Analysis of resonant coupling coil configurations of EV wireless charging system: a simulation study

Abstract

Nowadays, internal combustion engine vehicles are considered as one of the major contributors to air pollution. To make transportation more environmentally friendly, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have been proposed. However, with an increase in the number of PEVs, the drawbacks associated with the cost and size, as well as charging cables of batteries have arisen. To address these challenges, a novel technology named wireless charging system has been recently recommended. This technology rapidly evolves and becomes very attractive for charging operations of electric vehicles. Currently, wireless charging systems offer highly efficient power transfer over the distances ranging from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters. This paper is focused on analyzing electromagnetically coupled resonant wireless technique used for the charging of EVs. The resonant wireless charging system for EVs is modeled, simulated, and then examined by changing different key parameters to evaluate how transfer distance, load, and coil’s geometry, precisely number of coin’s turns, coin’s shape, and inter-turn distance, influence the efficiency of the charging process. The simulation results are analyzed and critical dimensions are discussed. It is revealed that a proper choice of the dimensions, inter-turn distance, and transfer distance between the coils can result in a significant improvement in charging efficiency. Furthermore, the influence of the transfer distance, frequency, load, as well as the number of the turns of the coil on the performance of wireless charging system is the main focus of this paper.

Key words： electromagnetically coupled resonator; near-field power transfer; wireless power transfer (WPT)

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the program-targeted funding of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan BR05236524 “Innovative Materials and Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage” for 2018-2020.

References

1 Wu H, Gilchrist A, Sealy K, Israelsen P. A review on inductive charging for electric vehicles. In: IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2011, 143–147

2 Qiu C, Chau K T, Ching T W, Liu C. Overview of wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles. Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, 2014, 12(1): 1679–1685

3 Li S, Mi C. Wireless power transfer for electric vehicle applications. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015, 3(1): 4–17

4 Musavi F, Eberle W. Overview of wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicle battery charging. IET Power Electronics, 2014, 7(1): 60–66

5 Vilathgamuwa D M, Sampath J P K. Wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles (EVs)—present and future trends. In: Rajakaruna S, Shahnia F, Ghosh A, eds. Plug in Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids. Power Systems. Singapore: Springer, 2015, 33–60

6 Chen H, Liu Z, Zeng H, Qu X D,Hou Y J. Study on high efficient electric vehicle wireless charging system. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016, 40(1): 012009

7 Bomber A, Rosa L. Wireless power transmission: an obscure history, possibly a bright future. Physics 464: Applied Optics, 1–15

8 Brown W. The history of wireless power transmission. Solar Energy, 1996, 56(1): 3–21

9 Zhu B, Li J, Hu W, Gao X R. Review of magnetic coupling resonance wireless energy transmission. International Journal of u- and e-Service, Science and Technology, 2015, 8(3): 257–272

10 Mohammed S, Ramasamy K, Shanmuganantham T. Wireless power transmission—a next generation power transmission system. International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2010, 1(13): 102–105

11 Nambiar S. Design of a wireless power transfer system using electrically coupled loop antennas. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Blackburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2015

12 Khayrudinov V. Wireless power transfer system. Bachelor: Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, 2015

13 Rankhamb S D, Mane A P. Review paper on wireless power transmission. International Journal of Scientific Research (Ahmedabad, India), 2016, 5(2): 1340–1343

14 Lu X, Wang P, Niyato D, Kim D I, Han Z. Wireless charging technologies: fundamentals, standards, and network applications. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2016, 18(2): 1413–1452

15 Siddiqui A, Nagani A, Ali R. Wireless power transfer techniques: a review. Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 2015, 3(12): 6711–616

16 Singh V, Singh A, Kumar S. Introduction to wireless power transmission. International Journal of Scientific Research (Ahmedabad, India), 2014, 8: 1–10

17 Shidujaman M, Samani H, Arif M. Wireless power transmission trends. In: International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014

18 Ho J S, Kim S, Poon A S Y. Midfield wireless powering for implantable systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2013, 101(6): 1369–1378

19 Mishra V, Nigam L, Mohan A. Wireless power transmission. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2014, 4(2): 533–537

20 Agcal A, Ozcira S, Bekiroglu N. Wireless power transfer by using magnetically coupled resonators. Journal of Wireless Power Transfer: Fundamentals and Technologies, 2016, 49–66

21 Kalwar K, Aamir M, Mekhilef S. Inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) for electric vehicle charging—a review. Elsevier Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 47: 462–475

22 Sultana G, Deepak T R, Bhushan P, Azeem M, Swathi G N. Design and implementation of wireless power transfer charging system on miniature model. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2016, 3(4): 45–49

23 Kishan D, Nayak P S R. Wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicle battery charging—a state of the art. In: 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES), Paralakhemundi, India, 2016, 2069–2073

24 Amin R M, Roy R. Design and simulation of wireless stationary charging system for hybrid electric vehicle using inductive power pad in parking garage. In: The 8th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2014

25 Joseph P K, Elangovan D.A review on renewable energy powered wireless power transmission techniques for light electric vehicle charging applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 2018, 16: 145–155

26 Wang S, Gao D. Power transfer efficiency analysis of the 4-coil wireless power transfer system based on circuit theory and coupled-mode theory. In: IEEE 11th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Hefei, China, 2016, 1230–1234

27 Huang Z, Kang L, Chen L, Feng T.Electric vehicles wireless charging system compensation based on the magnetic energy recovery switch. In: IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power (WoW), Daejeon, South Korea , 2015

28 Chopra S. Contactless power transfer for electric vehicle charging application. Dissertation for the Master’s Degree. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2011

29 Junussov A, Bagheri M, Lu M. Analysis of magnetically coupled resonator and four-coil wireless charging systems for EV. In: 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application (ICSEEA’17), Jakarta, Indonesia, 2017, 1–7

30 Debbou M, Colet F. Inductive wireless power transfer for electric vehicle dynamic charging. In: IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW), Daejeon, South Korea , 2016

31 Wang C S, Stielau O, Covic G. Design considerations for a contactless electric vehicle battery charger. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2005, 52(5): 1308–1314

32 Wei X, Wang Z, Dai H. A critical review of wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances. Energies, 2014, 7(7): 4316–4341

33 Vijayakumaran Nair V, Choi J. An efficiency enhancement technique for a wireless power transmission system based on a multiple coil switching technique. Energies, 2016, 9(3): 156

34 Chen J, Liu X, Chi Z. Research on efficiency of contactless charging system based on electromagnetic induction. MATEC Web of Conferences, 2016, 40: 07005–1-07005–5

35 Aldaher S. Design and optimization of switched-mode circuits for inductive links. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Bedfordshire: Cranfield University, 2014

36 All About Circuits. Factors affecting inductance. 2017–11–25, available at the website of allaboutcircuits