The heart is a highly energy-dependent organ, developing bioenergy-activating biomaterials to activate myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and restore dysregulated energy homeostasis is a promising solution for its functional recovery. Inorganic biomaterials with tunable properties may deliver multiple physicochemical cues for bioenergy-activation. However, there is currently a lack of systematic design and study on inorganic biomaterials-derived physicochemical cues for myocardial bioenergy-activation. This study proposes a bioenergy-activating bioink based on inorganic biomaterials. Through the dual design of the chemical composition and physical morphology cues, the bioinks containing magnesium silicate (MS) nanoparticles with different morphologies were developed, and the corresponding 3D bioprinted cardiac patches were prepared. It was found that the magnesium and silicon components of MS are well beneficial to ATP production and myocardial maturation. More importantly, the morphology of MS nanoparticles could regulate the mitochondria-targeted effects after endocytosis and the dynamic stiffness of the hydrogel matrix, thus systematically modulating ATP production and myocardial function. Furthermore, the patches with MS nanotubes significantly promoted heart repair and functional recovery in both rat and minipig animal models. This study proposes a new bioink design strategy based on biocompatible inorganic biomaterials for bioenergy-activation to promote heart repair, offering more potential avenues for the clinical treatment of damaged, complex tissue.

Indium phosphide (InP)-based quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as promising cadmium-free alternatives for next-generation optoelectronic applications, particularly in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine ((DMA)₃P) has gained attention as a low-toxicity alternative to conventional precursors like tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine ((TMS)₃P) or toxic phosphine gas (PH₃) in the synthesis of InP QDs. However, InP core/shell QDs synthesized using (DMA)₃P and their corresponding QLEDs currently exhibit inferior optical and electronic performance compared to their (TMS)₃P-based counterparts. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular structures and distinct reaction mechanisms of (TMS)₃P and (DMA)₃P during InP core nucleation. Then, we systematically address the key challenges in optimizing (DMA)₃P-derived InP QDs, including defect state passivation and carrier confinement, and summarize effective improvement strategies encompassing core modulation, core/shell structure design, and surface ligand engineering. Furthermore, we discuss critical issues in integrating these QDs into QLEDs, focusing on charge transport engineering and suppression of charge leakage. Finally, we outline the remaining challenges and prospects for advancing InP-based QLEDs in displays and solid-state lighting.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterised primarily by immunometabolic disorders within the synovium-cartilage axis. Conventional therapies are limited by poor drug accumulation and nonspecific distribution at lesion sites, resulting in suboptimal and short-lived efficacy. In recent years, smart responsive nanodelivery systems (SRNSs) have demonstrated considerable potential for OA treatment. This review systematically summarises the major responsive mechanisms of SRNSs—such as pH, reactive oxygen species, enzymes and temperature—and their corresponding targeting strategies, including hyaluronic acid (HA)-cluster of differentiation 44, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-collagen II and immune ligand recognition. The dual modulatory roles of SRNSs in the synovium-cartilage axis are highlighted. By analysing validation evidence from representative material systems—such as zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and liposomes—in animal models, we delineate the synergistic mechanisms of SRNSs in inflammation suppression, metabolic remodelling and tissue regeneration. In the discussion section, we further explore key challenges for SRNSs, including biosafety concerns, lesion heterogeneity, manufacturing processes and regulatory standards. Potential strategies—such as biomimetic membrane camouflage, multi-omics-based stratification, artificial intelligence (AI) simulation and virtual clinical trials—are also proposed. Additionally, by comparing SRNSs with gene therapy, cell-penetrating peptides and exosome-based delivery, this review suggests that future OA therapies may evolve toward hybrid platforms integrating materials, biological systems and gene-based interventions. Looking ahead, smart systems endowed with self-feedback, self-evolution and visualisation capabilities are expected to move OA treatment toward a new era of personalised, adaptive and multidimensional precision interventions.

The pursuit of developing groundbreaking pro-regenerative therapies to expedite skin wound healing persists as a formidable challenge. Peptide RL-QN15, emerges as a highly promising candidate for the first pro-regenerative drug derived from amphibian skin, offering a glimmer of hope for innovative healing treatments. Yet, there is an urgent need for intensified research efforts to propel RL-QN15 from a molecular entity to a viable drug candidate, particularly in unraveling the mechanisms underlying its exceptional pro-healing efficacy. In the current research, our results revealed that RL-QN15 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, stemness, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human epidermal stem cells (hESCs) through direct binding to the membrane frizzled 8 (FZD8) receptor. This interaction triggers the downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, leading to the up-regulation of target genes MYC and CCND1. Furthermore, RL-QN15 augmented the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-3, which degrades E-cadherin and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby amplifying RL-QN15's regulatory effects on hESCs. In summary, our findings have demonstrated that RL-QN15 modulated the functions of ESCs to accelerate skin wound regeneration via the FZD8/β-catenin axis. This research not only advances peptide RL-QN15 from a molecular entity to a drug candidate by shedding light on the mechanisms involved with regulation of ESCs functions, but also presents compelling evidence implicating FZD8 as a novel therapeutic target for skin wound regeneration.

The novel models represented by organoids are becoming the key approach to solve the ethical and efficiency problems in drug development, but the effective and low-cost models are still urgently needed. The breakthrough development of artificial cell (AC) technology and synthetic biology has made it possible. In this study, a novel AC for evaluating the efficacy of various antitumor drugs is fabricated by combining cell membrane bionic technology and in situ synthetic biology. After entering ACs, antitumor drugs targeting nucleic acid affect the gene transcription of an artificially designed ribozyme that can catalyze the cleavage of molecular beacons and generate fluorescence signals in situ, indicating the efficacy of antitumor drugs at the cellular level. Specifically, ACs constructed with cell membranes containing drug-resistant proteins show significant drug inhibition, and the 3D coded ACs established based on this method are capable of classifying cell-specific characteristics more accurately to provide support for targeted drug therapy. This platform for in situ pharmacodynamic analysis not only demonstrates the individualized penetration ability of tumor heterogeneous packaging membranes in response to tumor drugs but also fills the gap between non-living and living experiments as a supplementary strategy.

Photocatalysis, a technology that can convert solar energy into chemical energy, exhibits tremendous potential for addressing the current environmental pollution and energy crisis. In the past decades, a variety of regulating strategies, including element doping, defect construction, and band engineering, have been developed to improve the performance of photocatalysis. However, single-mode photocatalysis has reached its performance limitation. To further enhance the photocatalytic performance, an emerging strategy is to construct multi-energy-integrated photocatalysis. This strategy has been proven to broaden the light absorption range and enhance the charge separation efficiency. In this review, different types of external energy, including thermal energy, electrical energy, magnetic energy, mechanical energy, and microwave energy for enhancing the performance of photocatalysis, are classified. The fundamental reinforcement mechanisms and advantages of external energy–driven photocatalysis are critically discussed. The state-of-the-art progress of the utilization of external fields in photocatalytic water splitting, pollutant degradation, and chemical synthesis is summarized. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of this promising field are demonstrated.

The recent monkeypox (MPOX) outbreak has drawn heightened international concern; however, no effective therapeutic interventions or reliable strategies to prevent its spread are currently available. Here, we developed a nano-silver (Ag)-selenium (Se) liquid dressing (lll) by conjugating Ag and Se nanoparticles with a commercial liquid dressing. After administration to the lesion sites, this unique formulation demonstrated highly effective antiviral properties in a surrogate MPOX mouse model (characterised by skin lesions/rashes) induced by vaccinia virus infection. In addition, AgSe@LD showed pronounced anti-inflammatory activity and accelerated the healing process of virus-infected cutaneous lesions. Remarkably, AgSe@LD formed a thin film that exhibited excellent adhesion and stability when applied to lesions, while showing resistance to water, alcohol and soapy water washing, thus offering great potential for practical application. This simple and effective liquid dressing represents a major breakthrough in the management of skin infections and provides new ideas for the treatment of MPOX.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant challenge to global health, particularly in developing countries such as China, where HBV-related acute liver failure (HBV-ALF) is a prominent cause of acute liver failure. This study investigated the effect of cuproptosis, a recently identified form of cell death, on immune infiltration in HBV-ALF. We mined the gene expression data of HBV-ALF from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Through enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways related to the response to metal/copper ions and the acute inflammatory response were found to be enriched. We subsequently found that HBV-ALF tissues contained more copper ions and conducted an intersection analysis of DEGs and cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs), which resulted in the identification of 7 core cuproptosis-related DEGs (CR-DEGs) for further investigation with a diagnostic model. Immune infiltration analysis and unsupervised clustering analysis revealed distinct patterns in HBV-ALF and the possibility of crosstalk between ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Furthermore, we identified 17 transcription factors, 90 miRNAs, and 15 drugs that might interact with the 7 CR-DEGs. To validate our findings and their clinical significance, we verified the diagnostic value and immune infiltration patterns of the 7 CR-DEGs in both the testing dataset, cell line, and clinical samples. In conclusion, our findings indicated that these 7 CR-DEGs demonstrate promising diagnostic value and may represent viable therapeutic targets for individuals with HBV-ALF.

Surgery has undergone a transformation in recent decades, from open operations to minimally invasive surgery. Significant advancements in technologies like robotic and minimally invasive techniques have led to better outcomes. However, simply enhancing anatomical knowledge and surgical skills has left the field of surgery stuck in a rut. Challenges like cost, training, patient safety, ethics, and global disparities persist. In the knowledge-explosion era, surgical methods have been advanced by the integration of multidisciplinary cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), genetic technologies, bioengineering, and elaborative rehabilitation scheme. Surgeons can more effectively and efficiently handle complicated clinical difficulties, optimize surgical operations, and provide individualized therapies by utilizing the combined power of these technologies, paving the way for reshaping contemporary surgical practices. Here, we overview how these key technological advancements have brought about the advent of “next-generation surgery.”

Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) has been widely used in the point-of-care testing field with fast results readout and portability. Nanozymes-based LFIA strengthened the colorimetric signals of LFIA strips by catalytic oxidation of the colorless substrates into colored substrates, without additional measuring equipment. But the limited specific surface area and functionalized sites of the zero-dimensional and two-dimensional nanozymes restricted their peroxidase-like activity, and the detection sensitivity cannot meet the demand for early diagnosis. Herein, a novel three-dimensional (3D) magnetic multi-metallic nanozyme with excellent superparamagnetism and peroxidase-like activity was developed as a catalytic amplification sensor for the detection of Influenza A (Flu A) viruses. Notably, two-dimensional MoS₂ nanosheets with a large surface area were taken as the substrates, which can load abundant magnetic nanoparticles and peroxidase-like nanoparticles (Au@Pt nanoflowers), providing magnetic separation capability and amplifying catalytic activity. Additionally, three metals (Pt, Au, and Ag) contained in these nanozymes further enhanced catalytic performance due to LSPR and the interaction of Pt/Au and Pt/Ag. Based on a magnetic separation and catalytic amplification system, 3D magnetic multi-metallic nanozymes-based LFIA can detect Flu A as low as 0.8 pg/mL within 26 min, 125 times lower than commercial colloidal gold-based LFIA. Moreover, 20 clinical samples infected with Flu A were detected with an accuracy of 100%, and the sensitivity of inactive Flu A viruses was 140 copies/mL. This trifunctional LFIA integrates magnetic separation, colorimetric analysis, and catalytic amplification, exhibiting great potential in a pretreatment- and equipment-free diagnostic method for rapid and accurate diagnosis of Flu A.

Nanofluidics, the study of fluid transport confined within nanochannels and nanopores, has emerged as a transformative technology across various domains, including sensing, separation, energy harvesting, materials synthesis, and bionic systems. Biosensing with nanofluidics, which involves the conversion of biomolecular information into fluidic signals through nanoscale fluid manipulation, is on the verge of revolutionizing the sensing paradigm, from DNA/protein sequencing, single-molecule analysis, disease diagnosis, and precision medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the current progress in nanofluidic biosensing, with a focus on in-plane, out-of-plane, and free-plane nanochannel and nanopore structures. We highlight the potential of nanofluidics in biosensing applications and discuss the current challenges faced in the development of nanofluidic-based biosensing technologies. Furthermore, we explore future opportunities in this field, propose potential solutions to these challenges, and aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse in nanofluidic biosensing. Our insights are intended to pave the way for future advancements in this promising field.

Gastrointestinal (GI) perforation, as an acute digestive condition, is difficult to heal spontaneously and requires prompt surgical intervention or bioactive adhesives to promote wound closure. Among various types of tissue adhesives, hydrogel adhesives have attracted tremendous attention and have been used in the clinic due to their atraumatic nature, good biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical properties. Despite their promise, the bioadhesive applications with engineered hydrogels still face challenges in the wet and acidic gastric environment. This review outlines the mainstream design approaches of hydrogel adhesives through covalent and noncovalent molecular interactions, illustrating the underlying adhesive mechanisms and material properties. Representative GI applications of hydrogel adhesives are also summarized. Finally, we discuss future perspectives on the clinical translations of hydrogel adhesives in the management of GI perforations.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are promising candidates for advanced energy storage systems. However, their performance is hindered by uncontrolled cathode passivation due to the formation of electronically insulating lithium sulfide (Li₂S). Here, we report a sulfur-rich copolymer, poly(sulfur-random-cardanol cystamine) [poly(S-r-Ccys)], as an efficient cathode material that enables spatially regulated Li₂S growth and improved redox kinetics. The nitrogen and oxygen functionalities in the Ccys moiety facilitate electrostatic interactions with lithium polysulfides, enhancing their dissolution and redistribution. Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance measurements confirm improved Li⁺ ion diffusion, while galvanostatic intermittent titration technique analysis reveals faster reaction kinetics in the poly(S-r-Ccys) cathode. The poly(S-r-Ccys) cathodes exhibit superior cycling stability compared to conventional elemental sulfur cathodes, maintaining 76.7% of their initial capacity after 300 cycles at 1 C, with a low average capacity fade of just 0.077% per cycle. This work demonstrates that poly(S-r-Ccys) offers a viable strategy to overcome Li₂S deposition challenges and improve the cycle life of Li-S batteries without altering the conventional ether-based electrolyte system.

Sonopiezo-mediated heterogeneous catalysis is a promising technology for efficient removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. Nevertheless, it is challenging in real water matrix with coexisting ions due to the rather-limited selectivity of reactive oxygen species if any. Herein, a sonopiezo-triggered singlet oxygen evolution system for selective removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) was rationally designed by SrTiO₃-TiO₂ heterojunction with a TiO₂-terminated SrTiO₃ S-scheme interfacial structure. SrTiO₃-TiO₂ heterojunction exhibits a dramatically expanded piezoelectric constant (d₃₃), which produces a synergistic effect on improving the separation and transfer efficiency of charge carrier for efficient TCH degradation. Moreover, SrTiO₃-TiO₂ heterojunction presents a high sonopiezo-current, which attractively indicates that SrTiO₃-TiO₂ heterojunction has a potential capacity of charge separation under sonopiezo initiation. Remarkably, the mechanism was identified as the continuous generating of singlet oxygen (¹O₂), in which the sonopiezo-generated electrons trigger the formation of superoxide anion radical (•O₂⁻) and its subsequent transformation to generate ¹O₂ by expending more sonopiezo-generated holes. These findings provided new insights towards developing nonradical system for effective and selective oxidation of electron-rich pollutants via sonopiezo-catalytic process.

Aerobic glycolysis and DNA damage repair participate in modulating LUAD chemo sensitivity, while the connection between glycolysis and DNA repair is not fully discovered. Here, integrated multi-omics analyses recognized SGO2 as a glycolysis- and DNA repair-associated gene. SGO2 was up regulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) compared to normal controls and independently predicted poor prognosis in LUAD patients in three independent cohorts. In addition, SGO2 compromised the cisplatin (CDDP) sensitivity of LUAD in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SGO2 interacted with BRCA1 to restrain BRCA1 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby enhancing homologous recombination repair signaling. Interestingly, a dietary bioactive compound, oxamic acid (OA) served as a glycolysis inhibitor to attenuate lactate (LA) production, thereby impairing histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation (H3K18la) and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac)-mediated chromatin accessibility to suppress SGO2 transcription. Furthermore, OA repressed SGO2/BRCA1-regulated homologous recombination repair signaling to mitigate LUAD progression and was presented as a therapeutic compound with no apparent toxicity in vivo. This study demonstrated that SGO2 is a downstream effector of glycolysis and an upstream regulator of DNA damage repair. Silencing SGO2 with OA improved LUAD chemo sensitivity. Our work highlights the potential of SGO2 as a target for therapeutic intervention and OA as a food-bioactive compound for LUAD treatment.

Piezoelectric-assisted photocatalytic systems, synergistically harnessing mechanical and solar energy, represent a promising frontier for energy conversion and environmental remediation. However, their practical implementation remains challenged by interfacial screening effects and inefficient carrier dynamics in conventional heterojunctions. Herein, we fabricated an inter-plane 2D/2D heterojunction of polar [Bi₂O₂]-based layered compounds (BiOBr@Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅) featuring matched electronic structures and dual piezoelectric response. This excellent structure facilitates the formation of interfacial chemical bonds (Bi-O-Ti and Bi-O-Fe bonds) and strong electronic interactions, which synergistically enhance piezoelectric and photoelectric properties by acting as charge transfer channels and strain-concentrated centers. Furthermore, under combined light illumination and ultrasonic vibration, a dual piezoelectric polarization field is established, which alternately breaks interfacial shielding effects while modulating interfacial band bending to achieve a Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism. This mechanism promotes photogenerated charge migration and redox kinetics, ultimately enabling full utilization of solar and mechanical energy. Consequently, the optimized BiOBr@Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ achieved complete (100%) piezo-photocatalytic degradation of RhB (25 mg L⁻¹) within 6 min, exhibiting a degradation rate of 0.5399 min⁻¹, 1.76-fold and 128.5-fold higher than standalone photocatalysis (0.3057 min⁻¹) and piezocatalysis (0.0042 min⁻¹), respectively. This work provides a novel strategy for designing atomic-level 2D/2D ferro-/piezoelectric heterojunctions with tailored interfacial structures, effectively addressing the screening effect and weak interfacial interactions inherent to conventional piezoelectric heterojunctions, while advancing applications in energy and environmental technologies.

Electrocatalysis has emerged as a cornerstone in advancing energy conversion, storage, and the production of value-added chemicals. A pivotal determinant of electrocatalytic efficiency lies in the design of electrode materials, underscoring the urgent need for cost-effective electrodes with robust structural integrity, high electrical conductivity, substantial porosity, and excellent catalytic activity. Plants (e.g., wood and bamboo)-derived monolithic electrodes have garnered growing interest due to their inherent hierarchical porosity and abundant cellulose content, offering significant promise for diverse electrocatalytic reactions. This review focuses on the synthesis techniques of plant-based monolithic electrodes, highlighting their structural features and evaluating their impact on electrocatalytic performance. Additionally, applications of plant-based monolithic electrodes in small-molecule conversion processes, including water electrolysis, oxygen reduction, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction reactions, are analyzed. The discussion culminates in evaluating the persistent challenges and perspectives in electrode material development. These insights provide a roadmap for designing next-generation electrochemical devices that combine superior efficiency, stability, and environmental sustainability. By advancing the performance of plant-based monolithic electrodes, this review lays a robust foundation for developing high-performance, cost-effective, and sustainable electrochemical materials and technologies for future applications.

The pursuit of sustainable structural materials requires combining high performance with renewable resources and low environmental impact. Here, we introduce a bioinspired regenerative lignification strategy that reconstructs lignin-like covalent networks directly within bamboo cell walls, condensing a multi-year natural hardening process into hours. Unlike conventional delignification–densification or polymer-filling approaches, this method preserves bamboo's hierarchical architecture while chemically stabilizing its matrix. The resulting ultra-hard bamboo exhibits a tensile strength of 503 MPa and a Brinell hardness of 42.1 HB, with weight-specific values surpassing steels and aluminum alloys. Multi-scale analyses reveal that the synergistic effects of cell-wall densification, enhanced cellulose crystallinity, and resin–cellulose cross-linking drive the performance breakthrough. Beyond strength and hardness, the material demonstrates remarkable flame retardancy, fungal resistance, and dimensional stability in water. Techno-economic and life-cycle assessments confirm competitive costs and substantially lower carbon footprints compared with conventional structural metals and plastics. This scalable, nature-inspired approach establishes a general pathway for transforming abundant biomass into next-generation sustainable materials with performance exceeding traditional engineering alloys.

Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology has emerged as a crucial interdisciplinary advancement in the field of neuropsychiatric disease treatment. With the global rise in the prevalence of neurological and psychiatric disorders, which impose a substantial burden on society, BCI offers a novel approach. Since the discovery of bioelectric phenomena in the 19th century, various classification frameworks have been developed based on signal paradigms, invasiveness, and feedback mechanisms. BCI applications span multiple disease areas. In movement disorders, it aids in restoring motor function through prosthetic control, functional electrical stimulation, and brain stimulation–based therapies. For patients with communication barriers, it enables alternative communication methods and speech-related neural signal decoding. In psychiatric conditions, BCI shows growing potential in both diagnosis and treatment, particularly in conditions like autism and depression. Despite significant progress, BCI faces challenges. The long-term biocompatibility of electrodes and the resolution of neural signals remain to be improved. To address these limitations, research on new electrode materials, such as carbon nanomaterials and composites, is ongoing. Emerging BCI technologies, including endovascular BCI and optogenetics BCI, present new possibilities. The integration of multimodal technologies and artificial intelligence in BCI systems is expected to enhance performance and enable more personalized treatment. Overall, BCI technology holds great promise for improving the quality of life of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders and driving innovation in the medical and neuroscience fields.

Melanoma remains a highly aggressive malignancy with limited response to current immunotherapies due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To overcome this limitation, we developed a radiolabeled coordination polymer, ¹⁷⁷Lu-GAMP, through the self-assembly of ¹⁷⁷Lu³⁺ with adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate, exhibiting coordination-feature resemblance to the endogenous STING agonist cGAMP, thereby enabling activation of the STING pathway. We further incorporated ¹⁷⁷Lu-GAMP into a dissolvable microneedle patch (¹⁷⁷Lu-GAMP@MN) for localized, minimally invasive delivery to melanoma lesions. Our results demonstrate that ¹⁷⁷Lu-GAMP@MN effectively penetrated the skin and retained at the tumor site, leading to robust STING activation and Gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis. This, in turn, promoted dendritic cell maturation and enhanced T cell infiltration. In vivo, ¹⁷⁷Lu-GAMP@MN significantly suppressed subcutaneous melanoma growth, prolonged survival, and elicited strong antitumor immune responses. When combined with anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, the treatment achieved synergistic tumor regression, improved effector T cell function, and induced durable immunological memory, demonstrating significant inhibition of both primary and distant tumors in murine models. Collectively, this work presents a transdermal brachytherapeutic-immunomodulatory strategy for melanoma treatment, offering promising potential for enhanced antitumor immunotherapy.