A simplified model of direct-contact heat transfer in desalination system utilizing LNG cold energy
Received date: 02 Jan 2011
Accepted date: 13 Dec 2011
Published date: 05 Jun 2012
Copyright
With the increasingly extensive utilization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in China today, sustainable and effective using of LNG cold energy is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the utilization of LNG cold energy in seawater desalination system is proposed and analyzed. In this system, the cold energy of the LNG is first transferred to a kind of refrigerant, i.e., butane, which is immiscible with water. The cold refrigerant is then directly injected into the seawater. As a result, the refrigerant droplet is continuously heated and vaporized, and in consequence some of the seawater is simultaneously frozen. The formed ice crystal contains much less salt than that in the original seawater. A simplified model of the direct-contact heat transfer in this desalination system is proposed and theoretical analyses are conducted, taking into account both energy balance and population balance. The number density distribution of two-phase bubbles, the heat transfer between the two immiscible fluids, and the temperature variation are then deduced. The influences of initial size of dispersed phase droplets, the initial temperature of continuous phase, and the volumetric heat transfer coefficient are also clarified. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data of the R114/water system.
Qingqing SHEN , Wensheng LIN , Anzhong GU , Yonglin JU . A simplified model of direct-contact heat transfer in desalination system utilizing LNG cold energy[J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2012 , 6(2) : 122 -128 . DOI: 10.1007/s11708-012-0175-0
1 |
Gu Y, Ju Y L. LNG-FPSO: Offshore LNG solution. Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China, 2008, 2(3): 249–255
|
2 |
Gu Y, Ju Y L. Effect of parameters on performance of LNG-FPSO offloading system in offshore associated gas fields. Applied Energy, 2010, 87(11): 3393–3400
|
3 |
Li Q Y, Ju Y L. Design and analysis of liquefaction process for offshore associated gases. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010, 30(11): 2518–2525
|
4 |
Gao T, Lin W S, Gu A Z, Gu M. Coalbed methane liquefaction adopting a nitrogen expansion process with propane pre-cooling. Applied Energy, 2010, 87(7): 2141–2147
|
5 |
Li Q Y, Wang L, Ju Y L. Liquefaction and impurity separation of oxygen bearing coal-bed methane. Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China, 2010, 4(3): 319–325
|
6 |
Maxwell D, Zhu Z. Natural gas prices, LNG transport costs, and the dynamics of LNG imports. Energy Economics, 2011, 33(2): 217–226
|
7 |
Xing Y, Liu M. Status quo and prospect analysis on LNG industry in China. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(1): 120–123
|
8 |
Shi G H, Jing Y Y, Wang S L, Zhang X T. Development status of liquefied natural gas industry in China. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(11): 7457–7465
|
9 |
Lin W S, Zhang N, Gu A Z. LNG (liquefied natural gas): A necessary part in China’s future energy infrastructure. Energy, 2010, 35(11): 4383–4391
|
10 |
Zhang N, Lior N. A novel near-zero CO2 emission thermal cycle with LNG cryogenic exergy utilization. Energy, 2006, 31(10,11): 1666–1679
|
11 |
Cravalho E, McGrath J, Toscano W. Thermodynamic analysis of the re-gasification of LNG for the desalination of seawater. Cryogenics, 1977, 17(3): 135–139
|
12 |
Antonelli A. Desalinated water production at LNG-terminals. Desalination, 1983, 45(1–3): 383–390
|
13 |
Sideman S, Shabtai H. Shabtai, H. Direct-contact heat transfer between a single drop and an immiscible liquid medium. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1964, 42(3): 107–117
|
14 |
Sideman S, Taitel Y. Direct-contact heat transfer with change of phase: Evaporation of drops in an immiscible liquid media. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1964, 7(11): 1273–1289
|
15 |
Sideman S, Isenberg J, Isenberg J. Direct-contact heat transfer with change of phase: Bubble growth in three-phase systems. Desalination, 1967, 2(2): 207–214
|
16 |
Sideman S, Hirsch G. Direct-contact heat transfer with change of phase. III: Analysis of the transfer mechanism of drops evaporating in immiscible liquid media. Israel Journal of Technology, 1964, 2(2): 234–241
|
17 |
Tochitani Y, Mori Y, Komotori K. Vaporization of single liquid drops in an immiscible liquid, Part I: Forms and motions of vaporizing drops. Warme-und Stoffubertragung, 1977, 10(1): 51–59
|
18 |
Tochitani Y, Nakagawa T, Mori Y, Komotori K. Vaporization of single liquid drops in an immiscible liquid, Part II: Heat transfer characteristics. Warme-und Stoffubertragung, 1977, 10(2): 71–79
|
19 |
Raina G, Grover P. Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: Theoretical model. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1982, 28(3): 515–517
|
20 |
Raina G, Grover P. Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: Theoretical model incorporating sloshing effects. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1985, 31(3): 507–509
|
21 |
Raina G, Wanchoo R, Grover P. Direct contact heat transfer with phase change: Motion of evaporating droplets. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1984, 30(5): 835–837
|
22 |
Battya P, Raghavan V, Seetharamu K. Parametric studies on direct contact evaporation of a drop in an immiscible liquid. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1984, 27(2): 263–272
|
23 |
Sideman S, Hirsch G, Gat Y. Direct-contact heat transfer with change of phase: Effect of the initial drop size in three-phase heat exchangers. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1965, 11(6): 1081–1087
|
24 |
Sideman S, Gat Y. Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: Spray-column studies of a three-phase heat exchanger. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1966, 12(2): 296–303
|
25 |
Seetharamu K, Battya P. Direct contact evaporation between two immiscible liquids in a spray column. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1989, 111(1): 780–785
|
26 |
Mori Y. An analytic model of direct-contact heat transfer in spray-column evaporators. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1991, 37(4): 539–546
|
27 |
Kiatsiriroat T, Thalang K, Dabbhasuta S. Ice formation around a jet stream of refrigerant. Energy Conversion and Management, 2000, 41(3): 213–221
|
28 |
Kiatsiriroat T, Vithayasai S, Vorayos N, Nuntaphan A, Vorayos N. Heat transfer prediction for a direct contact ice thermal energy storage. Energy Conversion and Management, 2003, 44(4): 497–508
|
29 |
Byrd L, Mulligan J. A population balance approach to direct-contact secondary refrigerant freezing. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1986, 32(11): 1881–1888
|
30 |
Core K, Mulligan J. Heat transfer and population characteristics of dispersed evaporating droplets. AIChE Journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1990, 36(8): 1137–1144
|
31 |
Song M, Steiff A, Weinspach P. The analytical solution for a model of direct contact evaporation in spray columns. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996, 23(2): 263–272
|
32 |
Song M, Steiff A, Weinspach P. Parametric analysis of direct contact evaporation process in a bubble column. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1998, 41(12): 1749–1758
|
33 |
Song M, Steiff A, Weinspach P. Direct-contact heat transfer with change of phase: A population balance model. Chemical Engineering Science, 1999, 54(17): 3861–3871
|
34 |
Marchal P, David R, Klein J, Villermaux J. Crystallization and precipitation engineering-I: An efficient method for solving population balance in crystallization with agglomeration. Chemical Engineering Science, 1988, 43(1): 59–67
|
/
〈 | 〉 |