Construction of landslide relics inventory and analysis of its spatial distribution characteristics in Nyingchi, China

Abstract

This study constructed the most extensive landslide relic inventory in Nyingchi to date based on high-resolution imagery and DEM, which includes 12461 landslide relics covering a total area of 5179 km². High landslide densities are observed in four key areas: the south-west of Nang County, the north-east of Mainling County, the south of Medog County, and the east of Zayu County. In terms of land use types, shrublands contain the largest number of landslides, while croplands are associated with the largest-scale landslides. Regarding hydrological proximity, most landslides are distributed within 1 km of rivers, yet the largest total area of landslides is concentrated in the zone 1−2 km away from rivers. In terms of geological and tectonic factors, the largest proportion of landslide area occurs in regions 20−40 km from active faults, whereas the highest landslide point density is found 120−140 km from active faults. From a stratigraphic perspective, Triassic strata host both the highest number of landslides and the largest proportion of landslide area. Regarding hydroclimatic conditions, most landslides occur in regions with mean annual temperatures above 20°C, yet the largest landslide area is distributed in the 0°C−5°C range. Furthermore, areas with mean annual rainfall below 400 mm exhibit both the highest number of landslides and the greatest proportion of landslide area. This inventory fills data gaps in remote areas of Nyingchi and provides a robust foundation for regional landslide risk prevention, engineering construction safety, and territorial spatial planning.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

landslide relics inventory / spatial distribution characteristics / Nyingchi / southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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