Thin-liquid-film evaporation at contact line
Hao WANG, Zhenai PAN, Zhao CHEN
Thin-liquid-film evaporation at contact line
When a liquid wets a solid wall, the extended meniscus near the contact line may be divided into three regions: a nonevaporating region, where the liquid is adsorbed on the wall; a transition region or thin-film region, where effects of long-range molecular forces (disjoining pressure) are felt; and an intrinsic meniscus region, where capillary forces dominate. The thin liquid film, with thickness from nanometers up to micrometers, covering the transition region and part of intrinsic meniscus, is gaining interest due to its high heat transfer rates. In this paper, a review was made of the researches on thin-liquid-film evaporation. The major characteristics of thin film, thin-film modeling based on continuum theory, simulations based on molecular dynamics, and thin-film profile and temperature measurements were summarized.
meniscus / thin film / contact line / disjoining pressure / evaporation
[1] |
Park K, Noh K J, Lee K S. Transport phenomena in the thin-film region of a micro-channel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003, 46(13): 2381-2388
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[2] |
Hallinan K P, Chebaro H C, Kim S J,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[3] |
Wang Hao, Garimella S V, Murthy J Y. Characteristics of an evaporating thin film in a microchannel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007, 50(1,2): 163-172
|
[4] |
Stephan K. Influence of dispersion forces on phase equilibria between thin liquid films and their vapour. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002, 45(24): 4715-4725
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[5] |
Stephan P C, Busse C A. Analysis of the heat-transfer coefficient of grooved heat pipe evaporator walls. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1992, 35(2): 383-391
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[6] |
Carey V P. Liquid-Vapor Phase-Change Phenomena. New York: Hemisphere Publishing House, 1992
|
[7] |
Moore F D, Mesler R B. The measurement of rapid surface temperature fluctuations during nucleate boiling of water. AICHE Journal, 1961, 7(4): 620-624
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[8] |
Pasamehmetoglu K O, Chappidi P R, Unal C,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[9] |
Lay J H, Dhir V K. Shape of a vapor stem during nucleate boiling of saturated liquids. Trans ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1995, 117(2): 394-401
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[10] |
Stephan P, Hammer J. A new model for nucleate boiling heat transfer. Heat Mass Transfer, 1994, 30(2): 119-125
|
[11] |
Derjaguin B V. Modern state of the investigation of long-range surface forces. Langmuir, 1987, 3(5): 601-606
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[12] |
Derjaguin B V, Zorin Z M. Optical study of the adsorption and surface condensation of vapours in the vicinity of saturation on a smooth surface. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of Surface Activity, London, 1957, 145-152
|
[13] |
Derjaguin B V. Definition of the concept of the magnitude of the disjoining pressure and its role in the statics and kinetics of thin liquid layers. Colloid Journal of the USSR, 1955, 17(2): 191-197
|
[14] |
Derjaguin B V, Starov V M, Churaev N V. Profile of the transition zone between a wetting film and the meniscus of the bulk liquid. Colloid Journal of the USSR, 1976, 38(5): 786-789
|
[15] |
Israelachvili J. Intermolecular Forces. Washington: Academic Press, 1992
|
[16] |
Hamaker H C. The london-van der waals interaction between spherical particles. Physica IV, 1937, 4(10): 1058-1072
|
[17] |
Wee S K. Microscale observables for heat and mass transport. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. College Station: Texas A&M University, 2004
|
[18] |
Wayner P C, Kao Y K, Lacroix L V. Interline heat-transfer coefficient of an evaporating wetting film. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1976, 19(5): 487-492
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[19] |
Schonberg J A, Wayner Jr P C. Analytical solution for the integral contact line evaporative heat sink. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1992, 6(1): 128-134
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[20] |
Schonberg J A, Dasgupta S, Wayner P C. An augmented young-laplace model of an evaporating meniscus in a microchannel with high heat-flux. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1995, 10(2): 163-170
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[21] |
Panchamgam S S, Gokhale S J, Plawsky J L,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[22] |
DasGupta S, Plawsky J L, Wayner Jr P C. Interfacial force field characterization in a constrained vapor bubble thermosyphon. AIChE Journal, 1995, 41(9): 2140-2149
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[23] |
Potash M, Wayner P C. Evaporation from a 2-dimensional extended meniscus. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1972, 15(10): 1851-1863
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[24] |
Holm F W, Goplen S P. Heat-transfer in the meniscus thin-film transition region. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1979, 101(3): 543-547
|
[25] |
Deryagin B V, Nerpin S V, Churayev N V. Effect of film heat transfer upon evaporation of liquids from capillaries. RILEM Bull, 1965, 29(1): 93-98
|
[26] |
Wang Hao, Garimella S V, Murthy J Y. An analytical solution for the total heat transfer in the thin-film region of an evaporating meniscus. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008, 51(25,26): 6317-6322
|
[27] |
Dasgupta S, Schonberg J A, Wayner P C. Investigation of an evaporating extended meniscus based on the augmented young-laplace equation. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 1993, 115(1): 201-208
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[28] |
Chakraborty C, Som S K. Heat transfer in an evaporating thin liquid film moving slowly along the walls of an inclined microchannel. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2005, 48(13): 2801-2805
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[29] |
Ma H B, Peterson G P. Temperature variation and heat transfer in triangular grooves with an evaporating film. Journal of Thermophysics Heat Transfer, 1997, 11(1): 90-97
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[30] |
Schrage R W. A Theoretical Study of Interface Mass Transfer. New York: Columbia University Press, 1953
|
[31] |
Marek R, Straub J. Analysis of the evaporation coefficient and the condensation coefficient of water. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(1): 39-53
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[32] |
Paul B. Complication of evaporation coefficients. ARS Journal, 1962, 32(9): 1321-1328
|
[33] |
Xu X, Carey V P. Film evaporation from a micro-grooved surface-an approximate heat transfer model and its comparison with experimental data. Journal of Thermophysics Heat Transfer, 1990, 4(4): 512-520
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[34] |
Morris S J S. The evaporating meniscus in a channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2003, 494: 2801-2805
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[35] |
Wee S K,Kihm K D, Pratt D M,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[36] |
Pearson J R A. On convection cells induced by surface tension. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1958, 4: 489-500
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[37] |
Sternling C V, Scriven L E. Interfacial turbulence: Hydrodynamic instability and the marangoni effect. AIChE Journal, 1959, 5: 514-523
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[38] |
Smith M K, Davis S H. Instabilities of dynamic thermocapillary liquid layers. Part 1: Convective instabilities. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1983, 132: 119-144
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[39] |
Smith M K, Davis S H. Instabilities of dynamic thermocapillary liquid layers. Part 2: Surface-wave instabilities. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1983, 132: 145-162
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[40] |
Goussis D A, Kelly R E. On the thermocapillary instabilities in a liquid layer heated from below. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1990, 33(10): 2237-2245
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[41] |
Miladinova S, Slavtchev S, Lebon G,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[42] |
Joo S,Davis S, Bankoff S. Long-wave instabilities of heated falling films: Two-dimensional theory of uniform layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1991, 230: 117-146
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[43] |
Kabov O A, Marchuk I V, Muzykantov A V,
|
[44] |
Kabov O A, Marchuk I V, Chupin V M. Thermal imaging study of the liquid film flowing on a vertical surface with local heat source. Russian Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 1996, 6: 105-138
|
[45] |
Kabov O. Formation of regular structures in a falling liquid film upon local heating. Thermophys Aeromech, 1998, 5: 547-551
|
[46] |
Scheid B, Kabov O, Minetti C,
|
[47] |
Kalliadasis S, Kiyashko A, Demekhin E A. Marangoni instability of a thin liquid film heated from below by a local heat source. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2003, 475: 377-408
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[48] |
Oron A, Davis S H, Bankoff S G. Long-scale evolution of thin liquid films. Rev Mod Phys, 1997. 69(3): 931-980
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[49] |
Oron A, Bankoff S G. Dewetting of a heated surface by an evaporating liquid film under conjoining/disjoining pressures. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1999, 218(1): 152-166
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[50] |
Münch A, Wagner B. Contact-line instability of dewetting thin films. Physics D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 2005, 209(1-4): 178-190
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[51] |
Lyushnin A V, Golovin A A, Pismen L M. Fingering instability of thin evaporating liquid films. Phys Rev E, 2002, 65(2): 021602
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[52] |
Fujita T, Ueda T. Heat transfer to falling liquid films and film breakdown-I: Subcooled liquid films. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1978, 21(2): 97-108
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[53] |
Hoke J B C, Chen J C. Thermocapillary breakdown of subcooled falling liquid films. Ind Eng Chem Res, 1992, 31: 688-694
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[54] |
Pautsch A G, Shedd T A. Adiabatic and diabatic measurements of the liquid film thickness during spray cooling with fc-72. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2006, 49(15,16): 2610-2618
|
[55] |
Yang T H, Pan C. Molecular dynamics simulation of a thin water layer evaporation and evaporation coefficient. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2005, 48(17): 3516-3526
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[56] |
Kikugawa G,Takagi S, Matsumoto Y. A molecular dynamics study on liquid-vapor interface adsorbed by impurities. Computers & Fluids, 2007, 36: 69-76
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[57] |
Wolde P R T, Frenkel D. Computer simulation study of gas-liquid nucleation in a lennard-jones system. J Chem Phys, 1998, 109: 9901-9918
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[58] |
Wang Jinzhao, Chen Min, Guo Zengyuan. A two-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation of liquid-vapor nucleation. Chinese Sci Bul, 2003, 48(7): 623-626
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[59] |
Maruyama S, Kimura T. A molecular dynamics simulation of a bubble nucleation on solid surface. Proceedings of the 5th ASME/JSME Joint Thermal Engineering Conference, 1999
|
[60] |
Yi Pan, Poulikakos D, Walther J,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[61] |
Freund J B. The atomic detail of an evaporating meniscus. Phys Fluid, 2005, 17(2): 022104
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[62] |
Jawurek H H. Simultaneous determination of microlayer geometry and bubble growth in nucleate boiling. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1969, 12(8): 843-848
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[63] |
Voutsinos C M, Judd R L. Laser interferometetric investigation of the microlayer evaporation phenomena. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1975, 97: 88-93
|
[64] |
Chen J D, Wada N. Edge profiles and dynamic contact angles of a spreading drop. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1992, 148: 207-222
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[65] |
DasGupta S, Plawsky J L, Wayner Jr P C . Interfacial force field characterization in a constrained vapor bubble thermosyphon. AIChE Journal, 1995, 41: 2140-2149
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[66] |
Renk F J,Wayner Jr P C. An evaporating ethanol menicus, part I: Experimental studies. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1979, 101: 55-58
|
[67] |
Zheng L, Wang Y X, Plawsky J L,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[68] |
Plawsky J L, Panchamgam S S, Gokhale S J,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[69] |
Panchamgam S S, Plawsky J L, Wayner P C. Spreading characteristics and microscale evaporative heat transfer in an ultrathin film containing a binary mixture. Trans ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 2006, 128(12): 1266-1275
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[70] |
Gokhale S J, Plawsky J L, Wayner P C,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[71] |
Argade R, Ghosh S, De S,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[72] |
Deng L, Plawsky J L, Wayner P C,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[73] |
Churaev N V, Esipova N E, Hill R M,
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[74] |
Liu A H, Wayner P C, Plawsky J L. Image scanning ellipsometry for measuring nonuniform film thickness profiles. Applied Optics, 1994, 33(7): 1223-1229
|
[75] |
Liu A H, Wayner P C, Plawsky J L. Image scanning ellipsometry for measuring the transient, film thickness profiles of draining liquids. Physics of Fluids, 1994, 6(6): 1963-1971
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[76] |
Liu A H, Wayner P C, Plawsky J L. Drainage of a partially wetting film: Dodecane on silicon. Ind Eng Chem Res, 1996, 35(9): 2955-2963
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[77] |
Hohmann C, Stephan P. Microscale temperature measurement at an evaporating liquid meniscus. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2002, 26(2-4): 157-162
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[78] |
Buffone C, Sefiane K. Temperature measurement near the triple line during phase change using thermochromic liquid crystal thermography. Exp Fluids, 2005, 39: 99-110
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[79] |
Buffone C,Sefiane K, Christy J R E. Experimental investigation of the hydrodynamics and stability of an evaporating wetting film placed in a temperature gradient. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2004, 24(8,9): 1157-1170
|
[80] |
Buffone C, Sefiane K. Ir measurements of interfacial temperature during phase change in a confined environment. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2004, 29(1): 65-74
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[81] |
Buffone C, Sefiane K. Controlling evaporative thermocapillary convection using external heating: An experimental investigation. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2008, 32(6): 1287-1300
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[82] |
Buffone C, Sefiane K. Investigation of thermocapillary convective patterns and their role in the enhancement of evaporation from pores. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2004, 30(9): 1071-1091
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[83] |
Buffone C, Sefiane K, Christy J R E. Experimental investigation of self-induced thermocapillary convection for an evaporating meniscus in capillary tubes using micro-particle image velocimetry. Physics of Fluids, 2005, 17(5): 052104
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
A | dispersion constant/J |
hfg | latent heat of evaporation/(J•kg-1) |
K | curvature/(L•m-1) |
kl | liquid conductivity/(W•mK-1) |
m' | mass flow rate/(kg•ms-1) |
m'' | interface net mass flux/(kg•m-2•s-1) |
molecular weight/(kg•mol-1) | |
pc | capillary pressure/( N•m-2) |
pd | disjoining pressure/( N•m-2) |
pl | liquid pressure/( N•m-2) |
Δpl | change of liquid pressure/( N•m-2) |
psat | saturation pressure/( N•m-2) |
pv | vapor pressure/( N•m-2) |
pv_equ | equilibrium pressure/( N•m-2) |
q | integrated heat transfer rate/(W•m-1) |
R | meniscus radius/m |
universal gas constant (J•mol-1•K-1) | |
T | temperature/K |
V | molar volume/(m3•mol-1) |
x | x coordinate/m |
y | y coordinate/m |
δ | liquid layer thickness/m |
ν | kinematic viscosity/(m2•s-1) |
μ | dynamic viscosity/(N•s•m-2) |
ρl | liquid density/(kg•m-3) |
ρv | vapor density/(kg•m-3) |
σ | surface tension coefficient (N•m-1) |
accommodation coefficient | |
subscripts | |
c | condensation |
e | evaporation |
l | liquid |
lv | liquid-vapor interface |
sat | saturated |
sum | summation |
/
〈 | 〉 |