Effect of effluent organic matter on ozonation of bezafibrate

Abstract

The influence of three effluent organic matter (EfOM) model compounds, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (AGS), on the ozonation of bezafibrate (BF), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP), was investigated. The results show that ozonation efficiently removed BF from aqueous solution with removal efficiencies>95% within 8 min for all conditions. The reaction rate of BF decreased with increasing model compounds concentrations and the influence was more pronounced for HA and BSA, while less pronounced for AGS. Although BF concentration was significantly reduced, the degree of mineralization achieved was only approximately 11%. The addition of HA and BSA improved the mineralization of the solution, while the influence of AGS was minor. The acute toxicity of BF solution during ozonation was determined using the Luminescent bacteria test, and the toxicity exhibited an initial increase and a successive reduction. An overall decreased acute toxicity was observed with an increase of HA. The presence of BSA increased the formation rate of toxicity intermediates and resulted in inhibition peak forward.

Keywords

ozonation / bezafibrate / acute toxicity / humic acid / bovine serum albumin / sodium alginate

References

[1] von Gunten U. Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation. Water Research, 2003, 37(7): 1443–1467

[2] Huber M M, Canonica S, Park G Y, von Gunten U. Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation and advanced oxidation processes. Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 37(5): 1016–1024

[3] Westerhoff P, Yoon Y, Snyder S, Wert E. Fate of endocrine-disruptor, pharmaceutical, and personal care product chemicals during simulated drinking water treatment processes. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(17): 6649–6663

[4] Ikehata K, Gamal El-Din M G, Snyder S A. Ozonation and advanced oxidation treatment of emerging organic pollutants in water and wastewater. Ozone Science and Engineering, 2008, 30(1): 21–26

[5] Yang X, Flowers R C, Weinberg H S, Singer P C. Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in an advanced wastewater reclamation plant. Water Research, 2011, 45(16): 5218–5228

[6] Sui Q, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G, Fan Q. Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals, caffeine and DEET in wastewater treatment plants of Beijing, China. Water Research, 2010, 44(2): 417–426

[7] Nakada N, Shinohara H, Murata A, Kiri K, Managaki S, Sato N, Takada H. Removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sand filtration and ozonation at a municipal sewage treatment plant. Water Research, 2007, 41(19): 4373–4382

[8] Sui Q, Huang J, Lu S G, Deng S B, Wang B, Zhao W T, Qiu Z F, Yu G. Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products by sequential ultraviolet and ozonation process in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2014, 8(1): 62–68

[9] Lin A Y C, Lin C F, Chiou J M, Hong P K. O₃ and O₃/H₂O₂ treatment of sulfonamide and macrolide antibiotics in wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 171(1–3): 452–458

[10] Garoma T, Umamaheshwar S K, Mumper A. Removal of sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfathiazole from aqueous solution by ozonation. Chemosphere, 2010, 79(8): 814–820

[11] Jung Y J, Kim W G, Yoon Y, Hwang T M, Kang J W. pH effect on ozonation of ampicillin: kinetic study and toxicity assessment. Ozone Science and Engineering, 2012, 34(3): 156–162

[12] Yong E L, Lin Y P. Kinetics of natural organic matter as the initiator, promoter, and inhibitor, and their influences on the removal of ibuprofen in ozonation. Ozone Science and Engineering, 2013, 35(6): 472–481

[13] Lester Y, Avisar D, Mamane H. Ozone degradation of cyclophosphamide — Effect of alkalinity and key effluent organic matter constituents.  Ozone  Science  and  Engineering,  2013,  35(2):  125–133

[14] Weston A, Caminada D, Galicia H, Fent K. Effects of lipid-lowering pharmaceuticals bezafibrate and clofibric acid on lipid metabolism in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2009, 28(12): 2648–2655

[15] Regulska E, Karpińska J. Investigation of novel material for effective photodegradation of bezafibrate in aqueous samples. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014, 21(7): 5242–5248

[16] Isidori M, Nardelli A, Pascarella L, Rubino M, Parrella A. Toxic and genotoxic impact of fibrates and their photoproducts on non-target organisms. Environment International, 2007, 33(5): 635–641

[17] Dantas R F, Canterino M, Marotta R, Sans C, Esplugas S, Andreozzi R. Bezafibrate removal by means of ozonation: primary intermediates, kinetics, and toxicity assessment. Water Research, 2007, 41(12): 2525–2532

[18] Gonçalves A, Órfão J J M, Pereira M F R. Ozonation of bezafibrate promoted by carbon materials. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2013, 140–141: 82–91

[19] Manka J, Rebhun M, Mandelbaum A, Bortinger A. Characterization of organics in secondary effluents. Environmental Science & Technology, 1974, 8(12): 1017–1020

[20] Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. GB/T 15441–1995, Water Quality–Determination of the Acute Toxicity–Luminescent Bacteria Test. Beijing: China Standards Press, 1996

[21] Latifoglu A, Gurol M D. The effect of humic acids on nitrobenzene oxidation by ozonation and O₃/UV processes. Water Research, 2003, 37(8): 1879–1889

[22] Xiong F, Graham N J D. Removal of atrazine through ozonation in the presence of humic substances. Ozone Science and Engineering, 1992, 14(3): 263–268

[23] Xiong F, Legube B. Enhancement of radical chain reactions of ozone in water in the presence of an aquatic fulvic acid. Ozone Science and Engineering, 1991, 13(3): 349–363

[24] Miao H F, Tao W Y. Ozonation of humic acid in water. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2008, 83(3): 336–344

[25] Buffle M O, von Gunten U. Phenols and amine induced HO· generation during the initial phase of natural water ozonation. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(9): 3057–3063

Rights & permissions

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg