Degradation of Azo dye direct black BN based on adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction

Highlights

The adsorption behavior of DB BN on microwave catalyst MgFe₂O₄-SiC was investigated and the effects of concentration, temperature and pH on the adsorption process were discussed in this study.

The microwave-induced catalytic degradation rate of DB BN decreased even more than ten percent after the adsorption equilibrium were attained.

The degradation intermediate products of DB BN were identified and analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS.

The proposed degradation pathways of direct black BN (DB BN) were described by combining with the microwave-induced catalytic reaction mechanism of MgFe₂O₄-SiC.

Abstract

The novel microwave catalyst MgFe₂O₄-SiC was synthesized via sol-gel method, to remove azo dye Direct Black BN (DB BN) through adsorption and microwave-induced catalytic reaction. Microwave-induced catalytic degradation of DB BN, including adsorption behavior and its influencing factors of DB BN on MgFe₂O₄-SiC were investigated. According to the obtained results, it indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was suitable for the adsorption of DB BN onto MgFe₂O₄-SiC. Besides, the consequence of adsorption isotherm depicted that the adsorption of DB BN was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm, which verified that the singer layer adsorption of MgFe₂O₄-SiC was dominant than the multi-layer one. The excellent adsorption capacities of MgFe₂O₄-SiC were kept in the range of initial pH from 3 to 7. In addition, it could be concluded that the degradation rate of DB BN decreased over ten percent after the adsorption equilibrium had been attained, and the results from the result of comparative experiments manifested that the adsorption process was not conducive to the process of microwave-induced catalytic degradation. The degradation intermediates and products of DB BN were identified and determined by GC-MS and LC-MS. Furthermore, combined with the catalytic mechanism of MgFe₂O₄-SiC, the proposed degradation pathways of DB BN were the involution of microwave-induced ·OH and holes in this catalytic system the breakage of azo bond, hydroxyl substitution, hydroxyl addition, nitration reaction, deamination reaction, desorbate reaction, dehydroxy group and ring-opening reaction.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Adsorption / Microwave-induced catalytic degradation / Direct black BN / Degradation pathway

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the Prospective Project on Integration of Industry, Education and Research of Jiangsu Province (BY2016116), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21777067 and 51278242) and the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China (No. 2015ZX07204-007).

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