Why is graphene an extraordinary material? A review based on a decade of research

Abstract

During this decade, graphene which is a thin layer of carbon material along at ease with synthesis and functionalization has become a hot topic of research owing to excellent mechanical strength, very good current density, high thermal conductivity, superior electrical conductivity, large surface area, and good electron mobility. The research on graphene has exponentially accelerated specially when Geim and Novoselov developed and analyzed graphene. On this basis, for industrial application, researchers are exploring different techniques to produce high-quality graphene. Therefore, reviewed in this article is a brief introduction to graphene and its derivatives along with some of the methods developed to synthesize graphene and its prospective applications in both research and industry. In this work, recent advances on applications of graphene in various fields such as sensors, energy storage, energy harvesting, high-speed optoelectronics, supercapacitors, touch-based flexible screens, and organic light emitting diode displays have been summarized.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

graphene / graphene oxide / electrochemical sensor / fuel cell / supercapacitor / dye-sensitized fuel cell / lithium battery / energy storage

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Disclosure of potential conflicts of interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank University of Malaya for providing the research facilities and IIRG grant IIRG007C-19IISS and SATU Joint grant ST031-2021.

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