Climate change and its impact on environmental health: a narrative review of tropical countries

Highlights

	● Climate change influences changes in infectious disease patterns.
	● Climate change influences changes in the NCD pattern.
	● Climate change influences environmental factors related to health.

Abstract

This narrative review evaluates the impacts of climate change, referring to the long-term shifting of temperature that could have wide-ranging impacts on societies across the globe. Moreover, changes in climatic factors could induce changes in environmental factors and/or the related health status in several ways, especially in tropical countries where both infectious and noninfectious diseases are prevalent. This review explores the relationships between diseases in tropical regions and climate change. An examination of the overall impacts of environmental factors in these countries highlights changes in health status and disease patterns related to food-borne and water-borne diseases, vector-borne diseases and remarkable noncommunicable diseases. Adaptation and mitigation measures, such as bolstering health systems and disease surveillance, are needed to address these findings. Resilience and public awareness are key components of effective policies, and cross-sector cooperation and sustainable financial practices are essential for improving health outcomes and combating diseases connected to climate change.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Climate change / Tropical diseases / Noncommunicable diseases / Public health policy response

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CRediT Authorship Contribution Statement

Conceptualization: Kraichat Tantrakarnapa and Wissanuppong Kliengchuay; review and writing the manuscript draft: Wissanuppong Kliengchuay, Suwalee Worakhunpiset, Jira Kongpan, Benjawan Tawatsupa, Pussadee Laor, Weerayuth Siriratruengsuk, Sawaeng Kawichai, Arthit Phosri, Sompok Kingkaew, Narut Sahanavin, San Suwanmanee, Yuming Guo, Masahiro Hashizume, and Kraichat Tantrakarnapa; review and editing: Kraichat Tantrakarnapa, San Suwanmanee, Wissanuppong Kliengchuay, Yuming Guo, and Masahiro Hashizume; Wissanuppong Kliengchuay, and Kraichat Tantrakarnapa are major contributors in the review, writing, and editing of the manuscript. Project administration: Yuming Guo, Masahiro Hashizume, and Kraichat Tantrakarnapa. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This research project was supported by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) E-Asia Joint Research Program 2021–2023: Climate change impact on natural and human systems (Nos. 110/2021, N33A650979, and N33A670560). The funder had no role in designing the study; collecting, analysing, or interpreting the data; or writing the manuscript. We also thank the Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand.

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