Introduction
Nanostructure engineering of TiO2
Crystal lattices and phases
Fig.3 SEM and bright-field TEM images of TiO2 nanobelts (reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]). Copyright 2010, American Chemical Society) (a) SEM image of the anatase TiO2 nanobelts; (b) bright-field TEM images with SAED patterns of the nanobelt, and the diagram to show the relationship between the incident beam and the nanobelt |
Black TiO2
TiO2 modifications by incorporating other elements
Tab.1 Summary of reviewed papers using co-catalysts to modify TiO2 |
Co-catalyst | TiO2 type | Light source | S/% | Product | Production /(mmol∙(g∙h)−1) | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ag NPs | P25 | UV-vis | - | CH4 (gas) CH3OH (aqueous) | 1.4 4.3 | [44] |
2 | In | P25 | UV | 69 | CH4 | 244.0 | [45] |
3 | Cu | P25 | UV-rich | - | HCOOH | 25.7 | [46] |
4 | CuO | P25 | UV | - | CO | 14.5 | [47] |
5 | Cu0 | P25 | UV | - | CH4 | 30.1 | [47] |
6 | Pt-Cu2O | P25 | UV-vis | 85 | CH4 | 33.0 | [48] |
7 | Pt-MgO | P25 | UV-vis | 83 | CH4 | 8.9 | [49] |
8 | Au-Cu | P25 | Smulated sunlight | 97 | CH4 | 2000 | [50] |
9 | Cu-Pt | P25 | UV-vis | - | CH4 | 11.4 | [51] |
10 | Pt-Cu2O | TiO2 NCs | UV | 97 | CH4 | 1.4 | [52] |
11 | Au-Cu | SrTiO3/TiO2 | UV-vis | - | CH4 | 421.2 | [53] |
12 | Cu-Pt | TiO2 NTAs | Simulated sunlight | - | CH4 | 0.6 | [54] |
13 | Au | TiO2 NTAs | Simulated sunlight | - | CH4 | 58.5 | [55] |
14 | Ru | TiO2 NTAs | Simulated sunlight | - | CH4 | 26.4 | [55] |
15 | Zn-Pd | TiO2 NTAs | Simulated sunlight | - | CH4 | 26.8 | [55] |
16 | Ag-Pd | N-doped TiO2 NSs | Simulated sunlight | - | CH4 | 79.0 | [56] |
17 | Cu-In | P25 | UV | 99 | CO | 6.5 | [58] |
18 | Ni-In | P25 | UV | 99.7 | CO | 12.0 | [59] |
19 | Au-In | P25 | UV | 99 | CO | 9.0 | [57] |
20 | Cu-In | TiO2 NPs | UV | 92 66 | CH4 CH3OH | 181.0 68.0 | [60] |
21 | Cu-V | P25 & PU | Visible | - | CH4 CO | 933.0 588.0 | [61] |
Notes: NTA—nanotube arrays; NCs—nanocrystals; NSs—nanosheets; S%—selectivity% |