The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

Abstract

This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal- catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed.

Keywords

air pollution control / wastewater treatment / DeNO_x / selective catalytic reduction (SCR) / Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) / environmental catalysis

References

[1] Busca G, Lietti L, Ramis G, Berti F. Chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x by ammonia over oxide catalysts: a review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 18(1–2): 1–36

[2] Amiridis M D, Wachs I E, Deo G, Jehng J M, Kim D S. Reactivity of V₂O₅ catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃: Influence of vanadia loading, H₂O, and SO₂. Journal of Catalysis, 1996, 161(1): 247–253

[3] Liu F D, He H, Zhang C B. Novel iron titanate catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ in the medium temperature range. Chemical Communications, 2008, 17(17): 2043–2045

[4] Ma L, Li J H, Ke R, Fu L X. Catalytic Performance, Characterization, and Mechanism Study of Fe₂(SO₄)₃/TiO₂ Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x by Ammonia. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(15): 7603–7612

[5] Singoredjo L, Korver R, Kapteijn F, Moulijn J. Alumina supported manganese oxides for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of nitric-oxide with ammonia. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1992, 1(4): 297–316

[6] Shan W, Liu F, He H, Shi X, Zhang C. A superior Ce-W-Ti mixed oxide catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012, 115-116: 100–116

[7] Liu C X, Chen L, Li J H, Ma L, Arandiyan H, Du Y, Xu J Y, Hao J M. Enhancement of activity and sulfur resistance of CeO₂ supported on TiO₂-SiO₂ for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(11): 6182–6189

[8] Chen L, Li J H, Ge M F. DRIFT study on cerium-tungsten/titania catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(24): 9590–9596

[9] Pasel J, Kassner P, Montanari B, Gazzano M, Vaccari A, Makowski W, Lojewski T, Dziembaj R, Papp H. Transition metal oxides supported on active carbons as low temperature catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 18(3-4): 199–213

[10] Shan W, Liu F, He H, Shi X, Zhang C. A superior Ce-W-Ti mixed oxide catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012, 115-116: 100–106

[11] Topsøe N Y. Mechanism of the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia elucidated by in situ on-line fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Science, 1994, 265(5176): 1217–1219

[12] Chen L, Li J H, Ge M F. Promotional Effect of Ce-doped V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ with Low Vanadium Loadings for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x by NH₃. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(50): 21177–21184

[13] Li J H, Chang H Z, Ma L, Hao J M, Yang R T. Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃ over metal oxide and zeolite catalysts-A review. Catalysis Today, 2011, 175(1): 147–156

[14] Yang S J, Li J H, Wang C Z, Chen J H, Ma L, Chang H Z, Chen L, Peng Y, Yan N Q. Fe-Ti spinel for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃: Mechanism and structure-activity relationship. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012, 117: 73–80

[15] Si Z, Weng D, Wu X, Li J, Li G. Structure, acidity and activity of CuO_x/WO_x-ZrO₂ catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃. Journal of Catalysis, 2010, 271(1): 43–51

[16] Li Y, Cheng H, Li D, Qin Y, Xie Y, Wang S. WO₃/CeO₂-ZrO₂, a promising catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ in diesel exhaust. Chemical Communications, 2008, (12): 1470–1472

[17] Xu W, Yu Y, Zhang C, He H. Selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃ over a Ce/TiO₂ catalyst. Catalysis Communications, 2008, 9(6): 1453–1457

[18] Gao X, Jiang Y, Fu Y, Zhong Y, Luo Z, Cen K. Preparation and characterization of CeO₂/TiO₂ catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃. Catalysis Communications, 2010, 11(5): 465–469

[19] Shan W, Liu F, He H, Shi X, Zhang C. Novel cerium-tungsten mixed oxide catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO(_x) with NH₃. Chemical Communications, 2011, 47(28): 8046–8048

[20] Chen L, Li J H, Ablikim J D, Wang J, Chand H Z, Ma L, Ge M F, Arandiyan H. CeO₂-WO₃ mixed oxides for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x by NH₃ over a wide temperature range. Catalysis Letters, 2011, 141(12): 1859–1864

[21] Dai Y, Li J H, Peng Y, Tang X F. Effects of MnO₂ crystal structure and surface property on the NH₃-SCR reaction at low temperature. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2012, 28: 1771–1776

[22] Kijlstra W S, Biervliet M, Poels E K, Bliek A. Deactivation by SO₂ of MnO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts used for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ at low temperatures. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 16(4): 327–337

[23] Tang X, Hao J, Xu W, Li J. Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃ over amorphous MnO_x catalysts prepared by three methods. Catalysis Communications, 2007, 8(3): 329–334

[24] Cen W, Liu Y, Wu Z, Wang H, Weng X. A theoretic insight into the catalytic activity promotion of CeO₂ surfaces by Mn doping. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2012, 14(16): 5769–5777

[25] Qi G, Yang R T. Performance and kinetics study for low-temperature SCR of NO with NH₃ over MnO_x-CeO₂ catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 2003, 217(2): 434–441

[26] Chang H Z, Li J H, Chen X Y, Ma L, Yang S J, Schwank J W, Hao J M. Effect of Sn on MnO_x-CeO₂ catalyst for SCR of NO_x by ammonia: Enhancement of activity and remarkable resistance to SO₂. Catalysis Communications, 2012, 27(5): 54–57

[27] Qi G S, Yang R T, Chang R. MnO_x-CeO₂ mixed oxides prepared by co-precipitation for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ at low temperatures. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 51(2): 93–106

[28] Casapu M, Krocher O, Elsener M. Screening of doped MnO_x-CeO₂ catalysts for low-templerature NO-SCR. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 88(3-4): 413–419

[29] Wang S B, Lu G Q. Effects of acidic treatments on the pore and surface properties of Ni catalyst supported on activated carbon. Carbon, 1998, 36(3): 283–292

[30] Kijlstra W S, Brands D S, Poels E K, Bliek A. Mechanism of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃ over MnO_x/Al₂O₃.1. Adsorption and desorption of the single reaction components. Journal of Catalysis, 1997, 171(1): 208–218

[31] Eigenmann F, Maciejewski M, Baiker A. Selective reduction of NO by NH₃ over manganese-cerium mixed oxides: relation between adsorption, redox and catalytic behavior. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 62(3-4): 311–318

[32] Yang S J, Wang C Z, Li J H, Yan N Q, Ma L, Chang H Z. Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ over Mn-Fe spinel: Performance, mechanism and kinetic study. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, 110: 71–80

[33] Dunn J P, Stenger H G Jr, Wachs I E. Oxidation of SO₂ over supported metal oxide catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 181(2): 233–243

[34] Kobayashi M, Hagi M. V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂-SiO₂SO₂^- catalysts: Influence of active components and supports on activities in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃ and in the oxidation of SO₂. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 63(1-2): 104–113

[35] Xu W, He H, Yu Y. Deactivation of a Ce/TiO₂ catalyst by SO₂ in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(11): 4426–4432

[36] Casapu M, Kroecher O, Elsener M. Screening of doped MnO_x-CeO₂ catalysts for low-templerature NO-SCR. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 88(3-4): 413–419

[37] Du X, Gao X, Cui L, Fu Y, Luo Z, Cen K. Investigation of the effect of Cu addition on the SO₂-resistance of a Ce-Ti oxide catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃. Fuel, 2012, 92(1): 49–55

[38] Tang X, Hao J, Yi H, Li J. Low-temperature SCR of NO with NH₃ over AC/C supported manganese-based monolithic catalysts. Catalysis Today, 2007, 126(3-4): 406–411

[39] Yang S J, Wang C Z, Chen J H, Peng Y, Ma L, Chang H Z, Chen L, Liu C X, Xu J Y, Li J H, Yan N Q. A novel magnetic Fe-Ti-V spinel catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ in a broad temperature range. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2012, 2(5): 915–917

[40] Chang H Z, Li J H, Yuan J, Chen L, Dai Y, Arandiyan H, Xu J Y, Hao J M. Ge. Mn-doped CeO₂-WO₃ catalysts for NH₃-SCR of NO_x: Effects of SO₂ and H₂ regeneration. Catalysis Today, 2012,

[41] Khodayari R, Odenbrand C U I. Regeneration of commercial SCR catalysts by washing and sulphation: effect of sulphate groups on the activity. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 33(4): 277–291

[42] Zheng Y J, Jensen A D, Johnsson J E. Deactivation of V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ SCR catalyst at a biomass-fired combined heat and power plant. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 60(3-4): 253–264

[43] Lisi L, Lasorella G, Malloggi S, Russo G. Single and combined deactivating effect of alkali metals and HCl on commercial SCR catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 50(4): 251–258

[44] Nicosia D, Czekaj I, Kroecher O. Chemical deactivation of V₂O₅/WO₃-TiO₂ SCR catalysts by additives and impurities from fuels lubrication oils and urea solution- Part II. Characterization study of the effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 77(3-4): 228–236

[45] Klimczak M, Kern P, Heinzelmann T, Lucas M, Claus P. High-throughput study of the effects of inorganic additives and poisons on NH₃-SCR catalysts Part I: V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 95(1-2): 39–47

[46] Lietti L, Forzatti P, Ramis G, Busca G, Bregani F. Potassium doping of vanadia/titania de-NO_x catalysts-surface characterization and reactivity study. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1993, 3(1): 13–35

[47] Kamata H, Takahashi K, Odenbrand C U I. The role of K₂O in the selective reduction of NO with NH₃ over a V₂O₅(WO₃)/TiO₂ commercial selective catalytic reduction catalyst. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 1999, 139(2-3): 189–198

[48] Khodayari R, Odenbrand C U I. Regeneration of commercial TiO₂-V₂O₅-WO₃ SCR catalysts used in bio fuel plants. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 30(1-2): 87–99

[49] Tang X F, Li J H, Hao J M. Significant enhancement of catalytic activities of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve by marginal amount of doping vanadium. Catalysis Communications, 2010, 11(10): 871–875

[50] Chen L, Li J, Ge M. The poisoning effect of alkali metals doping over nano V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts on selective catalytic reduction of NO_x by NH₃. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 170(2-3): 531–537

[51] Calatayud M, Minot C. Effect of alkali doping on a V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst from periodic DFT calculations. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111(17): 6411–6417

[52] Peng Y, Li J H, Chen L, Chen J H, Han J, Zhang H, Han W. Alkali metal poisoning of a CeO₂-WO₃ catalyst used in the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃: an experimental and theoretical study. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(5): 2864–2869

[53] Lee S, Lee J, Keener T C. Mercury oxidation and adsorption characteristics of chemically promoted activated carbon sorbents. Fuel Processing Technology, 2009, 90(10): 1314–1318

[54] Lu D Y, Granatstein D L, Rose D J. Study of mercury speciation from simulated coal gasification. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2004, 43(17): 5400–5404

[55] Presto A A, Granite E J, Karash A, Hargis R A, O'Dowd W J, Pennline H W. A kinetic approach to the catalytic oxidation of mercury in flue gas. Energy & Fuels, 2006, 20(5): 1941–1945

[56] Eswaran S, Stenger H G. Understanding mercury conversion in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts. Energy & Fuels, 2005, 19(6): 2328–2334

[57] Lee W, Bae G N. Removal of elemental mercury (Hg⁰) by nanosized V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysts. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43(5): 1522–1527

[58] Li Y, Murphy P D, Wu C Y, Powers K W, Bonzongo J C. Development of silica/vanadia/titania catalysts for removal of elemental mercury from coal-combustion flue gas. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(14): 5304–5309

[59] Strege J R, Zygarlicke C J, Folkedahl B C, McCollor D P. SCR deactivation in a full-scale cofired utility boiler. Fuel, 2008, 87(7): 1341–1347

[60] Wan Q, Duan L, Li J H, Chen L, He K B, Hao J M. Deactivation performance and mechanism of alkali (earth) metals on V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst for oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury in simulated coal-fired flue gas. Catalysis Today, 2011, 175(1): 189–195

[61] Li H, Wu C Y, Li Y, Zhang J. CeO₂-TiO₂ catalysts for catalytic oxidation of elemental mercury in low-rank coal combustion flue gas. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(17): 7394–7400

[62] Yang S, Guo Y, Yan N, Wu D, He H, Xie J, Qu Z, Jia J. Remarkable effect of the incorporation of titanium on the catalytic activity and SO₂ poisoning resistance of magnetic Mn-Fe spinel for elemental mercury capture. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, 101(3-4): 698–708

[63] Yang S, Guo Y, Yan N, Wu D, He H, Xie J, Qu Z, Yang C, Jia J. A novel multi-functional magnetic Fe-Ti-V spinel catalyst for elemental mercury capture and callback from flue gas. Chemical Communications, 2010, 46(44): 8377–8379

[64] Chen L, Li J, Ge M, Ma L, Chang H. Mechanism of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x with NH₃ over CeO₂-WO₃ Catalysts. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2011, 32(5): 836–841

[65] Wan Q, Duan L, He K, Li J. Removal of gaseous elemental mercury over a CeO₂-WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposite in simulated coal-fired flue gas. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 170(2-3): 512–517

[66] Qi G S, Yang R T. Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ over iron and manganese oxides supported on titania. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 44(3): 217–225

[67] Ji L, Sreekanth P M, Smirniotis P G, Thiel S W, Pinto N G. Manganese oxide/titania materials for removal of NO_x and elemental mercury from flue gas. Energy & Fuels, 2008, 22(4): 2299–2306

[68] Li J, Yan N, Qu Z, Qiao S, Yang S, Guo Y, Liu P, Jia J. Catalytic oxidation of elemental mercury over the modified catalyst Mn/alpha-Al₂O₃ at lower temperatures. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(1): 426–431

[69] Niksa S, Fujiwara N. Estimating Hg emissions from coal-fired power stations in China. Fuel, 2009, 88(1): 214–217

[70] Presto A A, Granite E J. Survey of catalysts for oxidation of mercury in flue gas. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(18): 5601–5609

[71] Granite E J, Pennline H W, Hargis R A. Novel sorbents for mercury removal from flue gas. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2000, 39(4): 1020–1029

[72] Laudal D L, Brown T D, Nott B R. Effects of flue gas constituents on mercury speciation. Fuel Processing Technology, 2000, 65-66: 157–165

[73] Brandenberger S, Kroecher O, Tissler A, Althoff R. The State of the Art in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x by Ammonia Using Metal-Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts. Catalysis Reviews. Science and Engineering, 2008, 50(4): 492–531

[74] Ma L, Li J H, Cheng Y S, Lambert C K, Fu L X. Propene poisoning on three typical Fe-zeolites for SCR of NO_x with NH₃: from mechanism study to coating modified architecture. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(3): 1747–1754

[75] Wilken N, Wijayanti K, Kamasamudram K, Currier N W, Vedaiyan R, Yezerets A, Olsson L. Mechanistic investigation of hydrothermal aging of Cu-Beta for ammonia SCR. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012, 111: 58–66

[76] Peden C H F, Kwak J H, Burton S D, Tonkyn R G, Kim D H, Lee J H, Jen H W, Cavataio G, Cheng Y, Lambert C K. Possible origin of improved high temperature performance of hydrothermally aged Cu/beta zeolite catalysts. Catalysis Today, 2012, 184(1): 245–251

[77] Li J H, Zhu R H, Cheng Y S, Lambert C K, Yang R T. Mechanism of propene poisoning on Fe-ZSM-5 for selective catalytic reduction of NO(_x) with ammonia. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(5): 1799–1805

[78] Schwidder M, Heikens S, De Toni A, Geisler S, Berndt M, Brueckner A, Gruenert W. The role of NO₂ in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides over Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts: active sites for the conversion of NO and of NO/NO₂ mixtures. Journal of Catalysis, 2008, 259(1): 96–103

[79] Iwasaki M, Yamazaki K, Banno K, Shinjoh H. Characterization of Fe/ZSM-5 DeNO_x catalysts prepared by different methods: Relationships between active Fe sites and NH₃-SCR performance. Journal of Catalysis, 2008, 260(2): 205–216

[80] Ma L, Chang H Z, Yang S J, Chen L, Fu L X, Li J H. Relations between iron sites and performance of Fe/HBEA catalysts prepared by two different methods for NH₃-SCR. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012, 209(15): 652–660

[81] Iwasaki M, Yamazaki K, Shinjoh H. NO_x reduction performance of fresh and aged Fe-zeolites prepared by CVD: effects of zeolite structure and Si/Al₂ ratio. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, 102(1-2): 302–309

[82] Brandenberger S, Kroecher O, Casapu M, Tissler A, Althoff R. Hydrothermal deactivation of Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, 101(3-4): 649–659

[83] Kwak J H, Tran D, Burton S D, Szanyi J, Lee J H, Peden C H F. Effects of hydrothermal aging on NH₃-SCR reaction over Cu/zeolites. Journal of Catalysis, 2012, 287: 203–209

[84] Ye Q, Wang L, Yang R T. Activity, propene poisoning resistance and hydrothermal stability of copper exchanged chabazite-like zeolite catalysts for SCR of NO with ammonia in comparison to Cu/ZSM-5. Applied Catalysis A, General, 2012, 427: 24–34

[85] Schmieg S J, Oh S H, Kim C H, Brown D B, Lee J H, Peden C H F, Kim D H. Thermal durability of Cu-CHA NH₃-SCR catalysts for diesel NO_x reduction. Catalysis Today, 2012, 184(1): 252–261

[86] Kwak J H, Tran D, Szanyi J, Peden C H F, Lee J H. The effect of copper loading on the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia over Cu-SSZ-13. Catalysis Letters, 2012, 142(3): 295–301

[87] Ren L, Zhu L, Yang C, Chen Y, Sun Q, Zhang H, Li C, Nawaz F, Meng X, Xiao F S. Designed copper-amine complex as an efficient template for one-pot synthesis of Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite with excellent activity for selective catalytic reduction of NO_x by NH₃. Chemical Communications, 2011, 47(35): 9789–9791

[88] Rahkamaa-Tolonen K, Maunula T, Lomma M, Huuhtanen M, Keiski R L. The effect of NO₂ on the activity of fresh and aged zeolite catalysts in the NH₃-SCR reaction. Catalysis Today, 2005, 100(3-4): 217–222

[89] Ma L, Li J H, Arandiyan H, Shi W B, Liu C X, Fu L X. Influence of calcination temperature on Fe/HBEA catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃. Catalysis Today, 2012, 184(1): 145–152

[90] Klukowski D, Balle P, Geiger B, Wagloehner S, Kureti S, Kimmerle B, Baiker A, Grunwaldt J D. On the mechanism of the SCR reaction on Fe/HBEA zeolite. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 93(1-2): 185–193

[91] Burch R, Breen J P, Meunier F C. A review of the selective reduction of NO_x, with hydrocarbons under lean-burn conditions with non-zeolitic oxide and platinum group metal catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 39(4): 283–303

[92] He H, Yu Y B. Selective catalytic reduction of NO_x over Ag/Al₂O₃ catalyst: from reaction mechanism to diesel engine test. Catalysis Today, 2005, 100(1-2): 37–47

[93] Wang X, Xu Y, Yu S, Wang C. The first study of SCR of NO_x by acetylene in excess oxygen. Catalysis Letters, 2005, 103(1-2): 101–108

[94] Wang X, Yu Q, Li G, Liu Z. Rate-determining step of selective catalystic reduction of NO by acetylene over HZSM-5. Catalysis Letters, 2008, 123(3-4): 289–293

[95] Hu Y, Griffiths K, Norton P R. Surface science studies of selective catalytic reduction of NO: progress in the last ten years. Surface Science, 2009, 603(10-12): 1740–1750

[96] Jing G H, Li J H, Yang D, Hao J M. Promotional mechanism of Tungstation on selective catalytic reduction of NO_x by Methane over In/WO₃/ZrO₂. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 91(1-2): 123–134

[97] Li J H, Hao J M, Cui X Y, Fu L X. Influence of preparation methods of In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst on selective catalytic reduction of NO by propene in the presence of oxygen. Catalysis Letters, 2005, 103(1-2): 75–82

[98] Shimizu K, Satsuma A, Hattori T. Catalytic performance of Ag-Al₂O₃ catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by higher hydrocarbons. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 25(4): 239–247

[99] Li J H, Zhu Y Q, Ke R, Hao J M. Improvement of catalytic activity and sulfur-resistance of Ag/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ for NO reduction with propene under lean burn conditions. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 80(3-4): 202–213

[100] Pârvulescu V I, Cojocaru B, Pârvulescu V, Richards R, Li Z, Cadigan C, Granger P, Miquel P, Hardacre C. Sol-gel-entrapped nano silver catalysts-correlation between active silver species and catalytic behavior. Journal of Catalysis, 2010, 272(1): 92–100

[101] Miyadera T. Alumina-supported silver catalysts for the selective reduction of nitric-oxide with propene and oxygen-containing organic-compounds. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1993, 2(2-3): 199–205

[102] Kim M K, Kim P S, Baik J H, Nam I S, Cho B K, Oh S H. DeNO_x performance of Ag/Al₂O₃ catalyst using simulated diesel fuel-ethanol mixture as reductant. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, 105(1-2): 1–14

[103] Sultana A, Haneda M, Fujitani T, Hamada H. Influence of Al₂O₃ support on the activity of Ag/Al₂O₃ catalysts for SCR of NO with decane. Catalysis Letters, 2007, 114(1): 96–102

[104] Shimizu K, Tsuzuki M, Kato K, Yokota S, Okumura K, Satsuma A. Reductive activation of O₂ with H₂-reduced silver clusters as a key step in the H₂-promoted selective catalytic reduction of NO with C₃H₈ over Ag/Al₂O₃. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111(2): 950–959

[105] Korhonen S T, Beale A M, Newton M A, Weckhuysen B M. New insights into the active surface species of silver alumina catalysts in the selective catalytic reduction of NO. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(4): 885–896

[106] She X, Flytzani-Stephanopoulos M. The role of Ag-O-Al species in silver-alumina catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with methane. Journal of Catalysis, 2006, 237(1): 79–93

[107] Sazama P, Capek L, Drobna H, Sobalik Z, Dedecek J, Arve K, Wichterlova B. Enhancement of decane-SCR-NO_x over Ag/alumina by hydrogen. Reaction kinetics and in situ FTIR and UV-vis study. Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 232(2): 302–317

[108] Yu Y B, He H, Feng Q C. Novel enolic surface species formed during partial oxidation of CH₃CHO, C₂H₅OH, and C₃H₆ on Ag/Al₂O₃: an in situ DRIFTS study. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107(47): 13090–13092

[109] Yu Y B, Gao H W, He H. FTIR, TPD and DFT studies of intermediates on Ag/Al₂O₃ during the selective catalytic reduction of NO by C₂H₅OH. Catalysis Today, 2004, 93-95: 805–809

[110] He H, Zhang X L, Wu Q, Zhang C B, Yu Y B. Review of Ag/Al₂O₃-Reductant system in the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x. Catalysis Surveys from Asia, 2008, 12(1): 38–55

[111] Wu Q, He H, Yu Y B. In situ DRIFTS study of the selective reduction of NO_x with alcohols over Ag/Al₂O₃ catalyst: Role of surface enolic species. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 61(1-2): 107–113

[112] Wu Q, Gao H, He H. Study on Effect of SO₂ on the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x with Propene over Ag/Al₂O₃ by in Situ DRIFTS. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2006, 27(5): 403–407

[113] Yu Y B, Song X P, He H. Remarkable influence of reductant structure on the activity of alumina-supported silver catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x. Journal of Catalysis, 2010, 271(2): 343–350

[114] Takahashi A, Haneda M, Fujitani T, Hamada H. Selective reduction of NO₂ with acetaldehyde over Co/Al₂O₃ in lean conditions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2007, 261(1): 6–11

[115] Yu Q, Wang X, Xing N, Yang H, Zhang S. The role of protons in the NO reduction by acetylene over ZSM-5. Journal of Catalysis, 2007, 245(1): 124–132

[116] Taatjes C A, Hansen N, McIlroy A, Miller J A, Senosiain J P, Klippenstein S J, Qi F, Sheng L S, Zhang Y W, Cool T A, Wang J, Westmoreland P R, Law M E, Kasper T, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Enols are common intermediates in hydrocarbon oxidation. Science, 2005, 308(5730): 1887–1889

[117] Yan Y, Yu Y, He H, Zhao J. Intimate contact of enolic species with silver sites benefits the SCR of NO_x by ethanol over Ag/Al₂O₃. Journal of Catalysis, 2012, 293: 13–26

[118] Epling W S, Campbell L E, Yezerets A, Currier N W, Parks J E II. Overview of the fundamental reactions and degradation mechanisms of NO_x storage/reduction catalysts. Catalysis Reviews. Science and Engineering, 2004, 46(2): 163–245

[119] Fridell E, Skoglundh M, Westerberg B, Johansson S, Smedler G. NO_x storage in barium-containing catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 183(2): 196–209

[120] Li J H, Goh G H, Yang X C, Yang R T. Non-thermal plasma-assisted catalytic NO_x storage over Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃ at low temperatures. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 90(3-4): 360–367

[121] Nova I, Castoldi L, Lietti L, Tronconi E, Forzatti P, Prinetto F, Ghiotti G. NO_x adsorption study over Pt-Ba/alumina catalysts: FT-IR and pulse experiments. Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 222(2): 377–388

[122] Wang X, Yu Y, He H. Effects of temperature and reductant type on the process of NO_x storage reduction over Pt/Ba/CeO₂ catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, 104(1-2): 151–160

[123] Elizundia U, Lopez-Fonseca R, Landa I, Gutierrez-Ortiz M A, Gonzalez-Velasco J R. FT-IR study of NO_x storage mechanism over Pt/BaO/Al₂O₃ catalysts. Effect of the Pt-BaO interaction. Topics in Catalysis, 2007, 42-43(1-4): 37–41

[124] Wang X, Yu Y, He H. Effect of Co addition to Pt/Ba/Al₂O₃ system for NO_x storage and reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 100(1-2): 19–30

[125] Jones A P. Indoor air quality and health. Atmospheric Environment, 1999, 33(28): 4535–4564

[126] Khan F I, Ghoshal A K. Removal of volatile organic compounds from polluted air. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2000, 13(6): 527–545

[127] Armor J N. Environmental catalysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1992, 1(4): 221–256

[128] Liotta L F, Ousmane M, Di Carlo G, Pantaleo G, Deganello G, Marci G, Retailleau L, Giroir-Fendler A. Total oxidation of propene at low temperature over Co₃O₄-CeO₂ mixed oxides: role of surface oxygen vacancies and bulk oxygen mobility in the catalytic activity. Applied Catalysis A, General, 2008, 347(1): 81–88

[129] Spivey J J. Complete catalytic-oxidation of volatile organics. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1987, 26(11): 2165–2180

[130] Liotta L F. Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds on supported noble metals. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 100(3-4): 403–412

[131] Delimaris D, Ioannides T. VOC oxidation over MnO_x-CeO₂ catalysts prepared by a combustion method. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 84(1-2): 303–312

[132] Garcia T, Solsona B, Cazorla-Amoros D, Linares-Solano A, Taylor S H. Total oxidation of volatile organic compounds by vanadium promoted palladium-titania catalysts: Comparison of aromatic and polyaromatic compounds. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 62(1-2): 66–76

[133] Benard S, Giroir-Fendler A, Vernoux P, Guilhaume N, Fiaty K. Comparing monolithic and membrane reactors in catalytic oxidation of propene and toluene in excess of oxygen. Catalysis Today, 2010, 156(3-4): 301–305

[134] Uzio D, Peureux J, Giroirfendler A, Torres M, Ramsay J, Dalmon J A. Platinum/gamma-Al₂O₃ catalytic membrane-preparation, morphological and catalytic characterizations. Applied Catalysis A, General, 1993, 96(1): 83–97

[135] Huang S, Zhang C, He H. Complete oxidation of o-xylene over Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst at low temperature. Catalysis Today, 2008, 139(1-2): 15–23

[136] Centi G. Supported palladium catalysts in environmental catalytic technologies for gaseous emissions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2001, 173(1-2): 287–312

[137] Tidahy H L, Siffert S, Lamonier J F, Zhilinskaya E A, Aboukais A, Yuan Z Y, Vantomme A, Su B L, Canet X, De Weireld G, Frere M, N'Guyen T B, Giraudon J M, Leclercq G. New Pd/hierarchical macro-mesoporous ZrO₂, TiO₂ and ZrO₂-TiO₂ catalysts for VOCs total oxidation. Applied Catalysis A, General, 2006, 310: 61–69

[138] Gelin P, Primet M. Complete oxidation of methane at low temperature over noble metal based catalysts: a review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 39(1): 1–37

[139] Lyubovsky M, Pfefferle L, Datye A, Bravo J, Nelson T. TEM study of the microstructural modifications of an alumina-supported palladium combustion catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 187(2): 275–284

[140] Zhu H Q, Qin Z F, Shan W J, Shen W J, Wang J G. Low-temperature oxidation of CO over Pd/CeO₂-TiO₂ catalysts with different pretreatments. Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 233(1): 41–50

[141] Burch R, Urbano F J. Investigation of the active state of supported palladium catalysts in the combustion of methane. Applied Catalysis A, General, 1995, 124(1): 121–138

[142] Yang S W, Maroto-Valiente A, Benito-Gonzalez M, Rodriguez-Ramos I, Guerrero-Ruiz A. Methane combustion over supported palladium catalysts I. Reactivity and active phase. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 28(3-4): 223–233

[143] Li W B, Wang J X, Gong H. Catalytic combustion of VOCs on non-noble metal catalysts. Catalysis Today, 2009, 148(1-2): 81–87

[144] Chen J H, Shi W B, Zhang X Y, Arandiyan H, Li D F, Li J H. Roles of Li⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ cations in the catalytic performances of Co₍₁-_x)M_xCr₂O₄ (M= Li, Zr; x = 0-0.2) for methane combustion. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(19): 8491–8497

[145] Chen J H, Shi W B, Yang S J, Arandiyan H, Li J H. Distinguished roles with various vanadium loadings of CoCr_2-xV_xO₄ (x = 0-0.20) for methane combustion. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(35): 17400–17408

[146] Li J H, Liang X, Xu S C, Hao J M. Manganese-doped cobalt oxides on methane combustion at low temperature. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 90(1-2): 307–312

[147] Li J H, Fu H J, Fu L X, Hao J M. Complete combustion of methane over indium tin oxides catalysts. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(20): 6455–6459

[148] Wang X, Kang Q, Li D. Low-temperature catalytic combustion of chlorobenzene over MnO_x-CeO₂ mixed oxide catalysts. Catalysis Communications, 2008, 9(13): 2158–2162

[149] Wang X, Kang Q, Li D. Catalytic combustion of chlorobenzene over MnO_x-CeO₂ mixed oxide catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 86(3-4): 166–175

[150] Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu M, Ma Z. Complete catalytic oxidation of o-xylene over Mn-Ce oxides prepared using a redox-precipitation method. Catalysis Today, 2010, 153(3-4): 170–175

[151] Morales M R, Barbero B P, Cadus L E. MnCu catalyst deposited on metallic monoliths for total oxidation of volatile organic compounds. Catalysis Letters, 2011, 141(11): 1598–1607

[152] Chen M, Zheng X M. The effect of K and Al over NiCo₂O₄ catalyst on its character and catalytic oxidation of VOCs. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2004, 221(1-2): 77–80

[153] Chen M, Fan L, Qi L, Luo X, Zhou R, Zheng X. The catalytic combustion of VOCs over copper catalysts supported on cerium-modified and zirconium-pillared montmorillonite. Catalysis Communications, 2009, 10(6): 838–841

[154] Cuervo M R, Díaz E, de Rivas B, López-Fonseca R, Ordóñez S, Gutiérrez-Ortiz J I. Inverse gas chromatography as a technique for the characterization of the performance of Mn/Zr mixed oxides as combustion catalysts. Journal of Chromatography. A, 2009, 1216(45): 7873–7881

[155] Tian W, Yang H, Fan X, Zhang X. Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene over MnO_x/TiO₂-CNTs nano-composites prepared by wet synthesis methods. Catalysis Communications, 2010, 11(15): 1185–1188

[156] Deng J, Zhang L, Dai H, Xia Y, Jiang H, Zhang H, He H. Ultrasound-Assisted Nanocasting Fabrication of Ordered Mesoporous MnO₂ and Co₃O₄ with High Surface Areas and Polycrystalline Walls. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010, 114(6): 2694–2700

[157] Xia Y, Dai H, Zhang L, Deng J, He H, Au C T. Ultrasound-assisted nanocasting fabrication and excellent catalytic performance of three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous chromia for the combustion of formaldehyde, acetone, and methanol. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 100(1-2): 229–237

[158] Zimowska M, Michalik-Zym A, Janik R, Machej T, Gurgul J, Socha R P, Podobinski J, Serwicka E M. Catalytic combustion of toluene over mixed Cu-Mn oxides. Catalysis Today, 2007, 119(1-4): 321–326

[159] Sinha A K, Suzuki K. Three-dimensional mesoporous chromium oxide: a highly efficient material for the elimination of volatile organic compounds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2004, 44(2): 271–273

[160] Jones J, Ross J R H. The development of supported vanadia catalysts for the combined catalytic removal of the oxides of nitrogen and of chlorinated hydrocarbons from flue gases. Catalysis Today, 1997, 35(1-2): 97–105

[161] Collins J J, Ness R, Tyl R W, Krivanek N, Esmen N A, Hall T A. A review of adverse pregnancy outcomes and formaldehyde exposure in human and animal studies. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2001, 34(1): 17–34

[162] Lim M, Zhou Y, Wang L, Rudolph V, Lu G Q. Development and potential of new generation photocatalytic systems for air pollution abatement: an overview. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2009, 4(4): 387–402

[163] Hoffmann M R, Martin S T, Choi W Y, Bahnemann D W. Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis. Chemical Reviews, 1995, 95(1): 69–96

[164] Yang D, Liu H, Zheng Z, Yuan Y, Zhao J C, Waclawik E R, Ke X, Zhu H. An efficient photocatalyst structure: TiO₂(B) nanofibers with a shell of anatase nanocrystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009, 131(49): 17885–17893

[165] Yu Y, Yu J C, Yu J G, Kwok Y C, Che Y K, Zhao J C, Ding L, Ge W K, Wong P K. Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO₂ by using carbon nanotubes. Applied Catalysis A, General, 2005, 289(2): 186–196

[166] Zhang J, Xu Q, Feng Z, Li M, Li C. Importance of the relationship between surface phases and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2008, 47(9): 1766–1769

[167] Hu Y, Li D, Zheng Y, Chen W, He Y, Shao Y, Fu X, Xiao G. BiVO₄/TiO₂ nanocrystalline heterostructure: a wide spectrum responsive photocatalyst towards the highly efficient decomposition of gaseous benzene. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2011, 104(1-2): 30–36

[168] Zhang Y, Tang Z R, Fu X, Xu Y J. TiO₂-graphene nanocomposites for gas-phase photocatalytic degradation of volatile aromatic pollutant: is TiO₂-graphene truly different from other TiO₂-carbon composite materials? ACS Nano, 2010, 4(12): 7303–7314

[169] Xu Y, Zhuang Y, Fu X. New insight for enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ by doping carbon nanotubes: a case study on degradation of benzene and methyl orange. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010, 114(6): 2669–2676

[170] Wang W, Yu J, Xiang Q, Cheng B. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of hierarchical macro/mesoporous TiO₂-graphene composites for photodegradation of acetone in air. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012, 119: 109–116

[171] Hu X, Hu C, Qu J. Photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde and Escherichia coli using NiO/SrBi₂O₄ under visible light irradiation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 69(1-2): 17–23

[172] Kim J H, Seo G, Cho D L, Choi B C, Kim J B, Park H J, Kim M W, Song S J, Kim G J, Kato S. Development of air purification device through application of thin-film photocatalyst. Catalysis Today, 2006, 111(3-4): 271–274

[173] Ji P, Takeuchi M, Cuong T, Zhang J, Matsuoka M, Anpo M. Recent advances in visible light-responsive titanium oxide-based photocatalysts. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2010, 36(4): 327–347

[174] Zhang J, Wu Y, Xing M, Leghari S A K, Sajjad S. Development of modified N doped TiO₂ photocatalyst with metals, nonmetals and metal oxides. Energy & Environmental Science, 2010, 3(6): 715–726

[175] Rehman S, Ullah R, Butt A M, Gohar N D. Strategies of making TiO₂ and ZnO visible light active. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 170(2-3): 560–569

[176] Yu J, Xiang Q, Zhou M. Preparation, characterization and visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped titania nanorods and first-principles study for electronic structures. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 90(3-4): 595–602

[177] Dong F, Wang H, Wu Z, Qiu J. Marked enhancement of photocatalytic activity and photochemical stability of N-doped TiO₂ nanocrystals by Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ surface modification. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2010, 343(1): 200–208

[178] Dong F, Wang H, Wu Z. One-step “Green” Synthetic approach for mesoporous C-doped titanium dioxide with efficient visible light photocatalytic activity. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(38): 16717–16723

[179] Dong F, Guo S, Wang H, Li X, Wu Z. Enhancement of the visible light photocatalytic activity of C-doped TiO₂ nanomaterials prepared by a green synthetic approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(27): 13285–13292

[180] Qiu X, Miyauchi M, Sunada K, Minoshima M, Liu M, Lu Y, Li D, Shimodaira Y, Hosogi Y, Kuroda Y, Hashimoto K. Hybrid Cu_xO/TiO₂ nanocomposites as risk-reduction materials in indoor environments. ACS Nano, 2012, 6(2): 1609–1618

[181] Zhang L, Fu H, Zhu Y. Efficient TiO₂ photocatalysts from surface hybridization of TiO₂ particles with graphite-like carbon. Advanced Functional Materials, 2008, 18(15): 2180–2189

[182] Guo S, Wu Z, Zhao W. TiO₂-based building materials: above and beyond traditional applications. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(7): 1137–1142

[183] Mendez-Roman R, Cardona-Martinez N. Relationship between the formation of surface species and catalyst deactivation during the gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of toluene. Catalysis Today, 1998, 40(4): 353–365

[184] Lei H, Li D Q, Lin Y J, Evans D G, Xue D. Influence of nano-MgO particle size on bactericidal action against Bacillus subtilis var. niger. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005, 50(6): 514–519

[185] Neal A L. What can be inferred from bacterium-nanoparticle interactions about the potential consequences of environmental exposure to nanoparticles? Ecotoxicology (London, England), 2008, 17(5): 362–371

[186] He H, Dong X P, Yang M, Yang Q X, Duan S M, Yu Y B, Han J, Zhang C B, Chen L, Yang X. Catalytic inactivation of SARS coronavirus, Escherichia coli and yeast on solid surface. Catalysis Communications, 2004, 5(3): 170–172

[187] Chang Q, He H, Zhao J, Yang M, Qut J. Bactericidal activity of a Ce-promoted Ag/AlPO4 catalyst using molecular oxygen in water. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(5): 1699–1704

[188] Chen M, Yan L, He H, Chang Q, Yu Y, Qu J. Catalytic sterilization of Escherichia coli K 12 on Ag/Al₂O₃ surface. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2007, 101(5): 817–823

[189] Yan L Z, Chen M X, He H, Qu J H. Bactericidal effect of Al₂O₃-supported Ag catalyst. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 26(12): 1122–1126

[190] Zhang C B, He H, Tanaka K. Perfect catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde over a Pt/TiO₂ catalyst at room temperature. Catalysis Communications, 2005, 6(3): 211–214

[191] Wang R H, Li J H. OMS-2 Catalysts for Formaldehyde Oxidation: Effects of Ce and Pt on Structure and Performance of the Catalysts. Catalysis Letters, 2009, 131(3-4): 500–505

[192] Zhang C, Liu F, Zhai Y, Ariga H, Yi N, Liu Y, Asakura K, Flytzani-Stephanopoulos M, He H. Alkali-metal-promoted Pt/TiO₂ opens a more efficient pathway to formaldehyde oxidation at ambient temperatures. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2012, 51(38): 9628–9632

[193] Li J H, Wang R H, Hao J M. Role of lattice oxygen and lewis acid on ethanol oxidation over OMS-2 catalyst. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010, 144(23): 10544–10550

[194] Wang R H, Li J H. Effects of precursor and sulfation on OMS-2 catalyst for oxidation of ethanol and acetaldehyde at low temperatures. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(11): 4282–4287

[195] Chen T, Dou H Y, Li X L, Tang X F, Li J H, Hao J M. Tunnel structure effect of manganese oxides in complete oxidation of formaldehyde. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2009, 122(1-3): 170–174

[196] Zhang C, He H. A comparative study of TiO₂ supported noble metal catalysts for the oxidation of formaldehyde at room temperature. Catalysis Today, 2007, 126(3-4): 345–350

[197] An N, Yu Q, Liu G, Li S, Jia M, Zhang W. Complete oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature over supported Pt/Fe₂O₃ catalysts prepared by colloid-deposition method. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 186(2-3): 1392–1397

[198] Huang H, Leung D Y C. Complete elimination of indoor formaldehyde over supported Pt catalysts with extremely low Pt content at ambient temperature. Journal of Catalysis, 2011, 280(1): 60–67

[199] Zhang C B, He H, Tanaka K. Catalytic performance and mechanism of a Pt/TiO₂ catalyst for the oxidation of formaldehyde at room temperature. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 65(1-2): 37–43

[200] He Y, Ji H. In-Situ DRIFTS Study on Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde over Pt/TiO₂ under Mild Conditions. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2010, 31(2): 171–175

[201] Beltrán F J, Rivas F J, Montero-de-Espinosa R. Catalytic ozonation of oxalic acid in an aqueous TiO₂ slurry reactor. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 39(3): 221–231

[202] Martins R C, Amaral-Silva N, Quinta-Ferreira R M. Ceria based solid catalysts for Fenton's depuration of phenolic wastewaters, biodegradability enhancement and toxicity removal. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 99(1-2): 135–144

[203] Lee B D, Hosomi M. Fenton oxidation of ethanol-washed distillation-concentrated benzo(a)pyrene: reaction product identification and biodegradability. Water Research, 2001, 35(9): 2314–2319

[204] Cheng M, Ma W, Li J, Huang Y, Zhao J, Wen Y, Xu Y. Visible-light-assisted degradation of dye pollutants over Fe(III)-loaded resin in the presence of H₂O₂ at neutral pH values. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004, 38(5): 1569–1575

[205] Pignatello J J, Oliveros E, Mackay A. Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaiminant destruction based on the Fenton reaction and related chemistry. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 36(1): 1–84

[206] Luo M, Bowden D, Brimblecombe P. Catalytic property of Fe-Al pillared clay for Fenton oxidation of phenol by H₂O₂. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 85(3-4): 201–206

[207] Menini L, Silva M J, Lelis M F F, Fabris J D, Lago R M, Gusevskaya E V. Novel solvent free liquid-phase oxidation of β-pinene over heterogeneous catalysts based on Fe_3-xM_xO₄ (M=Co and Mn). Applied Catalysis A, General, 2001, 269(1-2): 117–121

[208] Kwan W P, Voelker B M. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and organic compounds in the presence of dissolved iron and ferrihydrite. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, 36(7): 1467–1476

[209] He J, Ma W, He J, Zhao J, Yu J C. Photooxidation of azo dye in aqueous dispersions of H₂O₂/α-FeOOH. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 39(3): 211–220

[210] Costa R C C, Lelis M F F, Oliveria L C A, Fabris J D, Ardisson J D, Rios R R V A, Silva C N, Lago R M. Remarkable effect of Co and Mn on the activity of Fe_3-xM_xO₄ promoted oxidation of organic contaminants in aqueous medium with H₂O₂. Catalysis Communications, 2003, 4(10): 525–529

[211] Costa R C C, Lelis M F F, Oliveira L C, Fabris J D, Ardisson J D, Rios R R V A, Silva C N, Lago R M. Novel active heterogeneous Fenton system based on Fe_3-xM_xO₄ (Fe, Co, Mn, Ni): the role of M²⁺ species on the reactivity towards H₂O₂ reactions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006, 129(1-3): 171–178

[212] Guimaraes I R, Giroto A, Oliveira L C A, Guerreiro M C, Lima D Q, Fabris J D. Synthesis and thermal treatment of cu-doped goethite: oxidation of quinoline through heterogeneous fenton process. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 91(3-4): 591–586

[213] Baldrian P, Merhautová V, Gabriel J, Nerud F, Stopka P, Hruby M, Benes M J. Decolorization of synthetic dyes by hydrogen peroxide with heterogeneous catalysis by mixed iron oxides. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 66(3-4): 258–264

[214] Yang L, Hu C, Nie Y, Qu J. Catalytic ozonation of selected pharmaceuticals over mesoporous alumina-supported manganese oxide. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43(7): 2525–2529

[215] Zhang L, Nie Y, Hu C, Qu J. Enhanced Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B over nanoscaled Cu-doped LaTiO₃ perovskite. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012, 125: 418–424

[216] Feng J, Hu X, Yue P L. Degradation of salicylic acid by photo-assisted Fenton reaction using Fe ions on strongly acidic ion exchange resin as catalyst. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2004, 100(1-3): 159–165

[217] Noorjahan M, Durga Kumari V, Subrahmanyam M, Panda L. Immobilized Fe(III)-HY: an efficient and stable photo-Fenton catalyst. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005, 57(4): 291–298

[218] Fernandez J, Bandara J, Lopez A, Buffat P, Kiwi J. Photoassisted Fenton degradation of nonbiodegradable azo dye (Orange II) in Fe-free solutions mediated by cation transfer membranes. Langmuir, 1999, 15(1): 185–192

[219] Sorokin A, Séris J L, Meunier B. Efficient oxidative dechlorination and aromatic ring cleavage of chlorinated phenols catalyzed by iron sulfophalocyanine. Science, 1995, 28(26): 1163–1166

[220] Huang Y, Li J, Ma W, Cheng M, Zhao J, Yu J C. Efficient H₂O₂ oxidation of organic pollutants catalyzed by supported iron sulfophenylporphyrin under visible light irradiation. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108(22): 7263–7270

[221] Nie Y, Hu C, Qu J, Hu X. Efficient photodegradation of Acid Red B by immobilized ferrocene in the presence of UVA and H₂O₂. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 154(1-3): 146–152

[222] Huang Y, Ma W, Li J, Cheng M, Zhao J, Wan L, Yu J C. A novel β-CD-Hemin complex photocatalyst for efficient degradation of organic pollutants at neutral pHs under visible irradiation. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107(35): 9409–9414

[223] Lunar L, Sicilia D, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D, Nickel U. Degradation of photographic developers by Fenton’s reagent: condition optimization and kinetics for metol oxidation. Water Research, 2000, 34(6): 1791–1802

[224] Park J W, Lee S E, Rhee I K, Kim J E. Transformation of the fungicide chlorothalonil by Fenton reagent. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002, 50(26): 7570–7575

[225] Chen J, Zhu L. Catalytic degradation of Orange II by UV-Fenton with hydroxyl-Fe-pillared bentonite in water. Chemosphere, 2006, 65(7): 1249–1255

[226] Feng J, Hu X, Yue P L. Novel bentonite clay-based Fe-nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst for photo-Fenton discoloration and mineralization of Orange II. Environmental Science & Technology, 2004, 38(1): 269–275

[227] Feng J, Hu X, Yue P L, Zhu H Y, Lu G Q. Degradation of azo-dye Orange II by a photoassisted Fenton reaction using a novel composite of iron oxide and silicate nanoparticles as a catalyst. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2003, 42(10): 2058–2066

[228] Nawrocki J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. The efficiency and mechanisms of catalytic ozonation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 99(1-2): 27–42

[229] Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Ziółek M, Nawrocki J. Catalytic ozonation and methods of enhancing molecular ozone reactions in water treatment. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 46(4): 639–669

[230] Ernst M, Lurot F, Schrotter J C. Catalytic ozonation of refractory organic model compounds in aqueous solution by aluminum oxide. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 47(1): 15–25

[231] Yang Y, Ma J, Qin Q, Zhai X. Degradation of nitrobenzene by nano-TiO₂ catalyzed ozonation. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2007, 267(1-2): 41–48

[232] Zhang T, Li C, Ma J, Tian H, Qiang Z. Surface hydroxyl groups of synthetic α-FeOOH in promoting OH generation from aqueous ozone: property and activity relationship. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 82(1-2): 131–137

[233] Lv A, Hu C, Nie Y, Qu J. Catalytic ozonation of toxic pollutants over magnetic cobalt and manganese co-doped γ-Fe₂O₃. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 100(1-2): 62–67

[234] Lv A, Hu C, Nie Y, Qu J.Catalytic ozonation of toxic pollutants over magnetic cobalt-doped Fe₃O₄ suspensions. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012, 117-118: 246-252

[235] Lin J, Nakajima T, Jomoto T, Hiraiwa K. Effective catalysts for wet oxidation of formic acid by oxygen and ozone. Ozone Science and Engineering, 2000, 22(3): 241–247

[236] Xing S, Hu C, Qu J, He H, Yang M. Characterization and reactivity of MnO_x supported on mesoporous zirconia for herbicide 2,4-D mineralization with ozone. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(9): 3363–3368

[237] Hu C, Xing S, Qu J, He H. Catalytic ozonation of herbicide 2,4-D over cobalt oxide supported on mesoporous zirconia. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(15): 5978–5983

[238] Yang L, Hu C, Nie Y, Qu J. Surface acidity and reactivity of β-FeOOH/Al₂O₃ for pharmaceuticals degradation with ozone: in situ ATR-FTIR studies. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 97(3-4): 340–346

[239] Zhao L, Ma J, Sun Z, Zhai X. Mechanism of influence of initial pH on the degradation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by ceramic honeycomb catalytic ozonation. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(11): 4002–4007

[240] Zhao L, Sun Z, Ma J. Novel relationship between hydroxyl radical initiation and surface group of ceramic honeycomb supported metals for the catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43(11): 4157–4163

[241] Jans U, Hoigné J. Activated carbon and carbon black catalyzed transformation of aqueous ozone into OH-radicals. Ozone Science and Engineering, 1998, 20(1): 67–90

[242] Rivas F J, Carbajo M, Beltrán F J, Acedo B, Gimeno O. Perovskite catalytic ozonation of pyruvic acid in water: operating conditions influence and kinetics. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 62(1-2): 93–103

[243] Valdés H, Farfán V J, Manoli J A, Zaror C A. Catalytic ozone aqueous decomposition promoted by natural zeolite and volcanic sand. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 165(1-3): 915–922

[244] Hoffmann M R, Martin S T, Choi W, Bahnemann D W. Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis. Chemical Reviews, 1995, 95(1): 69–96

[245] Maldotti A, Molinari A, Amadelli R. Photocatalysis with organized systems for the oxofunctionalization of hydrocarbons by O₂. Chemical Reviews, 2002, 102(10): 3811–3836

[246] Linsebigler A L, Lu G, Yates J T. Photocatalysis on TiO₂ surfaces: principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chemical Reviews, 1995, 95(3): 735–758

[247] Fox M A, Dulay M T. Heterogeneous photocatalysis. Chemical Reviews, 1993, 93(1): 341–357

[248] Hincapie M, Maldonado M I, Oller I, Gernjak W, Sanchez-Perez J A, Ballesteros M M, Malato S. Solar photocatalytic degradation and detoxification of EU priority substances. Catalysis Today, 2005, 101(3-4): 203–210

[249] Kubacka A, Fernandez-García M, Colon G. Nanostructured Ti-M mixed-metal oxides: toward a visible light-driven photocatalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 2008, 254(2): 272–284

[250] Kamat P V. Quantum dot solar cells. Semiconductor nanocrystals as light harvesters. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(48): 18737–18753

[251] Maeda K, Domen K. New non-oxide photocatalysts designed for overall water splitting under visible light. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111(22): 7851–7861

[252] Hur S G, Kim T W, Hwang S J, Choy J H. Influences of A- and B-site cations on the physicochemical properties of perovskite-structured A(In_1/3Nb_1/3B_1/3)O₃ (A= Sr, Ba; B= Sn, Pb) photocatalysts. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry, 2006, 183(1-2): 176–181

[253] Yang Y, Sun Y, Jiang Y. Structure and photocatalytic property of perovskite and perovskite-related compounds. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2006, 96(2-3): 234–239

[254] Li S, Jing L, Fu W, Yang L, Xin B, Fu H. Photoinduced charge property of nanosized perovskite-type LaFeO₃ and its relationships with photocatalytic activity under visible irradiation. Materials Research Bulletin, 2007, 42(2): 203–212

[255] Joshi U A, Jang J S, Borse P H, Lee J S. Microwave synthesis of single-crystalline perovskite BiFeO₃ nanocubes for photoelectrode and photocatalytic applications. Applied Physics Letters, 2008, 92(24): 242106–242109

[256] Ruan Q J, Zhang W D. Tunable Morphology of Bi₂Fe₄O₉ Crystals for photocatalytic oxidation. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(10): 4168–4173

[257] Fu H, Zhang L, Yao W, Zhu Y. Photocatalytic properties of nanosized Bi₂WO₆ catalysts synthesized via a hydrothermal process. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 66(1-2): 100–110

[258] Martínez de la Cruz A, Obregon Alfaro S, Lopez Cuellar E, Ortiz Mendez U. Photocatalytic properties of Bi₂MoO₆ nanoparticles prepared by an amorphous complex precursor. Catalysis Today, 2010, 129(1-2): 194–199

[259] Lin X, Huang T, Huang F, Wang W, Shi J. Photocatalytic activity of a Bi-based oxychloride Bi₃O₄Cl. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006, 110(48): 24629–24634

[260] Lin X, Shan Z, Li K, Wang W, Yang J, Huang F. Photocatalytic activity of a novel Bi-based oxychloride catalyst Na₀.5Bi₁.5O₂Cl. Solid State Sciences, 2007, 9(10): 944–949

[261] Shan Z, Wang W, Lin X, Ding H, Huang F. Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes on visible-light responsive photocatalyst PbBiO₂Br. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2008, 181(6): 1361–1366

[262] Wang W D, Huang F Q, Lin X P, Yang J H. Visible-light-responsive photocatalysts xBiOBr-(1-x)BiOI. Catalysis Communications, 2008, 9(1): 8–12

[263] Mackenzie K, Frenzel H, Kopinke F D. Hydrodehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons in water with Pd catalysts: reaction rates and surface competition. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 63(3-4): 161–167

[264] Hurley K D, Shapley J R. Efficient heterogeneous catalytic reduction of perchlorate in water. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007, 41(6): 2044–2049

[265] Frierdich A J, Shapley J R, Strathmann T J. Rapid reduction of N-nitrosamine disinfection byproducts in water with hydrogen and porous nickel catalysts. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(1): 262–269

[266] Chaplin B P, Reinhard M, Schneider W F, Schüth C, Shapley J R, Strathmann T J, Werth C J. Critical review of Pd-based catalytic treatment of priority contaminants in water. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(7): 3655–3670

[267] Horold S, Vorlop K D, Tacke T, Sell M. Development of catalysts for a selective nitrate and nitrite removal from drinking water. Catalysis Today, 1993, 17(1-2): 21–30

[268] Hurley K D, Zhang Y X, Shapley J R. Ligand-enhanced reduction of perchlorate in water with heterogeneous Re-Pd/C catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009, 131(40): 14172–14173

[269] Davie M G, Shih K, Pacheco F A, Leckie J O, Reinhard M. Palladium-indium catalyzed reduction of N-nitrosodimethylamine: indium as a promoter metal. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(8): 3040–3046

[270] Schreier C G, Reinhard M. Catalytic hydrodehalogenation of chlorinated ethylenes using palladium and hydrogen for the treatment of contaminated water. Chemosphere, 1995, 31(6): 3475–3487

[271] Schuth C, Reinhard M. Hydrodechlorination and hydrogenation of aromatic compounds over palladium on alumina in hydrogen-saturated water. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 18(3-4): 215–221

[272] Vorlop K D, Prüsse U. Catalytical removing nitrate from water. Environmental catalysis, 1999, 369: 195-218

[273] Mikami I, Sakamoto Y, Yoshinaga Y, Okuhara T. Kinetic and adsorption studies on the hydrogenation of nitrate and nitrite in water using Pd-Cu on active carbon support. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 44(1): 79–86

[274] Mikami I, Yoshinaga Y, Okuhara T. Rapid removal of nitrate in water by hydrogenation to ammonia with Zr-modified porous Ni catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 49(3): 173–179

[275] Coq B, Figueras F. Bimetallic palladium catalysts: influence of the co-metal on the catalyst performance. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2001, 173(1-2): 117–134

[276] Venezia A M, Liotta L F, Pantaleo G, La Parola V, Deganello G, Beck A, Koppany Z, Frey K, Horvath D, Guczi L. Activity of SiO₂ supported gold-palladium catalysts in CO oxidation. Applied Catalysis A, General, 2003, 251(2): 359–368

[277] Nutt M O, Hughes J B, Michael S W. Designing Pd-on-Au bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts for trichloroethene hydrodechlorination. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(5): 1346–1353

[278] Nutt M O, Heck K N, Alvarez P, Wong M S. Improved Pdon-Au bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts for aqueous-phase trichloroethene hydrodechlorination. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2006, 69(1-2): 115–125

[279] Pintar A, Batista J, Levec J, Kajiuchi T. Kinetics of the catalytic liquid-phase hydrogenation of aqueous nitrate solutions. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1996, 11(1): 81–98

[280] Prusse U, Vorlop K D. Supported bimetallic palladium catalysts for water-phase nitrate reduction. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2001, 173(1-2): 313–328

[281] Hurley K D, Zhang Y X, Shapley J R. Ligand-enhanced reduction of perchlorate in water with heterogeneous Re-Pd/C catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009, 131(40): 14172–14173

[282] He F, Zhao D Y. Hydrodechlorination of trichloroethene using stabilized Fe-Pd nanoparticles: Reaction mechanism and effects of stabilizers, catalysts and reaction conditions. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 84(3-4): 533–540

[283] Yoshinaga Y, Akita T, Mikami I, Okuhara T. Hydrogenation of nitrate in water to nitrogen over Pd-Cu supported on active carbon. Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 207(1): 37–45

[284] Zhang F X, Miao S, Yang Y L, Zhang X, Chen J X, Guan N J. Size-dependent hydrogenation selectivity of nitrate on Pd-Cu/TiO₂ catalysts. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(20): 7665–7671

[285] Gavagnin R, Biasetto L, Pinna F, Strukul G. Nitrate removal in drinking waters: the effect of tin oxides in the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrate by Pd/SnO₂ catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 38(2): 91–99

[286] Neyertz C, Marchesini F A, Boix A, Miro E, Querini C A. Catalytic reduction of nitrate in water: promoted palladium catalysts supported in resin. Applied Catalysis A, General, 2010, 372(1): 40–47

[287] Dodouche I, Barbosa D P, Rangel M D, Epron F. Palladium-tin catalysts on conducting polymers for nitrate removal. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 93(1-2): 50–55

[288] Chinthaginjala J K, Bitter J H, Lefferts L. Thin layer of carbon-nano-fibers (CNFS) as catalyst support for fast mass transfer in hydrogenation of nitrite. Applied Catalysis A, General, 2010, 383(1-2): 24–32

[289] Nutt M O, Hughes J B, Michael S W. Designing Pd-on-Au bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts for trichloroethene hydrodechlorination. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(5): 1346–1353

[290] Schuth C, Disser S, Schuth F, Reinhard M. Tailoring catalysts for hydrodechlorinating chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in groundwater. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 28(3-4): 147–152

[291] Henry C R. Surface studies of supported model catalysts. Surface Science Reports, 1998, 31(7-8): 235–325

[292] Xie Y B, Cao H B, Li Y P, Zhang Y, Crittenden J C. Highly selective PdCu/amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) catalysts for groundwater denitration. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(9): 4066–4072

[293] Aramendia M A, Borau V, Garcia I M, Jimenez C, Lafont F, Marinas A, Marinas J M, Urbano F J. Influence of the reaction conditions and catalytic properties on the liquid-phase hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene over palladium-supported catalysts: activity and deactivation. Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 187(2): 392–399

[294] Soares O, Orfao J J M, Pereira M F R. Nitrate reduction catalyzed by Pd-Cu and Pt-Cu supported on different carbon materials. Catalysis Letters, 2010, 139(3-4): 97–104

[295] Chen H, Xu Z Y, Wan H Q, Zheng J Z, Yin D Q, Zheng S R. Aqueous bromate reduction by catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 96(3-4): 307–313

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg