A comprehensive review of wind power based power system frequency regulation

Abstract

Wind power (WP) is considered as one of the main renewable energy sources (RESs) for future low-carbon and high-cost-efficient power system. However, its low inertia characteristic may threaten the system frequency stability of the power system with a high penetration of WP generation. Thus, the capability of WP participating in the system frequency regulation has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the impact of WP on power system frequency stability is initially presented. In addition, various existing control strategies of WP participating in frequency regulation are reviewed from the wind turbine (WT) level to the wind farm (WF) level, and their performances are compared in terms of operating principles and practical applications. The pros and cons of each control strategy are also discussed. Moreover, the WP combing with energy storage system (ESS) for system frequency regulation is explored. Furthermore, the prospects, future challenges, and solutions of WP participating in power system frequency regulation are summarized.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

frequency regulation strategies / wind turbine generators / grid-forming control / model predictive control / energy storage system

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the State Grid Corporation Headquarters Science and Technology Project (Grant No. 5100-202199273A-0-0-00).

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests

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