Influence and its mechanism of temperature variation in a muffle furnace during calcination on the adsorption performance of rod-like MgO to Congo red

Abstract

Calcination temperature plays a crucial role in determining the surface properties of generated MgO, but the influence of temperature variation in a muffle furnace during calcination on its performance is rarely reported. Herein we observed that the temperature in a muffle furnace during calcination demonstrated a gradually increasing trend as the location changed from the furnace doorway to the most inner position. The variation in temperature had a great impact on the adsorption performance of generated rod-like MgO without and/or with involvement of Na₂SiO₃ to Congo red in aqueous solution. To get a better understanding on the detailed reasons, various techniques including actual temperature measurement via multimeter, N₂ physical adsorption, CO₂ chemical adsorption and FT-IR spectrometry have been employed to probe the correlation between the adsorption performance of generated MgO from various locations and the inner actual temperature of used muffle furnace as well as their physicochemical properties. In addition, two mechanisms were proposed to elucidate the adsorption process of Congo red over the surface of generated MgO without and/or with presence of Na₂SiO₃, respectively.

Keywords

magnesium oxide / calcination / muffle furnace / placed location / adsorption performance

References

[1] Abdullah H, Kuo D H, Kuo Y R, . Facile synthesis and recyclability of thin nylon film-supported n-type ZnO/p-type Ag₂O nano composite for visible light photocatalytic degradation of organic dye. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016, 120(13): 7144–7154

[2] Zhang G, Li X, Li Y, . Removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution by leaching solutions of white mud. Desalination, 2011, 274(1–3): 255–261

[3] Patel Y, Mehta C, Gupte A. Assessment of biological decolorization and degradation of sulfonated di-azo dye Acid Maroon V by isolated bacterial consortium EDPA. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2012, 75: 187–193

[4] Vahid B, Khataee A. Photoassisted electrochemical recirculation system with boron-doped diamond anode and carbon nanotubes containing cathode for degradation of a model azo dye. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 88: 614–620

[5] Yoo E S, Libra J, Adrian L. Mechanism of decolorization of azo dyes in anaerobic mixed culture. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2001, 127(9): 844–849

[6] Akhtar S, Khan A A, Husain Q. Potential of immobilized bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile dyes from polluted wastewater and dyeing effluent. Chemosphere, 2005, 60(3): 291–301

[7] Wawrzkiewicz M. Removal of C.I. Basic Blue 3 dye by sorption onto cation exchange resin, functionalized and non-functionalized polymeric sorbents from aqueous solutions and wastewaters. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 217: 414–425

[8] Bai Z, Zheng Y, Zhang Z. One-pot synthesis of highly efficient MgO for the removal of Congo red in aqueous solution. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5(14): 6630–6637

[9] Zhong P S, Widjojo N, Chung T S, . Positively charged nanofiltration (NF) membranes via UV grafting on sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone (sPPSU) for effective removal of textile dyes from wastewater. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 417–418: 52–60

[10] Shi B, Li G, Wang D, . Removal of direct dyes by coagulation: the performance of preformed polymeric aluminum species. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 143(1–2): 567–574

[11] Bhatia D, Sharma N R, Singh J, . Biological methods for textile dye removal from wastewater: A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 47(19): 1836–1876

[12] Raval N P, Shah P U, Shah N K. Adsorptive amputation of hazardous azo dye Congo red from wastewater: a critical review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2016, 23(15): 14810–14853

[13] Ahmad A, Mohd-Setapar S H, Chuong C S, . Recent advances in new generation dye removal technologies: novel search for approaches to reprocess wastewater. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(39): 30801–30818

[14] Lawal I A, Chetty D, Akpotu S O, . Sorption of Congo red and reactive blue on biomass and activated carbon derived from biomass modified by ionic liquid. Environmental Nanotechnology Monitoring & Management, 2017, 8: 83–91 doi:10.1016/j.enmm.2017.05.003

[15] Seyahmazegi E N, Mohammad-Rezaei R, Razmi H. Multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated on calcined eggshell waste as a novel nano-sorbent: Application for anionic dye Congo red removal. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2016, 109: 824–834

[16] Debnath S, Maity A, Pillay K. Impact of process parameters on removal of Congo red by graphene oxide from aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2014, 2(1): 260–272

[17] Yang J M. A facile approach to fabricate an immobilized-phosphate zirconium-based metal-organic framework composite (UiO-66-P) and its activity in the adsorption and separation of organic dyes. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 505: 178–185

[18] Lei C, Pi M, Jiang C, . Synthesis of hierarchical porous zinc oxide (ZnO) microspheres with highly efficient adsorption of Congo red. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 490: 242–251

[19] Zheng Y, Zhu B, Chen H, . Hierarchical flower-like nickel(II) oxide microspheres with high adsorption capacity of Congo red in water. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 504: 688–696

[20] Feng J, Gao M, Zhang Z, . Fabrication of mesoporous magnesium oxide nanosheets using magnesium powder and their excellent adsorption of Ni(II). Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018, 510: 69–76

[21] Pilarska A A, Klapiszewski Ł, Jesionowski T. Recent development in the synthesis, modification and application of Mg(OH)₂ and MgO: A review. Powder Technology, 2017, 319: 373–407

[22] Ahmed S, Guo Y, Huang R, . Hexamethylene tetramine-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of porous magnesium oxide for high-efficiency removal of phosphate in aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2017, 5(5): 4649–4655

[23] Zhu K, Hu J, Kübel C, . Efficient preparation and catalytic activity of MgO(111) nanosheets. Angewandte Chemie, 2006, 45(43): 7277–7281

[24] Sutradhar N, Sinhamahapatra A, Pahari S K, . Controlled synthesis of different morphologies of MgO and their use as solid base catalysts. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(25): 12308–12316

[25] Wang F, Ta N, Shen W. MgO nanosheets, nanodisks, and nanofibers for the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reaction. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2014, 475: 76–81

[26] Liu X, Niu C, Zhen X, . Novel approach for the synthesis of Mg(OH)₂ nanosheets and lamellar MgO nanostructures and their ultra-high adsorption capacity for Congo red. Journal of Materials Research, 2015, 30(10): 1639–1647

[27] Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Chen J, . Facile synthesis of monodisperse magnesium oxide microspheres via seed-induced precipitation and their applications in high-performance liquid chromatography. Advanced Functional Materials, 2007, 17(14): 2447–2454

[28] Zhu Y M, Han Y X, Liu G L. Cubic-shaped nano-MgO powder and its infrared absorption properties. Advanced Materials Research, 2010, 92: 35–40 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.92.35

[29] Xiang L, Liu F, Li J, . Hydrothermal formation and characterization of magnesium oxysulfate whiskers. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2004, 87(2–3): 424–429

[30] Yan Y, Zhou L, Zhang J, . Synthesis and growth discussion of one-dimensional MgO nanostructures: nanowires, nanobelts, and nanotubes in VLS mechanism. The The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(28): 10412–10417

[31] Yan C, Sun C, Shi Y, . Surface fabrication of oxides via solution chemistry. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2008, 310(7–9): 1708–1712

[32] Sharma M, Jeevanandam P. Synthesis of magnesium oxide particles with stacks of plates morphology. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2011, 509(30): 7881–7885

[33] Boddu V M, Viswanath D S, Maloney S W. Synthesis and characterization of coralline magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2008, 91(5): 1718–1720

[34] Kim K H, Lee M S, Choi J S, . Microstructural and textural characterization in MgO thin film using HRTEM. Thin Solid Films, 2009, 517(14): 3995–3998

[35] Purwajanti S, Zhou L, Ahmad Nor Y, . Synthesis of magnesium oxide hierarchical microspheres: A dual-functional material for water remediation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(38): 21278–21286

[36] Zhang X, Zheng Y, Yang H, . Controlled synthesis of mesocrystal magnesium oxide parallelogram and its catalytic performance. CrystEngComm, 2015, 17(13): 2642–2650

[37] Wu X, Cao H, Yin G, . MgCO₃·3H₂O and MgO complex nanostructures: controllable biomimetic fabrication and physical chemical properties. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2011, 13(11): 5047–5052

[38] Eubank W R. Calcination studies of magnesium oxides. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1951, 34(8): 225–229

[39] Gai P L, Montero J M, Lee A F, . In situ aberration corrected-transmission electron microscopy of magnesium oxide nanocatalysts for biodiesels. Catalysis Letters, 2009, 132(1–2): 182–188

[40] Mastuli M S, Roshidah R, Mahat A M, . Sol–gel synthesis of highly stable nano sized MgO from magnesium oxalate dihydrate. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 545: 137–142

[41] Moorthy V K. Influence of calcination treatments on the development of morphology in magnesia powders. Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society, 2014, 35(5): 89–98

[42] Ikegami T, Kobayashi M, Moriyoshii Y, . Characterization of sintered MgO compacts with fluorine. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1980, 63(11–12): 640–643 doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1980.tb09852.x

[43] Thomas D K, Baker T W. An X-ray study of the factors causing variation in the heats of solution of magnesium oxide. Proceedings of the Physical Society, 1959, 74(6): 673–679

[44] Anderson P J, Livey D T. Physical methods for investigating the properties of oxide powders in relation to sintering. Powder Metallurgy, 1961, 4(7): 189–203

[45] Zhang X, Zheng Y, Feng X, . Calcination temperature-dependent surface structure and physicochemical properties of magnesium oxide. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(105): 86102–86112

[46] Pei L Z, Yin W Y, Wang J F, . Low temperature synthesis of magnesium oxide and spinel powders by a sol–gel process. Materials Research, 2010, 13(3): 339–343

[47] Valcheva-Traykova M L, Davidova N P, Weiss A H. Thermal decomposition of Mg, Al-hydrotalcite material. Journal of Materials Science, 1993, 28(8): 2157–2162

[48] Sharma L, Kakkar R. Hierarchical porous magnesium oxide (Hr-MgO) microspheres for adsorption of an organophosphate pesticide: Kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and DFT studies. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(44): 38629–38642

[49] Zhang Z, Zhang S, Chen J, . Characterization of the surface properties of Mg/Al oxides by the solvation parameter model. Journal of Chromatography A, 2006, 1115(1–2): 58–63

[50] Ciesielczyk F, Bartczak P, Klapiszewski Ł, . Treatment of model and galvanic waste solutions of copper(II) ions using a lignin/inorganic oxide hybrid as an effective sorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 328: 150–159

[51] Ciesielczyk F, Bartczak P, Zdarta J, . Active MgO–SiO₂ hybrid material for organic dye removal: A mechanism and interaction study of the adsorption of C.I. Acid Blue 29 and C.I. Basic Blue 9. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 204(Pt 1): 123–135

[52] Jesionowski T, Przybylska A, Kurc B, . The preparation of pigment composites by adsorption of C.I. Mordant Red 11 and 9-aminoacridine on both unmodified and aminosilane-grafted silica supports. Dyes and Pigments, 2011, 88(1): 116–124

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature