Synthesis of halide perovskite microwires via methylammonium cations reaction

Abstract

Low-dimensional halide perovskites (HPs) have received considerable attention in recent years due to their novel physical properties such as compositional flexibility, high quantum yield, quantum size effects and superior charge transport. Here we show room temperature solution synthesis of 1D organic–inorganic lead bromide perovskite microwires (MWs). Our method uses acetone as a reactant, and when CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is immersed, acetone reacts with CH₃NH₃⁺ cations in the CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ single crystal by the dehydration condensation. The reaction generates a large (CH₃)₂C=NHCH₃⁺ A-site which cannot be accommodated by the cuboctahedron formed by the corner-sharing [PbBr₆]⁴⁻ octahedral, leading to the transition of corner-sharing octahedra to face-sharing triangular prism and the crystal structure transformation from 3D to 1D. The formation process of (CH₃)₂C=NHCH₃PbBr₃ MWs does not involve any ligands, templates or catalysts. A two-terminal memory device was constructed using the (CH₃)₂C=NHCH₃PbBr₃ MWs, showing great potential of the method in fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Keywords

organic--inorganic halide perovskite / one-dimensional / microwire / cation reaction / memory device

References

[1] Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y, . Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009, 131(17): 6050–6051

[2] Bi C, Wang Q, Shao Y, . Non-wetting surface-driven high-aspect-ratio crystalline grain growth for efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells. Nature Communications, 2015, 6(1): 7747

[3] Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang X W, . Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells. Nature Photonics, 2019, 13(7): 460–466

[4] Tang Z K, Xu Z F, Zhang D Y, . Enhanced optical absorption via cation doping hybrid lead iodine perovskites. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 7843

[5] Green M A, Jiang Y, Soufiani A M, . Optical properties of photovoltaic organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2015, 6(23): 4774–4785

[6] Xing G, Mathews N, Sun S, . Long-range balanced electron- and hole-transport lengths in organic–inorganic CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Science, 2013, 342(6156): 344–347

[7] Dong Q, Fang Y, Shao Y, . Electron-hole diffusion lengths>175 μm in solution-grown CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystals. Science, 2015, 347(6225): 967–970

[8] Chen Y, Yi H T, Wu X, . Extended carrier lifetimes and diffusion in hybrid perovskites revealed by Hall effect and photoconductivity measurements. Nature Communications, 2016, 7(1): 12253

[9] Kiermasch D, Rieder P, Tvingstedt K, . Improved charge carrier lifetime in planar perovskite solar cells by bromine doping. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1): 39333

[10] Veldhuis S A, Boix P P, Yantara N, . Perovskite materials for light-emitting diodes and lasers. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(32): 6804–6834

[11] Dong R, Fang Y, Chae J, . High-gain and low-driving-voltage photodetectors based on organolead triiodide perovskites. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(11): 1912–1918

[12] Gu C, Lee J S. Flexible hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite memory. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(5): 5413–5418

[13] Lin K, Xing J, Quan L N, . Perovskite light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency exceeding 20 per cent. Nature, 2018, 562(7726): 245–248

[14] Yuan Z, Miao Y, Hu Z, . Unveiling the synergistic effect of precursor stoichiometry and interfacial reactions for perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 2818

[15] Zhu H, Fu Y, Meng F, . Lead halide perovskite nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds and high quality factors. Nature Materials, 2015, 14(6): 636–642

[16] Fu A, Yang P. Lower threshold for nanowire lasers. Nature Materials, 2015, 14(6): 557–558

[17] Calado P, Telford A M, Bryant D, . Evidence for ion migration in hybrid perovskite solar cells with minimal hysteresis. Nature Communications, 2016, 7(1): 13831

[18] Kang D H, Park N G. On the current–voltage hysteresis in perovskite solar cells: dependence on perovskite composition and methods to remove hysteresis. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(34): 1805214

[19] Niu G, Li W, Meng F, . Study on the stability of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films and the effect of post-modification by aluminum oxide in all-solid-state hybrid solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2014, 2(3): 705–710

[20] Kim Y H, Wof C, Kim Y T, . Highly efficient light-emitting diodes of colloidal metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals beyond quantum size. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(7): 6586–6593

[21] Sichert J A, Tong Y, Mutz N, . Quantum size effect in organometal halide perovskite nanoplatelets. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(10): 6521–6527

[22] Zhang F, Zhong H, Chen C, . Brightly luminescent and color-tunable colloidal CH₃NH₃PbX₃ (X= Br, I, Cl) quantum dots: potential alternatives for display technology. ACS Nano, 2015, 9(4): 4533–4542

[23] Zheng K, Zhu Q, Abdellah M, . Exciton binding energy and the nature of emissive states in organometal halide perovskites. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2015, 6(15): 2969–2975

[24] Liao Q, Hu K, Zhang H, . Perovskite microdisk microlasers self-assembled from solution. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(22): 3405–3410

[25] Deng W, Zhang X, Huang L, . Aligned single-crystalline perovskite microwire arrays for high-performance flexible image sensors with long-term stability. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(11): 2201–2208

[26] Liu P, He X, Ren J, . Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite nanowire laser arrays. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(6): 5766–5773

[27] Zhuo S, Zhang J, Shi Y, . Self-template-directed synthesis of porous perovskite nanowires at room temperature for high-performance visible-light photodetectors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2015, 54(19): 5693–5696

[28] Gao L, Zeng K, Guo J, . Passivated single-crystalline CH₃NH₃PbI₃ nanowire photodetector with high detectivity and polarization sensitivity. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(12): 7446–7454

[29] Liu J, Chen K, Khan S A, . Synthesis and optical applications of low dimensional metal-halide perovskites. Nanotechnology, 2020, 31(15): 152002

[30] Zhang J, Yang X, Deng H, . Low-dimensional halide perovskites and their advanced optoelectronic applications. Nano-Micro Letters, 2017, 9(3): 36

[31] Zhou Z, Pang S, Ji F, . The fabrication of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite thin films via organic cation exchange. Chemical Communications, 2016, 52(19): 3828–3831

[32] Xie L Q, Zhang T Y, Chen L, . Organic–inorganic interactions of single crystalline organolead halide perovskites studied by Raman spectroscopy. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016, 18(27): 18112–18118

[33] Hills-Kimball K, Nagaoka Y, Cao C, . Synthesis of formamidinium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals through solid–liquid–solid cation exchange. Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices, 2017, 5(23): 5680–5684

[34] Socrates G. Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2004

[35] Tang L, Mei H, Wang B, . Study on structure, thermal stabilization and light absorption of lead-bromide perovskite light harvesters. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, 2015, 26(11): 8726–8731

[36] Liu Y, Yang Z, Cui D, . Two-inch-sized perovskite CH₃ NH₃ PbX₃ (X= Cl, Br, I) crystals: growth and characterization. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(35): 5176–5183

[37] Soci C, Zhang A, Xiang B, . ZnO nanowire UV photodetectors with high internal gain. Nano Letters, 2007, 7(4): 1003–1009

[38] Ielmini D, Cagli C, Nardi F, . Nanowire-based resistive switching memories: devices, operation and scaling. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2013, 46(7): 074006

[39] Hong Z, Zhao J, Huang K, . Controllable switching properties in an individual CH₃NH₃PbI₃ micro/nanowire-based transistor for gate voltage and illumination dual-driving non-volatile memory. Journal of Materials Chemistry C: Materials for Optical and Electronic Devices, 2019, 7(14): 4259–4266

[40] Chua L. If it’s pinched it’s a memristor. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 2014, 29(10): 104001

[41] Prodromakis T, Toumazou C, Chua L. Two centuries of memristors. Nature Materials, 2012, 11(6): 478–481

[42] Jiang T, Shao Z, Fang H, . High-performance nanofloating gate memory based on lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(27): 24367–24376

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press