Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin

Abstract

To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215 kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344 kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2 m³/a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7 kWh/(m²·a), that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/(m²·a), and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0 kWh/(m²·a). Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

residential building / survey / statistical analysis / energy conversation / energy intensity / indoor thermal comfort

References

[1] Oliver J G J, Janssens-Maenhout G, Peters J A H W. Trends in global CO₂ emissions: 2012 report. 2012-07-18

[2] Tsinghua University Building Energy Research Center. 2012 Annual Report on China Building Energy Efficiency. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2012

[3] Tu F, Wang Q. Situation and development of building energy saving. New Building Materials, 2004, (7): 40–42(in Chinese)

[4] Chua K J, Chou S K. S K. Energy performance of residential buildings in Singapore. Energy, 2010, 35(2): 667–678

[5] Theodoridou I, Papadopoulos A M, Hegger M. Statistical analysis of the Greek residential building stock. Energy and Building, 2011, 43(9): 2422–2428

[6] Choi I Y, Cho S H, Kim J T. Energy consumption characteristics of high-rise apartment buildings according to building shape and mixed-use development. Energy and Building, 2012, 46: 123–131

[7] Song D, Choi Y J. Effect of building regulation on energy consumption in residential buildings in Korea. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, 16(1): 1074–1081

[8] Hiller C. Influence of residents on energy use in 57 Swedish houses measured during four winter days. Energy and Building, 2012, 54: 376–385

[9] Suárez I, Prieto M M, Fernández F J. Analysis of potential energy, economic and environmental savings in residential buildings: Solar collectors combined with microturbines. Applied Energy, 2013, 104: 128–136

[10] Cheng H, Feng X, Wang Y. Influences of window-wall ratio on annual energy consumption for heating and air conditioning in residential buildings in southern region of Jiangsu. Building Energy Efficiency, 2011, 39(11): 54–57 (in Chinese)

[11] Li N. Influence of action on residential building energy consumption in hot summer and cold winter zone. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree, Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2011

[12] Chen S, Yoshino H, Levine M D, Li Z. Contrastive analyses on annual energy consumption characteristics and the influence mechanism between new and old residential buildings in Shanghai, China, by the statistical methods. Energy and Building, 2009, 41(12): 1347–1359

[13] Zhong K, Fu H, Kang Y, Peng X. Indoor thermal conditions and the potential of energy conservation of naturally ventilated rooms in summer, China. Energy and Building, 2012, 55: 183–188

[14] Zhu D, Tao S, Wang R, Shen H, Huang Y, Shen G, Wang B, Li W, Zhang Y, Chen H, Chen Y, Liu J, Li B, Wang X, Liu W. Temporal and spatial trends of residential energy consumption and air pollutant emissions in China. Applied Energy, 2013, 106: 17–24

[15] Chinese Academy of Building Research., Energy conservation design standard for new heating residential buildings. 1995-12-07

[16] Tianjin Architectural Design Institute. Tianjin energy efficiency design standard for residential buildings. 2013

[17] Branco G, Lachal B, Gallinelli P, Weber W. Predicted versus observed heat consumption of a low energy multifamily complex in Switzerland based on long-term experimental data. Energy and Building, 2004, 36(6): 543–555

[18] Santin O G, Itard L, Visscher H. The effect of occupancy and building characteristics on energy use for space and water heating in Dutch residential stock. Energy and Building, 2009, 41(11): 1223–1232

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg