Impact of Ni particle size on CO₂ activation and CO formation during reforming process: A density functional theory study

Abstract

In recent years, the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction has gained widespread attention due to its effective utilization of two major greenhouse gases. Supported Ni-based catalysts for DRM exhibit a strong dependence on particle size, however, the reaction mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this work, the effect of metal particle size on CO₂ activation and CO formation was explored in the DRM reaction using the density functional theory. Nix/MgO (x = 13, 25, 37) was constructed to investigate the CO₂ activation and the formation of CO during the DRM reaction. It is found that CO₂ is more inclined to undergo chemisorption on Nix/MgO before activation. With the variation in particle size, the main activation pathway of CO₂ on the catalyst changes. On the smallest Ni13/MgO, CO₂ tends to directly dissociate, while on the larger Ni25/MgO and Ni37/MgO, the hydrogenation dissociation of CO₂ is more kinetically favorable. Compared to Ni13/MgO and Ni37/MgO, the oxidation of surface C atoms and the oxidation of CH occur more readily on Ni25/MgO. This indicates that C atoms are less likely to form on Ni25 particle and are more easily to be oxidized. To some extent, the results suggest that Ni25/MgO exhibits superior resistance to carbon formation.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

particle size / Ni/MgO catalyst / CO₂ activation / CO formation

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Open fund of Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University) of the Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. LLEUTS-202308), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52106179), the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 20210302124017), the Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province (Grant No. 20230012), the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (Grant No. 2023-065), and the Graduate Education Practical Innovation of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2023SJ056).

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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