Next-Generation Surgery: Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Genetic Technologies, Bioengineering and Rehabilitation Into Modern Practices

Dengxiong Li; Jie Wang; Zhipeng Wang; Ruicheng Wu; Zhouting Tuo; Fanglin Shao; Wenjing Ge; Ziyu Shu; Yubo Yang; Dilinaer Wusiman; Qingxin Yu; Luxia Ye; Alisha Pati-Alam; Facai Zhang; Koo Han Yoo; Susan Heavey; William C. Cho; Dechao Feng

doi:10.1002/EXP.20240417

Exploration ›› 2026, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (3) :20240417 DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20240417

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Next-Generation Surgery: Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Genetic Technologies, Bioengineering and Rehabilitation Into Modern Practices

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¹. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

². Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

³. Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China

⁴. Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China

⁵. Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P.R. China

⁶. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK

⁷. Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

⁸. Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

⁹. Department of Urology, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China

¹⁰. Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Indiana, USA

¹¹. Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

¹². Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

¹³. Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

¹⁴. Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China

¹⁵. Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK

¹⁶. Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Urology, Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

¹⁷. Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea

¹⁸. Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China

yookoohan@khu.ac.kr

s.heavey@ucl.ac.uk

williamcscho@gmail.com

dechao.feng@ucl.ac.uk

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Abstract

Surgery has undergone a transformation in recent decades, from open operations to minimally invasive surgery. Significant advancements in technologies like robotic and minimally invasive techniques have led to better outcomes. However, simply enhancing anatomical knowledge and surgical skills has left the field of surgery stuck in a rut. Challenges like cost, training, patient safety, ethics, and global disparities persist. In the knowledge-explosion era, surgical methods have been advanced by the integration of multidisciplinary cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), genetic technologies, bioengineering, and elaborative rehabilitation scheme. Surgeons can more effectively and efficiently handle complicated clinical difficulties, optimize surgical operations, and provide individualized therapies by utilizing the combined power of these technologies, paving the way for reshaping contemporary surgical practices. Here, we overview how these key technological advancements have brought about the advent of “next-generation surgery.”

Keywords

artificial intelligence / bioengineering / clinical practices / genetic technologies / next-generation surgery / rehabilitation

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Dengxiong Li, Jie Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Ruicheng Wu, Zhouting Tuo, Fanglin Shao, Wenjing Ge, Ziyu Shu, Yubo Yang, Dilinaer Wusiman, Qingxin Yu, Luxia Ye, Alisha Pati-Alam, Facai Zhang, Koo Han Yoo, Susan Heavey, William C. Cho, Dechao Feng. Next-Generation Surgery: Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Genetic Technologies, Bioengineering and Rehabilitation Into Modern Practices. Exploration, 2026, 6 (3) : 20240417 DOI:10.1002/EXP.20240417

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