Evaluative standard for the eight-legged essay in the imperial examinations of the Qing Dynasty

Abstract

The eight-legged essay was the dominant portion of the imperial examinations in the Qing Dynasty (Qing Chao ng CE 1644–1911). However, the study on the evaluative standards for the eight-legged essay is often neglected and insufficiently discussed. Based on an investigation of A Complete Collection of Vermillion Examination Essays in the Qing Dynasty, the author of this paper proposes that the four aspects of purity, truthfulness, refinement and appropriateness  constitute the overall requirements of the examination essay and the four elements of principle, rules, diction and qi  form the operating standards of the examiners in grading the ranks and quality of the eight-legged essay.

Keywords

eight-legged essay, imperial examination, evaluative standard, qing zhen ya zheng, li fa ci qi