Optimal redundant placement of PMUs in Indian power grid — northern, eastern and north-eastern regions
Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR, G. Surya CHANDRA, M. Jaya Bharata REDDY, Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA
Optimal redundant placement of PMUs in Indian power grid — northern, eastern and north-eastern regions
Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of smart grid (SG). One of the key requisites for SG implementation is that the grid should be completely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor measurement units (PMUs) in the present power grid measurement and monitoring system. Since the cost of PMU is high and any bus containing a PMU makes the neighboring connected buses observable, optimal placement of PMUs is very important for complete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optimal redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for PMU placement. The PMUs installed in these geographical locations will make the grid completely observable and maintain the observability under the conditions of failure of some PMUs or branch outages. Integer linear programming has been used for finding the optimal PMU locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revamping the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring complete observability during different contingency conditions.
phasor measurement unit (PMU) / smart grid (SG) / Indian power grid / northern region Indian power grid (NRIPG) / eastern region Indian power grid (ERIPG) / north-eastern region Indian power grid (NERIPG) / redundancy / integer linear programing (ILP)
[1] |
Power Finance Corporation Ltd. Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (R-APDRP) of Govt. of India. 2012-<month>12</month>-<day>29</day>, http://www.cseb.gov.in/cspdcl/rapdrp/SCADA-DMS/RFP%20for%20SIA_05-12-2012.pdf
|
[2] |
Taylor T, Ohrn M. Network Management for smart grids. 2013-<month>03</month>, http://www05.abb.com/global/scot/scot271.nsf/veritydisplay/461c2ae39130ceafc125762d0047f01f/$file/45-49%203M901_ENG72dpi.pdf
|
[3] |
PSGuard. Improved Power System Performance through Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control. 2013-<month>03</month>, http://www05.abb.com/global/scot/scot221.nsf/veritydisplay/d271149a1ebc45f9c1256db900564198/$file/741_psg_e_04_v.5.pdf
|
[4] |
Sinha A, Neogi S, Lahiri R N, Chowdhury S, Chowdhury S P, Chakraborty N. Smart grid initiative for power distribution utility in India. In: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. San Diego, USA, 2011, 1–8
|
[5] |
Anderson P M, LeReverend B K. Industry experience with special protection schemes. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1996, 11(3): 1166–1179
|
[6] |
Phadke A G, Thorp J S, Adamiak M G. A new measurement technique for tracking voltage phasors, local system frequency, and rate of change of frequency. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1983, PAS-102(5): 1025-1038
|
[7] |
Nuqui R F, Phadke A G. Phasor measurement unit placement techniques for complete and incomplete observability. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(4): 2381-2388
|
[8] |
Gou B. Generalized integer linear programming formulation for optimal PMU placement. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2008, 23(3): 1099-1104
|
[9] |
Abur A, Magnago F H. Optimal meter placement for maintaining observability during single branch outages. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, 14(4): 1273-1278
|
[10] |
Phadke A G, Thorp J S, Karimi K J. Real time voltage phasor measurements for static state estimation. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1985, 104(11): 3098-3106
|
[11] |
Garrity T F. Getting smart: innovations and trends for the future electric power systems. Power Systems Conference 2009 (PSC '09). Clemson, USA, 2008, 1-8
|
[12] |
Flynn B. What is the real potential of the smart grid? The AMRA International Symposium. Reno, USA, 2007
|
[13] |
Abbasy N H, Ismail H M. A unified approach for the optimal PMU location for power system state estimation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24(2): 806-813
|
[14] |
Phadke A G, Thorp J S, Nuqui R F, Zhou M. Recent developments in state estimation with phasor measurements. Power Systems Conference and Exposition 2009 (PSCE '09). Seattle, USA, 2009, 1-7
|
[15] |
Xu B, Abur A.Optimal placement of phasor measurement units for state estimation. Final Project Report, PSERC Publication 05-58, 2005
|
[16] |
Mohammadi-Ivatloo B. Optimal placement of PMUs for power system observability using topology based formulated algorithms. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2009, 9(13): 2463-2468
|
[17] |
Ghosh D, Ghose T, Mohanta D K. Communication feasibility analysis for smart grid with phasor measurement units. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2013, 99: 1-10
|
[18] |
Gopakumar P, Chandra G S, Reddy M J B. Optimal placement of phasor measurement units for Tamil Nadu state of Indian power grid. In: Proceedings of 11th IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). Venice, Italy, 2012, 80-83
|
[19] |
Gopakumar P, Chandra G S, Reddy M J B, Mohanta D K. Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid - A case study. Frontiers in Energy,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[20] |
Schulze M A. Linear Programming for Optimization. 1998, http://www.markschulze.net/LinearProgramming.pdf
|
[21] |
Power Grid Corporation Ltd. Govt. of India. Company Overview. 2013-<month>03</month>, www.powergridindia.com
|
[22] |
Pradeep Y, Khaparde S A. Complex event processing of high level events in multi-area power grid: An Indian perspective. In: IEEE Power and Energy Society Energy Meeting 2010. Minneapolis, MN, 2010, 1-6
|
[23] |
Roy A, Khaparde S A, Pentayya P, Usha S, Abhayankar A R. Operating experience of regional interconnections in India. In: IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2005, 2528-2535
|
[24] |
Zhu F, Zheng Y, Guo X, Wang S. Environmental impacts and benefits of regional power grid inter connections for China. Energy Policy, 2005, 33(14): 1797-1805
|
/
〈 | 〉 |