Biosilica-glass formation using enzymes from sponges [silicatein]: Basic aspects and application in biomedicine [bone reconstitution material and osteoporosis]

Abstract

In the last 15 years biomineralization, in particular biosilicification (i.e., the formation of biogenic silica, SiO₂), has become an exciting source of inspiration for the development of novel bionic approaches, following “Nature as model”. Among the silica forming organisms there are the sponges that have the unique property to catalyze their silica skeletons by a specific enzyme termed silicatein. In the present review we summarize the present state of knowledge on silicatein-mediated “biosilica” formation in marine sponges, the involvement of further molecules in silica metabolism and their potential application in biomedicine. Recent advancements in the production of bone replacement material and in the potential use as a component in the treatment of osteoporosis are highlighted.

Keywords

biomineralization / biosilica / medicine / biomaterials / osteoporosis