Selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃ over metal oxides catalysts: A state-of-the-art review

Abstract

The control of NO_x emissions is of critical importance for improving air quality. Selective catalytic reduction of NOₓ with NH₃ (NH₃-SCR) remains the leading technology for NO_x abatement. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in typical metal oxide catalysts, including V-based, Ce-based, Fe-based, and Mn-based systems. It critically discusses the underlying reaction mechanisms and highlights the pivotal roles of catalyst supports, additives, morphology, pretreatment, preparation methods, and synergistic effects between different metal components in determining catalytic activity and poisoning resistance. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the practical challenges posed by complex flue gas compositions—including H₂O, SO₂, P, and heavy or alkali metals—is provided. For V-based catalysts, regeneration methods are discussed in detail. In contrast to conventional V-based systems, the challenges associated with the industrial application of non-vanadium catalysts are also summarized, with particular emphasis on their durability under real-world conditions and resistance to flue gas components. Finally, we present perspectives and outline future research directions aimed at guiding the development of next-generation SCR catalysts, with a focus on elucidating reaction mechanisms under complex conditions and bridging the gap between laboratory-scale research and practical industrial application.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Nitrogen oxides / NH₃-SCR / Metal oxides catalysts / Reaction mechanism

Highlight

	● The reaction mechanisms for NH3-SCR of NO x are analyzed.
	● Various enhancement strategies for the NH3-SCR catalyst are reviewed.
	● The structure-performance relationship of the catalysts is discussed.
	● Challenges and future prospects for NH3-SCR of NO x are presented.

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