Nanostructure and reactivity of soot from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with CO2 additions

Lijie ZHANG, Kaixuan YANG, Rui ZHAO, Mingfei CHEN, Yaoyao YING, Dong LIU

PDF(3153 KB)
PDF(3153 KB)
Front. Energy ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2) : 292-306. DOI: 10.1007/s11708-020-0658-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Nanostructure and reactivity of soot from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with CO2 additions

Author information +
History +

Abstract

This paper investigated the nanostructure and oxidation reactivity of soot generated from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with different CO2 additions and different temperatures in a quartz tube flow reactor. The morphology and nanostructure of soot samples were characterized by a low and a high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM and HRTEM) and an X-ray diffraction (XRD). The oxidation reactivity of these samples was explored by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Different soot samples were collected in the tail of the tube. With the increase of temperature, the soot showed a smaller mean particle diameter, a longer fringe length, and a lower fringe tortuosity, as well as a higher degree of graphization. However, the variation of soot nanostructures resulting from different CO2 additions was not linear. Compared with 0%, 50%, and 100% CO2 additions at one fixed temperature, the soot collected from the 10% CO2 addition has the highest degree of graphization and crystallization. At three temperatures of 1173 K, 1223 K, and 1273 K, the mean values of fringe length distribution displayed a ranking of 10% CO2>100% CO2>50% CO2 while the mean particle diameters showed the same order. Furthermore, the oxidation reactivity of different soot samples decreased in the ranking of 50% CO2 addition>100% CO2 addition>10% CO2 addition, which was equal to the ranking of mean values of fringe tortuosity distribution. The result further confirmed the close relationship between soot nanostructure and oxidation reactivity.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

2 / 5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis / soot / CO2 addition / nanostructure / reactivity

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Lijie ZHANG, Kaixuan YANG, Rui ZHAO, Mingfei CHEN, Yaoyao YING, Dong LIU. Nanostructure and reactivity of soot from biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis with CO2 additions. Front. Energy, 2022, 16(2): 292‒306 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-020-0658-3

References

[1]
Bose B K. Global warming: energy, environmental pollution, and the impact of power electronics. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 2010, 4(1): 6–17
CrossRef Google scholar
[2]
Steinberg M. Fossil fuel decarbonization technology for mitigating global warming. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1999, 24(8): 771–777
CrossRef Google scholar
[3]
Santos F, Fraser M P, Bird J A. Atmospheric black carbon deposition and characterization of biomass burning tracers in a northern temperate forest. Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 95: 383–390
CrossRef Google scholar
[4]
Jaramillo I C, Gaddam C K, Vander Wal R L, Huang C H, Levinthal J D, Lighty J A S. Soot oxidation kinetics under pressurized conditions. Combustion and Flame, 2014, 161(11): 2951–2965
CrossRef Google scholar
[5]
Stanger R, Wall T, Spörl R, Paneru M, Grathwohl S, Weidmann M, Scheffknecht G, McDonald D, Myöhänen K, Ritvanen J, Rahiala S, Hyppänen T, Mletzko J, Kather A, Santos S. Oxyfuel combustion for CO2, capture in power plants. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 40: 55–125
CrossRef Google scholar
[6]
Buhre B J P, Elliott L K, Sheng C D, Gupta R P, Wall T F. Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2005, 31(4): 283–307
CrossRef Google scholar
[7]
Abián M, Millera A, Bilbao R, Alzueta M U. Experimental study on the effect of different CO2, concentrations on soot and gas products from ethylene thermal decomposition. Fuel, 2012, 91(1): 307–312
CrossRef Google scholar
[8]
Abián M, Jensen A D, Glarborg P, Alzueta M U. Soot reactivity in conventional combustion and oxy-fuel combustion environments. Energy & Fuels, 2012, 26(8): 5337–5344
CrossRef Google scholar
[9]
Ying Y, Liu D. Nanostructure evolution and reactivity of nascent soot from inverse diffusion flames in CO2, N2, and He atmospheres. Carbon, 2018, 139: 172–180
CrossRef Google scholar
[10]
Liu D. Chemical effects of carbon dioxide addition on dimethyl ether and ethanol flames: a comparative study. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29(5): 3385–3393
CrossRef Google scholar
[11]
Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu P, Guan B, Ni H, Huang Z, Lin H. Experimental and kinetic study of the effects of CO2, and H2O addition on PAH formation in laminar premixed C2H4/O2/Ar flames. Combustion and Flame, 2018, 192: 439–451
CrossRef Google scholar
[12]
Zhou Y, Jin X, Jin Q. Numerical investigation on separate physicochemical effects of carbon dioxide on coal char combustion in O2/CO2 environments. Combustion and Flame, 2016, 167: 52–59
CrossRef Google scholar
[13]
Wen C, Wu Y, Chen X, Jiang G, Liu D. The pyrolysis and gasification performances of waste textile under carbon dioxide atmosphere. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2017, 128(1): 581–591
CrossRef Google scholar
[14]
Hartmann T, Paviet-Hartmann P, Rubin J B, Fitzsimmons M R, Sickafus K E. The effect of supercritical carbon dioxide treatment on the leachability and structure of cemented radioactive waste-forms. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), 1999, 19(5): 355–361
CrossRef Google scholar
[15]
Qian Y, Zhu L, Wang Y, Lu X. Recent progress in the development of biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 41: 633–646
CrossRef Google scholar
[16]
Chidambaram M, Bell A T. A two-step approach for the catalytic conversion of glucose to 2,5-dimethylfuran in ionic liquids. Green Chemistry, 2010, 12(7): 1253–1262
CrossRef Google scholar
[17]
Jiang B, Wang P, Ying Y, Luo M, Liu D. Nanoscale characteristics and reactivity of nascent soot from n-heptane/2,5-dimethylfuran inverse diffusion flames with/without magnetic fields. Energies, 2018, 11(7): 1698
CrossRef Google scholar
[18]
Jia P, Ying Y, Luo M, Jiang B, Liu D. Effects of swirling combustion on soot characteristics in 2,5-dimethylfuran/ n-heptane diffusion flames. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 139: 11–24
CrossRef Google scholar
[19]
Gogoi B, Raj A, Alrefaai M M, Stephen S, Anjana T, Pillai V, Bojanampati S. Effects of 2,5-dimethylfuran addition to diesel on soot nanostructures and reactivity. Fuel, 2015, 159: 766–775
CrossRef Google scholar
[20]
Zhang Q, Chen G, Zheng Z, Liu H, Xu J, Yao M. Combustion and emissions of 2,5-dimethylfuran addition on a diesel engine with low temperature combustion. Fuel, 2013, 103: 730–735
CrossRef Google scholar
[21]
Zhang Q, Yao M, Zheng Z. Study on combustion and emission characteristics fueled with diesel, diesel-butanol and diesel-DMF blends. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2014, 4: 45–50
[22]
Ma Z, Shen H, Xu C. Experiment of combustion characteristics and emissions of gasoline-DMF blends. Journal of Zhejiang University, 2013, 47: 1965–1969
[23]
Cheng Z, Xing L, Zeng M, Dong W, Zhang F, Qi F, Li Y. Experimental and kinetic modeling study of 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis at various pressures. Combustion and Flame, 2014, 161(10): 2496–2511
CrossRef Google scholar
[24]
Alexandrino K, Salvo P, Millera Á, Bilbao R, Alzueta M U.Influence of the temperature and 2,5-dimethylfuran concentration on its sooting tendency. Combustion Science and Technology, 2016, 188(4-5): 651–666
CrossRef Google scholar
[25]
Somers K P, Simmie J M, Gillespie F, Conroy C, Black G, Metcalfe W K, Battin-Leclerc F, Dirrenberger P, Herbinet O, Glaude P A, Dagaut P, Togbé C, Yasunaga K, Fernandes R X, Lee C, Tripathi R, Curran H J. A comprehensive experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modelling study of 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis and oxidation. Combustion and Flame, 2013, 160(11): 2291–2318
CrossRef Google scholar
[26]
Liu D, Wang W, Ying Y, Luo M. Nanostructure and reactivity of carbon particles from co-pyrolysis of biodiesel surrogate methyl octanoate blended with n-butanol. Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanostructures, 2018, 26(5): 278–290
CrossRef Google scholar
[27]
Ying Y, Liu D. Effects of butanol isomers additions on soot nanostructure and reactivity in normal and inverse ethylene diffusion flames. Fuel, 2017, 205: 109–129
CrossRef Google scholar
[28]
Ying Y, Liu D. Effects of flame configuration and soot aging on soot nanostructure and reactivity in n-butanol-doped ethylene diffusion flames. Energy & Fuels, 2017, 32: 1–84
[29]
Paladpokkrong C, Liu D, Ying Y, Wang W, Zhang R. Soot reduction by addition of dimethyl carbonate in normal and inverse ethylene diffusion flames: nanostructural evidence. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 2018, 72: 107–117
CrossRef Google scholar
[30]
Luo M, Ying Y, Liu D. Soot in flame-wall interactions: views from nanostructure and reactivity. Fuel, 2018, 212: 117–131
CrossRef Google scholar
[31]
Yehliu K, Vander Wal R L, Armas O, Boehman A L. Impact of fuel formulation on the nanostructure and reactivity of diesel soot. Combustion and Flame, 2012, 159(12): 3597–3606
CrossRef Google scholar
[32]
Esarte C, Abián M, Millera Á, Bilbao R, Alzueta M U. Gas and soot products formed in the pyrolysis of acetylene mixed with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or n-butanol. Energy, 2012, 43(1): 37–46
CrossRef Google scholar
[33]
Sánchez N E, Millera Á, Bilbao R, Alzueta M U. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), soot and light gases formed in the pyrolysis of acetylene at different temperatures: effect of fuel concentration. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013, 103: 126–133
CrossRef Google scholar
[34]
Ruiz M P, Callejas A, Millera A, Alzueta M U, Bilbao R. Soot formation from C2H2, and C2H4, pyrolysis at different temperatures. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2007, 79(1-2): 244–251
CrossRef Google scholar
[35]
Ruiz M P, de Villoria R G, Millera A, Alzueta M U, Bilbao R. Influence of the temperature on the properties of the soot formed from C2H2 pyrolysis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2007, 127(1-3): 1–9
CrossRef Google scholar
[36]
Yehliu K, Vander Wal R L, Boehman A L. Development of an HRTEM image analysis method to quantify carbon nanostructure. Combustion and Flame, 2011, 158(9): 1837–1851
CrossRef Google scholar
[37]
Yehliu K, Vander Wal R L, Boehman A L. A comparison of soot nanostructure obtained using two high resolution transmission electron microscopy image analysis algorithms. Carbon, 2011, 49(13): 4256–4268
CrossRef Google scholar
[38]
Wang W, Liu D, Ying Y, Liu G, Wu Y. On the response of nascent soot nanostructure and oxidative reactivity to photoflash exposure. Energies, 2017, 10(7): 961
CrossRef Google scholar
[39]
Velásquez M, Mondragón F, Santamaría A. Chemical characterization of soot precursors and soot particles produced in hexane and diesel surrogates using an inverse diffusion flame burner. Fuel, 2013, 104: 681–690
CrossRef Google scholar
[40]
Blevins L G, Fletcher R A, Benner B A Jr, Steel E B, Mulholland G W.The existence of young soot in the exhaust of inverse diffusion flames. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2002, 29(2): 2325–2333
CrossRef Google scholar
[41]
Bogarra M, Herreros J M, Tsolakis A, York A P E, Millington P J, Martos F J. Impact of exhaust gas fuel reforming and exhaust gas recirculation on particulate matter morphology in gasoline direct injection engine. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2017, 103: 1–14
CrossRef Google scholar
[42]
Brasil A M, Farias T L, Carvalho M G. A recipe for image characterization of fractal-like aggregates. Journal of Aerosol Science, 1999, 30(10): 1379–1389
CrossRef Google scholar
[43]
Ying Y Y, Liu D. Effects of water addition on soot properties in ethylene inverse diffusion flames. Fuel, 2019, 247: 187–197
CrossRef Google scholar
[44]
Xiao H, Hou B, Zeng P, Jiang A, Hou X, Liu J. Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with 2,5-dimethylfuran and diesel blends. Fuel, 2017, 192: 53–59
CrossRef Google scholar

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51822605 and 51576100) and 333 Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BRA2017428).

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-020-0658-3 and is accessible for authorized users.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2020 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF(3153 KB)

Accesses

Citations

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/