 318: 407
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[103]
P. D. Jadzinsky, G. Calero, C. J. Ackerson, D. A. Bushnell, and R. D. Kornberg, Science, 2007, 318: 430
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[104]
J. Akola, M. Walter, R. L. Whetten, H. Hakkinen, and H. Gronbeck, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130: 3756
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[105]
X. D. Cui, A. Primak, X. Zarate, J. Tomfohr, O. F. Sankey, A. L. Moore, T. A. Moore, D. Gust, G. Harris, and S. M. Lindsay, Science, 2001, 294: 571
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[106]
A. Nitzan and M. A. Ratner, Science, 2003, 300: 1384
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[107]
U. Landman, W. D. Luedtke, B. E. Salisbury, and R. L. Whetten, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 77: 1362
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[108]
H. Mehrez and S. Ciraci, Phys. Rev. B, 1997, 56: 12632
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[109]
M. R. Sorensen, M. Brandbyge, and K. W. Jacobsen, Phys. Rev. B, 1998, 57: 3283
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[110]
G. Rubio-Bollinger, S. R. Bahn, N. Agrait, K. W. Jacobsen, and S. Vieira, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 87: 026101
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[111]
E. Z. da Silva, A. J. R. da Silva, and A. Fazzio, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 87: 256102
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[112]
E. Tosatti, S. Prestipino, S. Kostlmeier, A. Dal Corso, and F. D. Di Tolla, Science, 2001, 291: 288
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[113]
P. Z. Coura, S. B. Legoas, A. S. Moreira, F. Sato, V. Rodrigues, S. O. Dantas, D. Ugarte, and D. S. Galvao, Nano Lett., 2004, 4: 1187
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[114]
P. Jelinek, R. Perez, J. Ortega, and F. Flores, Phys. Rev. B, 2008, 77: 115447
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[115]
Y. Leng, Q. Pu, P. T. Cummings, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130: 17907
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[116]
E. Z. da Silva, A. J. R. da Silva, and A. Fazzio, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001, 87: 256102
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[117]
D. Kruger, H. Fuchs, R. Rousseau, D. Marx, and M. Parrinello, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, 89: 186402
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[118]
P. Velez, S. A. Dassie, and E. P. M. Leiva, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 95: 045503
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[119]
H. Ohnishi, Y. Kondo, and K. Takayanagi, Nature, 1998, 395: 780
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[120]
V. Rodrigues, T. Fuhrer, and D. Ugarte, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 85: 4124
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[121]
F. D. Novaes, A. J. R. da Silva, E. Z. da Silva, and A. Fazzio, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 90: 036101
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[122]
P. Jelinek, R. Perez, J. Ortega, and F. Flores, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 96: 046803
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[123]
F. D. Novaes, A. J. R. da Silva, E. Z. da Silva, and A. Fazzio, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 96: 016104
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[124]
C. Zhang, R. N. Barnett, and U. Landman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 046801
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[125]
H. Dodziuk and G. Dolgonos, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2002, 356: 79
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[126]
Y. F. Zhao, Y. H. Kim, A. C. Dillon, M. J. Heben, and S. B. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 94: 155504
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[127]
T. Yildirim and S. Ciraci, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, 94: 175501
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[128]
H. Lee, W. I. Choi, and J. Ihm, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 97: 056104
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[129]
E. Durgun, S. Ciraci, W. Zhou, and T. Yildirim, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 97: 226102
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[130]
O. Sun, Q. Wang, P. Jena, and Y. Kawazoe, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127: 14582
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[131]
S. Li and P. Jena, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 97: 209601
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[132]
Q. Sun, P. Jena, Q. Wang, and M. Marquez, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128: 9741
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[133]
N. Park, S. Hong, G. Kim, and S. H. Jhi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129: 8999
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[134]
M. Yoon, S. Y. Yang, C. Hicke, E. Wang, D. Geohegan, and Z. Y. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 206806
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[135]
G. J. Kubas, J. Organomet. Chem., 2001, 635: 37
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[136]
M. Yoon, S. Y. Yang, E. Wang, and Z. Y. Zhang, Nano Lett., 2007, 7: 2578
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[137]
X. J. Wu, J. L. Yang, J. G. Hou, and Q. S. Zhu, Phys. Rev. B, 2004, 69: 153411
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[138]
X. J. Wu, J. L. Yang, J. G. Hou, and Q. S. Zhu, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 121: 8481
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[139]
S. H. Jhi and Y. K. Kwon, Phys. Rev. B, 2004, 69: 245407
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[140]
X. J. Wu, J. L. Yang, and X. C. Zeng, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 125: 044704
CrossRef ADS Google scholar
[141]
E. Durgun, Y. R. Jang, and S. Ciraci, Phys. Rev. B, 2007, 76: 073413
CrossRef ADS Google scholar

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF(951 KB)

Accesses

Citations

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/