Heterostructured Co₃Se₄/CoSe₂@C nanoparticles attached on three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide as a promising anode towards Li-ion batteries

Abstract

In situ carbon-coated Co₃Se₄/CoSe₂ (Co_xSe_y) nanoparticles (NPs) attached on three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were skillfully developed in this work, which involved the environment-friendly hydrothermal method, freeze drying, and selenide calcination. Within the structure, the glucose-derived carbon layer exhibited significantly homogeneous dispersion under an argon environment. This structure not only has enhanced stability, but also can effectively mitigate the volume swell of Co_xSe_y particles. The resulted Co₃Se₄/CoSe₂@C/rGO (CSe@C/rGO) exhibited a specific surface area (SSA) of 240.9 m²·g⁻¹, offering more electrochemically active sites for the storage of energy related to lithium ions. The rGO matrix held exceptional flexibility and functional structural rigidity, facilitating the swift ion intercalation and ensuring the high conductivity and recyclability of the structure. When applied to anodes designed for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), this material demonstrated distinguished rate and ultra-high reversible capacity (872.98 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.5 A·g⁻¹). Meanwhile, its capacity retention reached 119.5% after 500 cycles at 2 A·g⁻¹, with a coulombic efficiency of 100%. This work potentially paves the way for generating fast and powerful metal selenide anodes and initiating LIBs with good performance.

Keywords

CSe@C/rGO / lithium-ion battery / reduced graphene oxide / electrochemical performance / heterostructure

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Declaration of competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

We thank for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52071192), the Basic Research Project Fund of Shanxi Province (20210302124491 and 20210302123341), the Key Research and Development Project of Datong (2023003), the Basic Research Project Fund of Shanxi Datong University (2022K10 and 2022K11), the Graduate Education Reform project of Shanxi Datong University (21JG25), the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (2021L370), the Graduate Student Education Innovation Project of Shanxi Datong University (23CX25, 22CX11, and 22CX20), and the Doctoral Research Fund of Shanxi Datong University (2016-B-14, 2016-B-20, and 2019-B-11).

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