Chestnut shell-like N-doped carbon coated NiCoP hollow microspheres for hybrid supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical performance

Abstract

In this work, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) were reinforced by a solvothermal synthesis method and in situ polymerization in dopamine with one-step phosphating and carbonizing process to form chestnut shell-like N-doped carbon coated NiCoP (NiCoP@N-C) hollow microspheres. Excellent morphologic structure is still reflected in NiCoP@N-C, which is suitable for rapid electron and electrolyte transfer. Benefiting from the excellent structure, the coating of N-doped carbon, and the synergistic effect of Ni and Co, NiCoP@N-C reveals excellent electrochemical properties (high specific capacitance of 1660 F·g⁻¹ (830 C·g⁻¹) at 1 A·g⁻¹). In addition, a NiCoP@N-C//carbonization HKUST-1 (HC) achieves high specific energy of 51.8 Wh·kg⁻¹, ultrahigh specific power of 21.63 kW·kg⁻¹, and excellent cycling stability up to 10000 cycles (a capacitance retention of 96.7%). The results show that the NiCoP@N-C electrode material has a wide application in supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

chestnut shell-like sphere / hybrid supercapacitor / NiCoP@N-C / N-doped carbon

References

[1] Hoang V C, Nguyen L H, Gomes V G. High efficiency supercapacitor derived from biomass based carbon dots and reduced graphene oxide composite. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2019, 832: 87–96

[2] Balamurugan J, Li C, Thanh T D, . Hierarchical design of Cu_1−xNi_xS nanosheets for high-performance asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2017, 5(37): 19760–19772

[3] Dai S, Zhao B, Qu C, . Controlled synthesis of three-phase Ni_xS_y/rGO nanoflake electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors with high energy and power density. Nano Energy, 2017, 33: 522–531

[4] Zhang F, Ge Y, Chu H, . Dual-functional starfish-like P-doped Co–Ni–S nanosheets supported on nickel foams with enhanced electrochemical performance and excellent stability for overall water splitting. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(8): 7087–7095

[5] Liang J, Xi K, Tan G, . Sea urchin-like NiCoO₂@C nanocomposites for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Nano Energy, 2016, 27: 457–465

[6] Hu X, Xu L, Lin X, . Battery lifetime prognostics. Joule, 2020, 4(2): 310–346

[7] Shao Y, El-Kady M F, Sun J, . Design and mechanisms of asymmetric supercapacitors. Chemical Reviews, 2018, 118(18): 9233–9280

[8] Lu W, Shen J, Zhang P, . Construction of CoO/Co–Cu–S hierarchical tubular heterostructures for hybrid supercapacitors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2019, 58(43): 15441–15447

[9] Liu Y Y, Yan L J, Zeng X Q, . Bio-derived N-doped porous carbon as sulfur hosts for high performance lithium sulfur batteries. Journal of Central South University, 2019, 26(6): 1426–1434

[10] Zhou X, Zou Y, Yang J, . Layer by layer synthesis of Sn–Co–C microcomposites and their application in lithium ion batteries. Journal of Central South University, 2013, 20(2): 326–331

[11] Zhang A, Zheng W, Yuan Z, . Hierarchical NiMn-layered double hydroxides@CuO core–shell heterostructure in-situ generated on Cu(OH)₂ nanorod arrays for high performance supercapacitors. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 380: 122486

[12] Jing C, Song X, Li K, . Optimizing the rate capability of nickel cobalt phosphide nanowires on graphene oxide by the outer/inter-component synergistic effects. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2020, 8(4): 1697–1708

[13] Salanne M, Rotenberg B, Naoi K, . Efficient storage mechanisms for building better supercapacitors. Nature Energy, 2016, 1: 16070

[14] Purkait T, Singh G, Kumar D, . High-performance flexible supercapacitors based on electrochemically tailored three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide networks. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8: 640

[15] Liu Z, Liang G, Zhan Y, . A soft yet device-level dynamically super-tough supercapacitor enabled by an energy-dissipative dual-crosslinked hydrogel electrolyte. Nano Energy, 2019, 58: 732–742

[16] Liu Z, Wang D, Tang Z, . A mechanically durable and device-level tough Zn-MnO₂ battery with high flexibility. Energy Storage Materials, 2019, 23: 636–645

[17] Jing C, Guo X, Xia L, . Morphologically confined hybridization of tiny CoNi₂S₄ nanosheets into S, P co-doped graphene leading to enhanced pseudocapacitance and rate capability. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 379: 122305

[18] Tran D T, Kshetri T, Nguyen D C, . Emerging core‒shell nanostructured catalysts of transition metal encapsulated by two-dimensional carbon materials for electrochemical applications. Nano Today, 2018, 22: 100–131

[19] Kandula S, Shrestha K R, Kim N H, . Fabrication of a 3D hierarchical sandwich Co₉S₈/α-MnS@N-C@MoS₂ nanowire architectures as advanced electrode material for high performance hybrid supercapacitors. Small, 2018, 14(23): 1800291

[20] Long X, Wang Z, Xiao S, . Transition metal based layered double hydroxides tailored for energy conversion and storage. Materials Today, 2016, 19(4): 213–226

[21] Feng L, Xue H. Advances in transition-metal phosphide applications in electrochemical energy storage and catalysis. ChemElectroChem, 2017, 4(1): 20–34

[22] Xiang C, Wang Q, Zou Y, . Simple synthesis of graphene-doped flower-like cobalt–nickel–tungsten–boron oxides with self-oxidation for high-performance supercapacitors. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2017, 5(20): 9907–9916

[23] Lu T, Zhang Y, Li H, . Electrochemical behaviors of graphene–ZnO and grapheme–SnO₂ composite films for supercapacitors. Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55(13): 4170–4173

[24] Zhang Y, Li H, Pan L, . Capacitive behavior of graphene–ZnO composite film for supercapacitors. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2009, 634(1): 68–71

[25] Li X, Shi L, Li L, . Recent advances in carbon nanodots: properties and applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Analysis and Testing, 2019, 3(1): 37–49

[26] Zhang Y, Sun L, Bai L, . N-doped-carbon coated Ni₂P-Ni sheets anchored on graphene with superior energy storage behavior. Nano Research, 2019, 12(3): 607–618

[27] Li J, Liu Z, Zhang Q, . Anion and cation substitution in transition-metal oxides nanosheets for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors. Nano Energy, 2019, 57: 22–33

[28] Wang X, Kolen’ko Y V, Liu L. Direct solvothermal phosphorization of nickel foam to fabricate integrated Ni₂P-nanorods/Ni electrodes for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chemical Communications, 2015, 51(31): 6738–6741

[29] Li X, Wu H, Guan C, . (Ni, Co)Se₂/NiCo-LDH core/shell structural electrode with the cactus-like (Ni, Co)Se₂ core for asymmetric supercapacitors. Small, 2019, 15(3): 1803895

[30] Guo Y, Hong X, Wang Y, . Multicomponent hierarchical Cu-doped NiCo-LDH/CuO double arrays for ultralong-life hybrid fiber supercapacitor. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(24): 1809004

[31] Lin Y H, Wei T Y, Chien H C, . Manganese oxide/carbon aerogel composite: an outstanding supercapacitor electrode material. Advanced Energy Materials, 2011, 1(5): 901–907

[32] Ghosh S, Barg S, Jeong S M, . Heteroatom-doped and oxygen-functionalized nanocarbons for high-performance supercapacitors. Advanced Energy Materials, 2020, 10(32): 2001239

[33] Wan H, Jiang J, Yu J, . NiCo₂S₄ porous nanotubes synthesis via sacrificial templates: high-performance electrode materials of supercapacitors. CrystEngComm, 2013, 15(38): 7649–7651

[34] Wei X, Li W, Shi J A, . FeS@C on carbon cloth as flexible electrode for both lithium and sodium storage. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(50): 27804–27809

[35] Yu G, Hu L, Vosgueritchian M, . Solution-processed graphene/MnO₂ nanostructured textiles for high-performance electrochemical capacitors. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(7): 2905–2911

[36] Qu Q, Yang S, Feng X. 2D sandwich-like sheets of iron oxide grown on graphene as high energy anode material for supercapacitors. Advanced Materials, 2011, 23(46): 5574–5580

[37] Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou Y, . Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanowhisker ensembles on carbon nanofiber for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2014, 2(6): 1525–1533

[38] Zhang Y, Sun C, Su H, . N-doped carbon coated hollow Ni_xCo_9−xS₈ urchins for a high performance supercapacitor. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(7): 3155–3163

[39] Yan J, Fan Z, Sun W, . Advanced asymmetric supercapacitors based on Ni(OH)₂/graphene and porous graphene electrodes with high energy density. Advanced Functional Materials, 2012, 22(12): 2632–2641

[40] Vishnyakov A, Ravikovitch P I, Neimark A V, . Nanopore structure and sorption properties of Cu-BTC metal-organic framework. Nano Letters, 2003, 3(6): 713–718

[41] He J, Zhang D, Wang Y, . Bioamss-derived porous carbons with tailored graphitization degree and pore size distribution for supercapacitors with ultra-high rate capability. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 515: 146020

[42] Wu Z S, Ren W, Wang D W, . High-energy MnO₂ nanowire/graphene and graphene asymmetric electrochemical capacitors. ACS Nano, 2010, 4(10): 5835–5842

[43] Chen K, Xue D. Colloidal paradigm in supercapattery electrode systems. Nanotechnology, 2018, 29(2): 024003

[44] Wang B, Chen J S, Wu H B, . Quasiemulsion-templated formation of α-Fe₂O₃ hollow spheres with enhanced lithium storage properties. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011, 133(43): 17146–17148

[45] Han A, Chen H, Zhang H, . Ternary metal phosphide nanosheets as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for water reduction to hydrogen over a wide pH range from 0 to 14. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2016, 4(26): 10195–10202

[46] Zhang D, Lei L, Shang Y, . The composite capacitive behaviors of the N and S dual doped ordered mesoporous carbon with ultrahigh doping level. Applied Surface Science, 2016, 360: 807–815

[47] Han F, Tan C Y J, Gao Z. Improving the specific capacity and cyclability of sodium-ion batteries by engineering a dual-carbon phase-modified amorphous and mesoporous iron phosphide. ChemElectroChem, 2016, 3(7): 1054–1062

[48] Li Y, Zhang H, Jiang M, . Ternary NiCoP nanosheet arrays: an excellent bifunctional catalyst for alkaline overall water splitting. Nano Research, 2016, 9(8): 2251–2259

[49] Bai Y, Zhang H, Liu L, . Tunable and specific formation of C@NiCoP peapods with enhanced HER activity and lithium storage performance. Chemistry, 2016, 22(3): 1021–1029

[50] Yuan C, Zhang X, Su L, . Facile synthesis and self-assembly of hierarchical porous NiO nano/micro spherical superstructures for high performance supercapacitors. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2009, 19(32): 5772–5777

[51] Wei T Y, Chen C H, Chang K H, . Cobalt oxide aerogels of ideal supercapacitive properties prepared with an epoxide synthetic route. Chemistry of Materials, 2009, 21(14): 3228–3233

[52] Surendran S, Selvan S K. Growth and characterization of 3D flower-like β-NiS on carbon cloth: a dexterous and flexible multifunctional electrode for supercapattery and water-splitting applications. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2018, 5(4): 1701056

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press