Biding strategy of vehicle parking for participating in energy and spinning reserve markets

Abstract

In this paper a model for suggesting a smart parking that involves a set of electric cars is presented to auction the management ability and correct parking planning in reserve spinning market, secondary energy market and grid. Parking interest under various scenarios is analyzed and its effective results are presented by a valid model. Besides, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for calculating maximum benefit.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

vehicle-to-grid (V2G) / spinning reserve / energy secondary market / smart parking

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Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg