The pathway of HAP nanoparticle uptake into hepatoma carcinoma cells

Abstract

To study the pathway of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticle uptake into hepatoma carcinoma cells, by selecting bigger particles as contrast, HAP particles with 70.8, 1078.8, and 1906.6 nm mean diameters were prepared. Using TEM, the distribution conditions of the three kinds of HAP particles on the cell membrane surface and within the endochylema, as well as the change in lysosomes was observed after HAP particles were treated onto Bel-7402 cells for 2, 12, 24, and 48 h. The results showed that there were HAP nanoparticles adhering to the depressed part of the plasmalemma, and in the endochylema there were HAP nanoparticles which were enclosed in many vesicles with different sizes. The lysosome had no changes compared to the blank control. The same results were seen for bigger particle groups. Through contrast analysis, it was thought that HAP nanoparticles were internalized into the hepatoma carcinoma cells and then formed vesicles. HAP nanoparticles enclosed in vesicles did not undergo lysosomal digestion. These characteristics are in accord with non-clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, the pathway of HAP nanoparticle uptake into hepatoma carcinoma cells is possibly caveolae-mediated endocytosis and it has no relation to particle size. This result lays the foundation for further research into the anticancer mechanism of HAP nanoparticles, and plays an important role in the research on nanoparticles as carriers of anticancer drugs.

Keywords

hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles / hepatoma carcinoma cell / endocytosis / caveolae

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