Biomineralized and chemically synthesized magnetic nanoparticles: A contrast

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have widely been synthesized through chemical processes for biomedical applications over the past few decades. Recently, a new class of MNPs, known as bacterial magnetosomes, has been isolated from magnetotactic bacteria, a natural source. These magnetosomes are magnetite or greigite nanocrystals which are biomineralized in the bacterial cell and provide magnet-like properties to it. Contrary to MNPs, bacterial magnetosomes are biocompatible, lower in toxicity, and can be easily cleared from the body due to the presence of a phospholipid bilayer around them. They also do not demonstrate aggregation, which makes them highly advantageous. In this review, we have provided an in-depth comparative account of bacterial magnetosomes and chemically synthesized MNPs in terms of their synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications. In addition, we have also provided a contrast on how magnetosomes might have the potential to successfully substitute synthetic MNPs in therapeutic and imaging applications.

Keywords

bacterial magnetosomes / magnetic nanoparticles / iron nanoparticles / magnetotactic bacteria / magnetosomes

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Disclosure of potential conflicts of interests

All authors equally contributed to the conception, literature search, drafting, and critical revisions to the article. The authors declare no financial/intellectual conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology (DST-SERB project; Grant No. ECR/2017/000049), Government of India, for which the authors are thankful. The authors acknowledge Institute of Nano Science and Technology for the facilities and assistance provided to carry out this project.

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