Surface nucleation and independent growth of Ce(OH)₄ within confinement space on modified carbon black surface to prepare nano-CeO₂ without agglomeration

Abstract

Highly dispersed negative carboxyl groups can be formed on carbon black (CB) surface modified with strong nitric acid. Therefore positive cations can be uniformly absorbed by carboxyl groups and precipitated within a confinement space on modified CB surface to prepare highly dispersed nanomaterials. In this paper, the formation and dispersion status of surface negative carboxyl groups, adsorption status of Ce³⁺, surface confinement nucleation, crystallization and calcination process were studied by EDS, SEM, and laser particle size analysis. The results show that the carboxyl groups formed on modified CB surface are highly dispersed, and Ce³⁺ cations can be uniformly anchored by carboxyl groups. Therefore, highly dispersed Ce³⁺ can react with OH⁻ within a confinement surface region to form positive nano-Ce(OH)₄ nuclei which also can be adsorbed by electrostatic attraction. After independent growth of Ce(OH)₄ without agglomeration, highly dispersed CeO₂ nanoparticles without agglomeration can be prepared together with the help of effectively isolates by CO₂ released in the combustion of CB.

Keywords

surface nucleation / confinement space / modified CB / agglomeration / nano-CeO ₂

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